11 research outputs found
Influence of the selected starch hydrolysates on the rheological properties of cement paste
No full textCelem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu hydrolizatów skrobiowych na reologiczne właściwości zaczynów cementowych. W badaniach zastosowano cement portlandzki klasy CEM I 42,5N oraz pięć typów dekstryn. Badania przeprowadzono dla dwóch różnych stosunków wodno-cementowych, wynoszących odpowiednio 0,4 oraz 0,5. Za pomocą reometru oznaczono wartości lepkości oraz naprężeń stycznych zaczynów cementowych w zależności od szybkości ścinania. Posłużyły one do wyznaczenia lepkości plastycznej oraz granicy płynięcia zaczynów, które zostały obliczone za pomocą wybranych modeli matematycznych. Wykorzystane pochodne skrobiowe przeanalizowano pod kątem ich przydatności jako modyfikatory parametrów reologicznych. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły stwierdzić, że dodatek hydrolizatu skrobiowego powoduje znaczne zmniejszenie granicy płynięcia zaczynów, co z kolei może przyczynić się do upłynnienia mieszanek betonowych oraz redukcji wody zarobowej.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of starch hydrolysates on the rheological properties of the cement paste. The Portland cement CEM I 42.5N and five types of dextrins were investigated. The study was conducted at two different water to cement ratios, i.e. 0.4 and 0.5. Rheometer determined values of the viscosity and shear stress in the cement paste, depending on shear rate, were used to determine the plastic viscosity and yield stress slurries, which were calculated using the selected mathematical models. Evaluated starch derivatives were analyzed for their suitability as modifiers of rheological parameters. The study revealed that the addition of starch hydrolysate results in a significant reduction of yield stress slurries, which in turn can lead to concrete mix liquefaction and mixing water reduction
Bactericidal activity of silver colloids stabilized with starch hydrolysates and their impact on strength of cement mortar
No full text
Log-MAP Decoding of Turbo Codes and Turbo Trellis-Coded ModulationUsing Piecewise-Linear Approximations of the max* Operator
No full textModernization of wood drying chamber to reduce energy consumption
No full textPrzedmiotem opracowania jest problematyka przemysłowych suszarni drewna, gdzie zaobserwowano trudności związane z utrzymaniem wymaganych parametrów suszenia oraz ze znacznym zużyciem energii i wydłużeniem procesu odprowadzenia wilgoci z materiału. W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe zagadnienia dotyczące suszarnictwa,
wskazując na wyjątkowe cechy suszonego drewna. Cel badań obejmował analizę parametrów powietrza, takich jak: prędkość przepływu powietrza oraz jego strumień, dających możliwość podniesienia wydajności całego urządzenia, a także określenie szczelności komory. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w postaci graficznej, wskazując na konkretne uchybienia związane z funkcjonowaniem między innymi układu wentylacyjnego. Ze względu na skutki niedotrzymania wymaganych parametrów medium suszącego, takie jak wzrost zużycia energii, a w najgorszym przypadku zniszczenia suszonej tarcicy, w pracy omówiono najczęściej pojawiające się błędy związane z eksploatacją suszarni, a także ich wpływ na sprawność realizowanych tam procesów.In this paper the drying chamber used in industry is considered. Investigated chamber was found to have problems associated with the preserve of the required air flow parameters and with considerable energy consumption what elongate the process of removing moisture from the material. The paper presents basic problems concerning wood drying, pointing to the unique features of dried material. The objective of this study is the analysis of the distribution of air parameters such as velocity and flow. Moreover, the tightness of the chamber is also determined. The article presents research results in graphical form, indicating specific failures related to the operation of the ventilation system. The increase in energy consumption and possible destruction of dried timber, require to describe the most popular mistakes related to the dryer operation as well as their impact on the efficiency of the drying processes
NanoMagnetic Logic Microprocessor Hierarchical Power Model
No full textThe interest on emerging nanotechnologies has been recently focused on NanoMagnetic Logic (NML), which has unique appealing features. NML circuits have a very low power consumption and, due to their magnetic nature, they maintain the information safely stored even without power supply. The nature of these circuits is highly different from the CMOS ones. As a consequence, to better understand NML logic, complex circuits and not only simple gates must be designed. This constraint calls for a new design and simulation methodology. It should efficiently encompass manifold properties: 1) being based on commonly used hardware description language (HDL) in order to easily manage complexity and hierarchy; 2) maintaining a clear link with physical characteristics 3) modeling performance aspects like speed and power, together with logic behavior. In this contribution we present a VHDL behavioral model for NML circuits, which allows to evaluate not only logic behavior but also power dissipation. It is based on a technological solution called ``snake-clock''. We demonstrate this model on a case study which offers the right variety of internal substructures to test the method: a four bit microprocessor designed using asynchronous logic. The model enables a hierarchical bottom-up evaluation of the processor logic behavior, area and power dissipation, which we evaluated using as benchmark a division algorithm. Results highlight the flexibility and the efficiency of this model, and the remarkable improvements that it brings to the analysis of NML circuit
IMPACT OF MATRIX INVERSION ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
No full textPurpose. The development of a wide construction market and a desire to design innovative architectural building constructions has resulted in the need to create complex numerical models of objects having increasingly higher computational complexity. The purpose of this work is to show that choosing a proper method for solving the set of equations can improve the calculation time (reduce the complexity) by a few levels of magnitude. Methodology. The article presents an analysis of the impact of matrix inversion algorithm on the deflection calculation in the beam, using the finite element method (FEM). Based on the literature analysis, common methods of calculating set of equations were determined. From the found solutions the Gaussian elimination, LU and Cholesky decomposition methods have been implemented to determine the effect of the matrix inversion algorithm used for solving the equations set on the number of computational operations performed. In addition, each of the implemented method has been further optimized thereby reducing the number of necessary arithmetic operations. Findings. These optimizations have been performed on the use of certain properties of the matrix, such as symmetry or significant number of zero elements in the matrix. The results of the analysis are presented for the division of the beam to 5, 50, 100 and 200 nodes, for which the deflection has been calculated. Originality. The main achievement of this work is that it shows the impact of the used methodology on the complexity of solving the problem (or equivalently, time needed to obtain results). Practical value. The difference between the best (the less complex) and the worst (the most complex) is in the row of few orders of magnitude. This result shows that choosing wrong methodology may enlarge time needed to perform calculation significantly
Paraclius vulcanoae Soares & Capellari & Ale-Rocha 2023, sp. nov.
No full textParaclius vulcanoae sp. nov. (Figs 4, 5, 6, 7) Diagnosis (males). Clypeus protruding, longer than face and pointed below, ending close to lower eye margin (Figs 4A, 5A, B). Postpedicel wider than long, shorter than scape and pedicel combined; arista-like stylus one segmented, 2X longer than eye height, with lamella at middle and apex, bare, except for dorsal pubescence on lamellae, apical lamella wider than long, truncated at apex (Fig. 4A). Description. Male (Fig. 4B, holotype). Body length: 5.2 mm; wing: 5.6 mm long, wide: 2 mm. Head (Figs 4A, 5A, B). Distinctly wider than high. Postocular setae white, ending in 1 stronger seta below, 6 upper-most black. Frons rectangular, about 4X wider than long, dark metallic green, obscured by dense silvery pruinosity. Face about 1.25X higher than wide, wider than ocellar tubercle; yellowish gray, covered with silvery pruinosity, mostly evident on sides of face, and yellowish pruinosity at middle. Clypeus protruding, 2X longer than wide and 2X longer than face, lower margin pointed, ending close to lower eye margin; clypeus yellow, covered with yellow pruinosity, clypeal suture inconspicuous. Palpus yellow, subtriangular, with central region bare, shiny, and ventral edge covered with a few yellow setae, lacking apical stronger seta. Proboscis yellow, labellum with a few short pale setae, and 1 stronger seta at apex. One pair of divergent strong ocellar setae and 1 pair of tiny postocellar setae; 1 pair of strong vertical setae; 1 pair of short paravertical setae, slightly longer than upper-most postocular seta. Postcranium dark green, covered with silvery pruinosity, lower margin of postcranium with 6 strong white setae, 1 strong white seta and a few slender white hairs below occiput. Antenna inserted on top of head, orangish yellow, except arista brown; scape 2X longer than pedicel, with apical projection curved apically, dorsal surface covered with short black setae; pedicel shorter than postpedicel, arising dorsally from scape, with crown of setae; postpedicel about 2X wider than long, with rounded apex, covered with short whitish pubescence; arista-like stylus dorsal, arising from upper-edge of postpedicel at middle, one segmented, 2X longer than eye height, with lamella at middle and apex, bare, except for dorsal pubescence on lamellae, apical lamella wider than long, truncated, with whitish pubescence at apex. Thorax (Figs 4B, 5C). Metallic dark green, with weak coppery reflections, except for postpronotal lobe, region above notopleuron and extending to postalar callus brown, mesonotum covered with weak silvery pruinosity, dense on anterior 0.5/6 of mesonotum, lateral margins of postpronotal lobe and entire notopleuron. Scutellum concolorous with mesonotum. Pleura mostly brownish gray, with greenish reflections and covered by silvery pruinosity, except metepisternum (around posterior spiracle yellow); metepimeron gray. Chaetotaxy: pronotum with row of strong black setae; anterior 0.5/6 of mesonotum covered with short black setae; acrostichals biseriate, ending at fourth dorsocentral setae; 6 pairs of dorsocentral setae increasing in length posteriorly; 1 pre-, 1 sutural and 1 postsutural intra-alars; 2 strong supra-alar setae, 1 positioned between postpronotal lobe and notopleuron and 1 near postalar callus; 1 strong and 2 short postpronotals; 2 strong notopleurals, 1 at middle of lower edge and 1 at posterior margin of notopleuron; 1 strong postalar; scutellum with 1 pair of strong medial setae, 1 pair of smaller setae laterad about 1/4 as long as medial scutellars; upper and lower surface of proepisternum with a few short, slender pale setae and lower surface with 1 stronger black seta directed anteroventrally; metepisternum with row of a few slender pale setae. Wing (Fig. 5D). Membrane light brown, mostly dark on anterior half of wing, veins brown. Costa ending close wing apex, at vein M 1; R 1 ending at basal 3/8 of wing; R 2+3 nearly straight, R 4+5 slightly curved posteriorly at apex; last section of vein M 1 straight at base, gradually curved towards R 4+5 at apical 6/8; maximum width of cell r 4+5 /length of dm-m: 0.9; bm+dm ending at apical 5/8 of wing, dm-m straight; M 4 and CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; length of crossvein dm-m/last part of M 4 (“CuAx ratio”): 1.75. Lower calypter yellow with blackish cilia; halter yellow. Legs (Fig. 4B). Yellow, except lateral surface of coxa II, apex of femur III with narrow spot dorsally, tarsus I from apex of It 1, tarsus II from apical 1/3 of IIt 1 and entirely tarsus III brownish. Leg I. Podomere ratios: 60, 55, 31/12/10/8/7. Anterior surface of coxa I covered by silvery pruinosity, with short pale setae, outer edge with 2 strong setae near apex, apical edge with 1 strong and 3–4 less conspicuous setae. Femur I covered by vestiture of short black setae, except ventral surface mostly bare, one anteroventral row of subequally long setae at apical 1/2, 3 conspicuous posterodorsal preapical setae, apicalmost longer than preceding setae. Tibia I with 1 pair of antero- and posterodorsal setae at 2/6, 1 anterodorsal seta at 3/6, 1 dorsal at 3.5/6 and 1 dorsal and 1 posterodorsal preapical. It 1 with 1 short basiventral seta, ventral surface from apex of It 1 to It 4 with pile of whitish setae (MSSC). Leg II. Podomere ratios: 80, 80, 32/20/15/10/8. Anterior surface of coxa II covered by silvery pruinosity and a few short pale setae, outer edge with one row of setae increasing in length from basal 1/3 ending in 2 strong setae, 1 at middle and 1 near apex, apical edge with 3 conspicuous setae. Femur II covered by short vestiture of black setae, except ventral surface mostly bare, with anteroventral row of short setae decreasing in length from base to 3/6, 1 short anteroventral preapical seta, and 1 stronger anterior seta at 5/6, 2 short posteroventral preapical setae. Tibia II with 3 pairs of antero- and posterodorsal setae at 1/6 (about half length of second pair), 1.5/6, and 3.5/6, 1 anterodorsal seta at 2/6, 2 anteroventral setae at 2.5/6 and 4/6, 1 posteroventral seta at 4.5/6, one crown of setae at apex: 1 antero- and 1 posterodorsal, 1 dorsal, 1 antero- and 1 posteroventral. IIt 1 with 1 short basiventral seta. Leg III. Podomere ratios: 80, 98, 33, 35, 22, 14, 10. Apical edge of coxa III with 3–4 longer pale setae, lateral surface with 1 long seta at middle and 1 short at apex. Femur III 1.3X wider than femur II at broadest point, femur III covered by short vestiture of black setae, except ventral surface mostly bare, 1 stronger anterodorsal seta at 4.5/6, and 1 short anteroventral preapical seta, one short ventral to anteroventral row of pale short setae from basal 1/6 to apical 4/6, 2 short posteroventral preapical setae. Tibia III with 3 pairs of antero- and posterodorsal setae, 1 short, about 1/3 as long as second pair at 1/6, 1 at 1.5/6 and 1 at 2.5/6, 1 dorsal seta at 3/6, 1 anterodorsal at 3.5/6, 1 dorsal, 1 ventral and 1 anterodorsal preapical seta, 1 ventral seta at 4.5/6, one row of short, sparse and erected setae from basal 1.5/6 to apical 4.5/6. IIIt 1 with 1 short basiventral seta. Abdomen (Fig. 4B). About 1.5X longer than thorax. Dark brown, with greenish reflections. Tergites 1–5 setose, posterior margin with long and strong setae, with wide lateral patches of silvery pruinosity. Tergite 6 bare. Segment 7 brown, bare, short, well sclerotized. Sternite 8 brown, homogeneously covered with long black setae. Hypopygium (Fig. 6). Epandrium dark brown, subrectangular, about 2X longer than wide (Fig. 6A). Basiventral epandrial lobe long, with rounded apex, and 1 short medioventral seta (Fig. 6A, B). Apicoventral epandrial lobe wider than long, somewhat fan-shaped, slightly shorter than cercus, outer edge with 2 short setae (Fig. 6B, C). Hypandrium divided in two asymmetrical short arms, left arm curved, with well sclerotized hook-shaped apex, right arm sinuous, slightly narrowing at apex, both shorter than phallus (Fig. 6B, C). Basal 2/3 of phallus tubular, widening apically, with 1 long right lateral process, branched at apex (Fig. 6B, C, G). Ventral lobe of surstylus longer than dorsal lobe, somewhat digitiform, narrowing at apex, with 1 short dorsal seta at basal 1/3 and 1 long apical seta (Fig. 6C, F). Dorsal lobe of surstylus with 1 short dorsal digitiform projection near base, apex bifurcated, ventral projection short and rounded, dorsal projection long and mostly membranous (Fig. 6C, E). Postgonite plain, shorter than ventral lobe of surstylus, slightly curved ventrally and weakly sclerotized at apex (Fig. 6C, F). Sperm pump shorter than epandrium, but as long as ejaculatory apodeme, almost tubular, folded back on itself (Fig. 6B, C). Ejaculatory apodeme sinuous, well sclerotized and laterally flattened (Fig. 6B, C). Cercus yellow with apical margin dark brown, subrectangular, with short apical projection, covered with yellowish setae (Fig. 6A, D). Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁, labelled: “[BRAZIL] São Paulo | Campos do Jordão [ca 22°44′17.3″S 45°36′35.7″W] | 29.xii.1944 | F. Lane col.”; “25657”; “ Sybistroma | americana | Schin.” [handwritten]; “O gen. Sybis | troma é | Europeu | A espécie | america- | na deve | ser um no- | vo gênero” [The genus Sybistroma is European, and the species americana should be a new genus] [handwritten]; “ HOLOTYPE | Paraclius vulcanoae | Soares, Capellari & Ale-Rocha [red label]” (MZUSP). Holotype in good condition, terminalia dissected and stored in microvial on the same pin, both wings damaged, right IIIt 5 broken off. Remarks. This species is closely related to Paraclius americanus comb. nov. as discussed above (see “Remarks” under P. americanus comb. nov.). The new species can be differentiated by lower margin of clypeus pointed (Figs 4A, 5A) (lower margin of clypeus straight in P. americanus comb. nov. (Fig. 1D)), basiventral epandrial lobe rounded at apex, apicoventral epandrial lobe wider than long, somewhat fan-shaped (Fig. 6B, C) (basiventral epandrial lobe hook-shaped and apicoventral epandrial lobe longer than wide in P. americanus comb. nov. (Capellari 2013, fig. 5)). In addition, the two species share a sperm pump folded over itself, but evidently shorter in P. vulcanoae sp. nov. (Fig. 6C). Grichanov (1998) suggested that differences in the orientation of the hypandrium-phallus apparatus in species of Acropsilus Mik might be due by copulation (hypandrium and phallus would lay perpendicularly to each other after copulation). In a similar way, the shorter sperm pump in P. vulcanoae sp. nov. compared to that of P. americanus comb. nov. could be a by-product of copulation, including the perpendicular orientation of hypandrium and phallus seen in the holotype (Fig. 6A, B), as presumed by Grichanov (1998) for mated specimens of Acropsilus. Etymology. The new species is named after Maria Aparecida Vulcano (in memoriam), who was one of the precursors of the MZUSP Diptera collection during the 1940s. She wrote the handwritten label on the holotype mentioned above and the patronym acknowledges her insight while first identifying the specimen. Distribution. Brazil (state of S„o Paulo).This species is known to occur only in the Atlantic Forest biome (Fig. 7).Published as part of Soares, Matheus M. M., Capellari, Renato S. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2023, Species of Paraclius Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with bi-lamellate antennal stylus: new combination, new synonym, and two new species, pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 5231 (1) on pages 44-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/757409
White Paper: Communication Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems: From Railways to UAVs and Beyond
No full textAbstract
This white paper aims to comprehensively analyze and consolidate the state of the art in communication technologies supporting modern and future Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Its primary objective is to establish a common understanding of how communication solutions enable automation, safety, and efficiency across multiple transport domains, including railways, road vehicles, aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The document seeks to identify key communication requirements and technological enablers necessary for interoperable and reliable ITS operation. It also assesses the limitations of current systems and proposes pathways for integrating emerging technologies such as 5G, Sixth Generation (6G), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven network control. The white paper also intends to support harmonization between different transport modes through a unified framework for communication modeling, testing, and standardization. It highlights the importance of accurate channel modeling and empirical validation to design efficient, robust, and scalable systems. Another objective is to explore the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, integrated sensing and communication, and digital twin concepts within ITS. The document emphasizes the role of spectrum management and standardization efforts in ensuring interoperability among diverse communication systems. Finally, the paper seeks to stimulate collaboration among academia, industry, and standardization bodies to advance the design of resilient and adaptive communication infrastructures for future transportation systems.Abstract
This white paper aims to comprehensively analyze and consolidate the state of the art in communication technologies supporting modern and future Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Its primary objective is to establish a common understanding of how communication solutions enable automation, safety, and efficiency across multiple transport domains, including railways, road vehicles, aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The document seeks to identify key communication requirements and technological enablers necessary for interoperable and reliable ITS operation. It also assesses the limitations of current systems and proposes pathways for integrating emerging technologies such as 5G, Sixth Generation (6G), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven network control. The white paper also intends to support harmonization between different transport modes through a unified framework for communication modeling, testing, and standardization. It highlights the importance of accurate channel modeling and empirical validation to design efficient, robust, and scalable systems. Another objective is to explore the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, integrated sensing and communication, and digital twin concepts within ITS. The document emphasizes the role of spectrum management and standardization efforts in ensuring interoperability among diverse communication systems. Finally, the paper seeks to stimulate collaboration among academia, industry, and standardization bodies to advance the design of resilient and adaptive communication infrastructures for future transportation systems
