35 research outputs found
Population Genetic Consequences of Different Dispersal-Distance Distributions in a Continuous Landscape
No full text51 pages, 1 article*Population Genetic Consequences of Different Dispersal-Distance Distributions in a Continuous Landscape* (Tisch, N.; Goldberg, D. S.; Hiebler, D. E.; Hume, G. L.; McCulloch, C. E.; Safran, R. J.; Stenzler, L. M.; Sundell, N. M.; Winkler, D. W.) 51 page
A Retrospective Study of Amusement Ride Restraint and Containment Systems: Identifying Design Challenges for Statistically Rare Anthropometric Cases
No full textThe intent of this project was to conduct a retrospective study of amusement ride restraint and containment systems’ failures to identify the challenges associated with existing design criteria to safely accommodate statistically rare groups that fall outside amusement industry standards. Innovations in ride technology provide an opportunity for injuries to occur if restraint and containment systems cannot properly accommodate unique patron anthropometry. It is paramount to understand how anthropometric features contribute to the patron’s ability to defeat ride restraint and containment systems. A systemic perspective was used based on industry accident data to frame the problem associated with restraint and containment systems failures. This project examined how ergonomics, applied across anthropometric characteristics, affected guest safety, how cognitive ability influenced patron judgment, and how non-compliant patron behavior increased the risk for injuries. This retrospective study governed data management efforts that collected, organized, and evaluated accident data which yielded measures for patron characteristics, ride features and accident events. A design methodology was developed that incorporated statistical tests that established group differences between the project accident data and industry control data. Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact Tests were used to determine statistical significance for ride and patron categorical variables. Independent tests for physical limitation, cognitive ability and behavior showed a positive association for type of failure mode. A Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test for the mean age across ride types was performed that showed a positive association. A logistical regression model was constructed combining predictor dummy variables for anthropometric mismatch, diminished capacity and behavior for the binary dependent variable for not-secured or ejection/fall failure mode. The outcome of this project produced retrospective statistical data and provided a forcing function design guidance matrix to overcome amusement ride restraint and containment design challenges associated with unique patron anthropometry
Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics in Subsonic Crossflows
No full textThe breakup of a liquid jet, in a crossflow leading to the evolution of the spray plume downstream is an important aspect that needs to be well understood for improving combustion efficiency and reduction of emissions for airbreathing propulsion engines. The drop size characteristics of a liquid jet in a non swirling crossflow of air were investigated experimentally at conditions relevant to ramjets and gas turbine afterburners. Experiments were done with a 1.0 mm diameter plain orifice nozzle which was flush mounted on the bottom plate of test section to provide normal injection. Laser diffraction using Malvern Spraytec particle analyzer was used to measure drops size and distributions in the near field of the jet. The momentum flux ratio was varied to address a reasonable range of liquid flow rates as in practical devices. The sprays were characterized using the non dimensional parameters such as the Weber number and the momentum flux ratio and drop sizes were measured at an axial distance of 50 mm from the injector. Results
indicate that as one goes from the bottom to the top of the spray plume, the drop size distribution becomes narrower. Further with increase in the momentum flux ratio the volume concentration across the plume becomes highly non uniform and depends on the measurement point in the expanding spray lume
Evaluation of small airways dysfunction in asymptomatic cigarette smokers: comparison of six tests.
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