265 research outputs found
Submucous rather than myenteric neurons are activated by mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients
No full textOBJECTIVES: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been developed to better characterize the microvasculature of solid masses in several organs, including the pancreas. In this study, we assessed CEUS accuracy in differentiating exocrine from endocrine pancreatic tumors.
METHODS: A total of 127 patients with single, undetermined pancreatic masses were prospectively examined with transabdominal ultrasound and CEUS, before surgical resection or percutaneous biopsy.
RESULTS: Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumors showed different intralesional vascularization patterns: 98.9% (90/91) of exocrine tumors were hypoenhancing, whereas 95.8 % (23/24) of endocrine tumors had a hypervascular supply. A hypoenhancing pattern, indicative of ductal adenocarcinoma, had a significant (P < 0.001) diagnostic accuracy of 91.3% with a sensitivity of 96.8%, a specificity of 85.3%, a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 94.7% and 90.6%, respectively. The hyperenhancing pattern, indicative of endocrine tumors, had a significant (P = 0.031) diagnostic accuracy of 73.8% with a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 60.0%, a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 83.3% and 60.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has a valuable diagnostic accuracy in differentiating exocrine from endocrine pancreatic tumors, which is a fundamental step to address appropriate histological evaluation, therapeutic approach, and follow-up
Enteric nitrergic neuron defect and gut dysfunction in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
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Truncated IRAG variants modulate cGMP-mediated inhibition of human colonic smooth muscle cell contraction
No full textvon Werder A, Mayr M, Schneider G, Oesterle D, Fritsch RM, Seidler B, Schlossmann J, Hofmann F, Schemann M, Allescher HD, Schmid RM, Saur D. Truncated IRAG variants modulate cGMP-mediated inhibition of human colonic smooth muscle cell contraction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 301: C1445-C1457, 2011. First published August 24, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00304.2010.-Nitric oxide (NO) induces relaxation of colonic smooth muscle cells predominantly by cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI)-induced phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-associated cGMP kinase substrate (IRAG), to block store-dependent calcium signaling. In the present study we analyzed the structure and function of the human IRAG/MRVI1 gene. We describe four unique first exon variants transcribed from individual promoters in diverse human tissues. Tissue-specific alternative splicing with exon skipping and alternative splice donor and acceptor site usage further increases diversity of IRAG mRNA variants that encode for NH2- and COOH-terminally truncated proteins. At the functional level, COOH-terminally truncated IRAG variants lacking both the cGKI phosphorylation and the IP3RI interaction site counteract cGMP-mediated inhibition of calcium transients and relaxation of human colonic smooth muscle cells. Since COOH-terminally truncated IRAG mRNA isoforms are widely expressed in human tissues, our results point to an important role of IRAG variants as negative modulators of nitric oxide/cGKI-dependent signaling. The complexity of alternative splicing of the IRAG gene impressively demonstrates how posttranscriptional processing generates functionally distinct proteins from a single gene
ICON-LEM Ny-Ålesund low-level clouds polar night and polar day 2021/2022
No full text<h3>Low-level clouds during the polar night and polar day simulated in ICON-LEM for Ny-Ålesund </h3>
<p>This data set was created using the ICON-LEM model with ca. 600m resolution and a diagnostic tool "microphysical wrapper". It contains the meteogram output of the Ny-Ålesund column (Svalbard) and the microphysical process rates. The data was created for the polar night (Nov 2021- Feb 2022) and polar day (May - Aug 2022). Clouds are classified as low-level if their cloud top height (CTH) is below 2.5 km and the distance between any cloud with CTH above 2.5 km is at least 500 m higher. The data set was first used and described in the <em>publication: </em></p>
<p>T. Kiszler, D. Ori, V. Schemann<em>. </em>(preprint) Microphysical processes involving the vapour phase dominate in simulated low-level Arctic clouds. <em>Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, </em>https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2986<em><br></em></p>
<p>This data is related to the repository <a href="https://github.com/TracyMcBean/Kiszler_et_al_2023_microphysics">https://github.com/TracyMcBean/Kiszler_et_al_2023_microphysics</a></p>
<p><em>File description:</em></p>
<p>*_PN is polar night data</p>
<p>*_PD is polar day data</p>
<p>LLC_<em>meteo_<yyyymm>_ICONv1</em>_v6.nc : Contains the meteogram variables (thermodynamics, surface variables, hydrometeors)</p>
<p>LLC_wrapper_mass_<yyyymm>_ICONv1_v6.nc : Contains hydrometeors masses after diagnostic run of a microphysical wrapper</p>
<p>LLC_wrapper_tend_<yyyymm>_ICONv1_v6.nc : Contains the mircophysical process rates showing the mass change per timestep </p>
<p>low_cloud_times_v6_*.csv : Contains the date and time when a low-level cloud was detected</p>
Enteric nitrergic neuron defect and gut dysfunction in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
No full textAutoantibodies as mediators of immuno-neural signaling in the Enteric Nervous System (ENS).
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