277 research outputs found
The tadic decision and its implications for the law of war crimes. a study of judicial and prosecutorial method.
No full textThis thesis focuses on the criminalisation in international law of violations of international humanitarian law committed in internal armed conflict. The ICTY Appeals Chamber Decision on Jurisdiction in the Tadic case is analysed. The Decision confirms the customary development of the law of war crimes to include the criminality in international law of offences committed in internal armed conflict. Thus the emphasis is on proceedings before the Ad Hoc International Tribunals. The thesis describes the customary development of the law of war crimes by highlighting the method employed by Judges and the Prosecutor to allow for the maximum reach of the law. A major limitation they have encountered is that, though offences in internal conflict now entail individual criminal responsibility in international law, the disparate treatment of violations in internal conflicts versus violations in international conflicts has not been superseded. This treatment has consequences for the elements of the definition of war crimes: the character of the conflict remains an element of the crime even though it is indifferent to moral fault. In this connection, the strategies employed by the Prosecutor to avoid engaging in contentious and lengthy conflict classification are reviewed. The disparate treatment of violations in internal and international conflicts is traced to the 'two-box' approach to international humanitarian law, which in turn stems from states' choice to be less restricted in their conduct in an internal armed conflict than they would be in an international conflict. This work recognises the limits posed by the law as it stands today: the recurrent theme throughout the thesis is the paramount importance of the principle of non retroactive application of criminal law
Research Data for Laparoscopic approach in the treatment of splenic angiolipomatous hamartoma: the first report of a case
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231153767 for Laparoscopic approach in the treatment of splenic angiolipomatous hamartoma: the first report of a case by Vladimir M. Milosavljevic, Boris S. Tadic, Nikola M. Grubor, Milica D. Mitrovic, Miljan S. Ceranic, Borislav L. Toskovic and Tatjana T. Terzic in Journal of International Medical Research</p
ECSN–HRT/GAR : High Resolution Temperature Climatology in Complex Terrain – Demonstrated in the test area Greater Alpine Region GAR : Final Report
No full textOn the t-adic Littlewood Conjecture
No full textThe p–adic Littlewood Conjecture due to De Mathan and Teulié asserts that for any prime number p and any real number α, the equation infm|≥1|m| · |m|p · |hmαi| = 0 holds. Here, |m| is the usual absolute value of the integer m, |m|p its p–adic absolute value and |hxi| denotes the distance from a real number x to the set of integers. This still open conjecture stands as a variant of the well–known Littlewood Conjecture. In the same way asthe latter, it admits a natural counterpart over the field of formal Laurent series Kt−1of a ground field K. This is the so–called tadic Littlewood Conjecture (t–LC).It is known that t–LC fails when the ground field K is infinite. This article is concernedwith the much more difficult case when the latter field is finite. More precisely, a fully explicitcounterexample is provided to show that t–LC does not hold in the case that K is a finite field with characteristic 3. Generalizations to fields with characteristics different from 3 arealso discussed.The proof is computer assisted. It reduces to showing that an infinite matrix encoding Hankel determinants of the Paper–Folding sequence over F3, the so–called Number Wall of thissequence, can be obtained as a two–dimensional automatic tiling satisfying a finite number of suitable local constrai
On the t-adic Littlewood Conjecture
No full textThe p–adic Littlewood Conjecture due to De Mathan and Teulié asserts that for any prime number p and any real number α, the equation infm|≥1|m| · |m|p · |hmαi| = 0 holds. Here, |m| is the usual absolute value of the integer m, |m|p its p–adic absolute value and |hxi| denotes the distance from a real number x to the set of integers. This still open conjecture stands as a variant of the well–known Littlewood Conjecture. In the same way asthe latter, it admits a natural counterpart over the field of formal Laurent series Kt−1of a ground field K. This is the so–called tadic Littlewood Conjecture (t–LC).It is known that t–LC fails when the ground field K is infinite. This article is concernedwith the much more difficult case when the latter field is finite. More precisely, a fully explicitcounterexample is provided to show that t–LC does not hold in the case that K is a finite field with characteristic 3. Generalizations to fields with characteristics different from 3 arealso discussed.The proof is computer assisted. It reduces to showing that an infinite matrix encoding Hankel determinants of the Paper–Folding sequence over F3, the so–called Number Wall of thissequence, can be obtained as a two–dimensional automatic tiling satisfying a finite number of suitable local constrai
Limitations of Dose-Volume Metrics in Deformable Registration: Implications for Organs-At-Risk in Sharp Dose Gradients
No full textOverview of T and D-T results in JET with ITER-like wall
No full textIn 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted)
Micro-abrasion resistance of thermochemically treated steels in aqueous solutions: Mechanisms, maps, materials selection
No full textThe area of micro-abrasion is an interesting and relatively recent area in tribo-testing methodologies, where small particles of less than 10 μm are employed between interacting surfaces. It is topical for a number of reasons; its direct relation to the mechanisms of the wear process in bio-tribological applications, ease in conducting tests and the good repeatability of the test results. It has widespread applications in conditions used in the space and offshore industries to bio-engineering for artificial joints and implants. There have been many recent studies on the micro-abrasion performance of materials, ranging from work basic metals to nano-structured coatings. However, no significant work is reported on the micro-abrasion resistance of thermochemically treated steels. Hence, this paper looks at the performance of two thermochemically treated steels, Tenifer bath nitride stainless steel (T-SS) and vanadized carbon steel (V-CS) in such conditions with reference to the stainless steel (SS) by varying the applied load and sliding distance. The results indicated that T-SS demonstrates exceptionally poor resistance to micro-abrasion. It was observed that the heat treatment process and properties of the hardened layer (hardness and thickness) are extremely important in determining the micro-abrasion resistance of such steels. Finally, the results were used to develop micro-abrasion mechanism and wastage maps, which can be used to optimize the surface treated materials for micro-abrasion resistance
Water jet assisted blasthole drilling stage 2: Cuttings Capture, Sampling and Water Recycling System
No full textRole of Thalamic CaV3.1 T-Channels in Fear Conditioning
No full textThe potential contribution of the ion channels that control the excitability of the midline and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus to the modulation of behaviors has not been well studied. In this study, we used both global genetic deletion (knock-out, KO) and thalamus-specific molecular knock-down (KD) approaches to investigate the role of thalamic CaV3.1 T-type calcium channels (T-channels) in fear learning and fear responses. Previously, we have shown that the dominant subtype of T-channels in the central medial nucleus of the thalamus (CMT) is the CaV3.1 isoform and that CMT neurons from CaV3.1 KO animals have decreased burst firing. By specifically knocking down CaV3.1 T-channels in the CMT using the shRNA approach, we also reduced burst firing without affecting the tonic firing mode of the transfected neurons. We report that global CaV3.1 KO animals showed stronger freezing behaviors during both the conditioning and testing phases of contextual fear conditioning, while CMT-specific CaV3.1 KD mice only had stronger fear responses during testing. In contrast, the cue-mediated fear responses were similar between CaV3.1 KO and CaV3.1 KD mice and the controls. Our findings validate thalamic CaV3.1 T-channels as a potential new target for the development or treatment of different psychiatric diseases, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders
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