1,943 research outputs found
Sprung rhythm w poezji Stanisława Barańczaka
No full textThis article demonstrates the influence of G.M. Hopkins’s poetry, especially his idea of sprung rhythm, on the works of S. Barańczak. Barańczak translated Hopkins’s poems in the late 1970s. He is also the author of articles addressing Hopkins’s life and poetry. During the process of translation Barańczak had the opportunity to investigate not only Hopkins’s philosophical and religious poems, but also his concept of sprung rhythm. This specific rhythmical form was an interesting translation issue for Barańczak, which he analysed in his articles. The author of this paper shows that sprung rhythm which was encountered during the process of translation permeated Barańczak’s own poems. The rhythmical form in Hopkins’s poems is similar to the Polish tradition of accentual long-line verse, originating from Mickiewicz’s poetry. Barańczak used this pattern in translations and in his own poems, but he modified it to make it similar to Hopkins’s model of sprung rhythm. The author also proves that Barańczak was inspired by Hopkins’s prosodic effects, especially instrumentation of verse and paronomasia
Sprung rhythm in the poetry of Stanisław Barańczak
No full textThis sketch shows the influence of G. M. Hopkins's poetry, especially his idea of sprung rhythm, on works of S. Barańczak. Barańczak was translating Hopkins's poems in the second half of the seventies of the twentieth century. He is also an author of articles concerning Hopkins's life and poetry. During process of translation Barańczak had the opportunity to meet not only philosophical and religious poems but also the idea of sprung rhythm. This specific rhythmical form became an interesting translatological issue for Barańczak about which he wrote analytically in his articles. The author of this sketch shows that the sprung rhythm encountered during translating came into Barańczak's own poems. Rhythmic form of Hopkins' poems is similar to the Polish tradition of tonic long-formatted verse originating from Mickiewicz's poetry. Barańczak used this pattern in translations and his own poems, but he modified it and made it alike to Hopkins's model of sprung rhythm. Author shows also that Barańczak was inspired by Hopkins's prosody effects, especially instrumentation and paronomasia.Attridge D., 1982, The Rhythms of English Poety, London, New York.
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Influence of the threshold settings of photon counting detectors on the observed speckle contrast in coherent scattering experiments
No full textIntensive care triage in the elderly
No full textWe read the editorial by Dr. Levy (1) regarding our manuscript (2) with interest but disagree with several of his points. We used the Acute Physiology Score II, part of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), without age points to adjust for severity within age groups. Dr. Levy believes that we should have added the age points in calculating the score as was performed in the original SAPS II study. A serious drawback in the interpretation of multivariate analyses occurs when collinear variables are entered. In order to examine, the effect of age per se and to avoid collinearity, age points were excluded from the SAPS II scores. We believe that SAPS without age is still a measure of the risk for 28-day mortality. When the study population is stratified by age and the comparisons are between accepted and rejected patients, the impact of age on the SAPS score is minor as the age points within each stratum are similar for the groups being compared. In addition, other studies have adjusted for severity between groups by using acute physiological scores without age points (3), including one that evaluated illness severity in the elderly (4). One cannot really compare different age group severities if one adds additional points just for the patient’s age. Our previously reported propensity score (5) demonstrated that although patients refused intensive care unit admission were older and had higher SAPS II scores than those accepted, they had lower Acute Physiology Score II scores, suggesting that the observed association of admission refusal with higher severity of illness could be due to a confounding effect of old age in increasing SAPS II scores. The rationale for ascribing a “mortality benefit” to elderly patients was based on a bivariate analysis comparing refused and admitted patients within age groups =65, demonstrating a greater reduction in the survival among the refused elderly compared to younger patients. The odds of survival, refused relative to accepted patients controlling for SAPS II, were 0.74 for the younger group and 0.65 in the elder one. Dr. Levy states that the manuscript appears to be written with a bias toward the belief that elderly patients are being denied access to intensive care unit care. The Eldicus study was performed without any bias toward the belief that the elderly are or are not being denied intensive care unit access. Prior to the results of the study we did not think that the elderly would have greater mortality differences between accepted and rejected patients, but these were the findings of the study. We believe the fact that the triage literature is replete with studies showing that physicians reject the elderly more than younger patients together with our new findings compels physicians to relook at their triage policies for the elderly. This is not bias, but rather an evaluation of the facts and recommendations based on them
Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock
No full textBackground Hydrocortisone is widely used in patients with septic shock even though a survival benefit has been reported only in patients who remained hypotensive after fluid and vasopressor resuscitation and whose plasma cortisol levels did not rise appropriately after the administration of corticotropin. Methods In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 251 patients to receive 50 mg of intravenous hydrocortisone and 248 patients to receive placebo every 6 hours for 5 days; the dose was then tapered during a 6-day period. At 28 days, the primary outcome was death among patients who did not have a response to a corticotropin test. Results Of the 499 patients in the study, 233 (46.7%) did not have a response to corticotropin (125 in the hydrocortisone group and 108 in the placebo group). At 28 days, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients in the two study groups who did not have a response to corticotropin (39.2% in the hydrocortisone group and 36.1% in the placebo group, P=0.69) or between those who had a response to corticotropin (28.8% in the hydrocortisone group and 28.7% in the placebo group, P=1.00). At 28 days, 86 of 251 patients in the hydrocortisone group (34.3%) and 78 of 248 patients in the placebo group (31.5%) had died (P=0.51). In the hydrocortisone group, shock was reversed more quickly than in the placebo group. However, there were more episodes of superinfection, including new sepsis and septic shock. Conclusions Hydrocortisone did not improve survival or reversal of shock in patients with septic shock, either overall or in patients who did not have a response to corticotropin, although hydrocortisone hastened reversal of shock in patients in whom shock was reversed. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00147004 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .)Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Crisis management during anaesthesia: sepsis
No full text© 2005 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.BackgroundAnaesthesia with concurrent sepsis is risky, and involves consideration of possible organ dysfunctions-respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and haematological--as well as ensuring that appropriate antibiotics are given after taking the necessary microbiological specimens. Because prompt attention needs to be paid to so many body systems, the place for a structured approach during anaesthesia for a septic patient was assessed.ObjectivesTo examine the role of a previously described core algorithm "COVER ABCD-A SWIFT CHECK", supplemented by a specific sub-algorithm for sepsis, in the management of sepsis occurring in association with anaesthesia.MethodsThe potential performance of this structured approach for each of the relevant incidents among the first 4000 reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study (AIMS) was compared with the actual management as reported by the anaesthetists involved.ResultsSepsis was identified as the primary problem in 13 of the first 4000 reports (ConclusionSepsis involves a serious physiological stress upon multiple organ systems. The use of a structured approach involving a core algorithm and additional sub-algorithms as required provides a series of checklists that can successfully deal with the complex multiple and interrelating problems that these patients present.J A Myburgh, M J Chapman, S M Szekely, G A Osborn
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