2,248 research outputs found
Digitally fabricated low cost housing: material, joint and prototype
No full textMotivated by the global housing deficit and limited natural resources, this study aims to utilize
digital fabrication technologies coupled with local sustainable materials in the quest for
alternative, adequate low-cost housing solutions for the less fortunate population, mainly in
developing countries.
The thesis is structured into two main parts: a theoretical and an empirical study. The theoretical
part identifies the research problem and lays the foundation of knowledge, as well as defines the
motivating questions, aim, objectives, scope, methodology and tools used throughout the thesis.
An overview of fundamental concepts of mechanisation, standardisation, prefabrication, mass
housing, and mass customisation is provided. Different types of prefabricated housing are
presented followed by a discussion of select architect-led and industry-led early precedents in
prefabrication. The theoretical part also includes an analysis of state-of-the-art built projects or
prototypes of digitally fabricated houses. Through this analysis, how these prototypes respond to
housing problems is addressed and an observation is made of how these built projects can be
categorised into main streams or different trends. After defining the potentials and limitations of
these precedents, a number of design criteria or design guidelines are proposed forming the basis
for the proposition of a housing system that addresses these drawbacks under the name “Housing
System 01”.
The second part of the thesis is a Design-Build-Evaluate empirical study in which the proposed
housing system combining concepts of complete off-site prefabrication with modular parametric
localised digital fabrication is outlined. Given the necessity of cost reductions, an integral joining
system (snap-fit) using an agricultural residue panel material is tested as the principal method for
the construction of wall assemblies. The study proves that by using integral joints, it is possible to
involve the end-user of the housing unit in the construction activities promoting the concept of
“Self-Build”, as the simplicity of the system allows for the participation of end-users with no
previous construction expertise thereby decreasing cost.
A set of mechanical tests are performed to characterise wheat straw panels and then snap-fit
joints are dimensioned within the elastic limits of this specific material. Three partial wall
assembly prototypes are built. One axial compression test is performed on one of the prototypes.
The tests show that the material and the joint system promise to provide a viable construction
system as an alternative low-cost housing solution. Further optimisation and more physical
structural testing are needed to address more complex forces and loading scenarios
Hydro-morphologic modelling for different calamitous scenarios in a mountain stream
No full textAnalysis of different scenarios is addressed for the Mallero river, a mountain stream in northern Italy. A town (Sondrio) is present at the downstream end of the river. Flood hazard for Sondrio can be related either to flood events with significant sediment transport (because the in-town reach is a preferential location for aggradation processes with resulting increase of the water elevation) or to dam-break events (in case of collapse of a major landslide at relatively short distance upstream). Therefore, the manuscript explores the use of hydro-morphologic modelling to assess the level of hazard related with the scenarios for flood with intense sediment transport and for landslide and following dam-break wave. For the first scenario, a past event (flood of 1987) is considered, that has been already object of previous investigations. Propagation of the flood wave and resulting river morphologic changes are modelled using the coupled Saint-Venant and Exner equations. For the second scenario, different models are combined in an integrated process chain: available estimations of the landslide volume and models for dam breaching are used to create inflow conditions in terms of water and sediment discharge into the river, then the wave propagation is modelled again using the shallow-water, one-dimensional approach. For both scenarios, the analysis is devoted to assessing if these waves could be able to transport a significant amount of sediments to Sondrio, maximum elevation of the water surface and characterization of the time scales for the events. The role of analyses such as that presented here for territorial management and protection is discussed
Stefaniella skuhravae Elsayed, new species
No full textStefaniella skuhravae Elsayed, new species Adult description. Color of freshly emerged individuals: head black, antennae light brown, thorax brown, wings transparent, legs light brown, upper and lower parts of abdomen light brown, lateral parts orange. Body length. 0.7 mm (n= 7) in males and 1.1 mm (n= 5) in females. Head (Fig. 24). Compound eyes with circular facets. Gap between eyes on vertex about 0.5-1.5 times as wide as facet. Palpi 2 –segmented, second segment elongated, nearly longer than the first. Antenna 2 + 9–10 flagellomeres; scape conical, pedicel rounded, flagellomeres barrel-shaped in both sexes; each with two connected rings of circumfila (Fig. 25); the apical two flagellomeres sometimes fused. Thorax.Wing (Fig. 26) length 0.6 mm (n= 7) in males and 1.0 mm (n= 5) in females. Vein R 5 joining C before its mid-length; C broken beyond the attachment point with R 5; M present; CuA simple. Tarsal claws (Fig. 27) toothed. Empodia as long as, or shorter than, claws. Abdomen, male. Tergites 1–7 rectangular, with a posterior row of strong, hyaline setae; tergites 2–7 with one pair of anterior, small, trichoid sensilla; tergite 8 very narrow, about 0.33 width of tergite 7, with median pair of trichoid sensilla. Sternites 1–7 with scattered setae, in addition to posterior row of strong hyaline setae; sternum 8 undifferentiated from the surrounding membranous tissue. Genitalia (Fig. 28): Gonocoxite slightly elongate, with setulose mediobasal lobe. Gonostylus 0.5 times as long as gonocoxite, arched, ending with a strong tooth. Cerci fused at base, forming one apically notched sclerite, setulose. Hypoproct entire, setulose, shorter than tips of cerci, with rounded tip. Parameres dorsally covered with dense tiny setae, and surrounding aedeagus. Aedeagus cylindrical, straight, slightly longer than parameres, with truncate tip. Female: (Fig. 29): Tergites 1–7 with 1–2 posterior rows of strong, hyaline, setae, and anterior trichoid sensilla; tergite 8 weakly sclerotized, about half width of tergite 7, divided into two sclerites. Sternites 2–7 with 1–2 posterior rows of hyaline setae. Ovipositor: segment 8 with lateral group of strong, curved, internally directed setae; membranous part rugose with papillae surrounded with tiny spines. Segment 9 (ovipositor trunk) with two sclerotized rods that widen posteriorly, forming weakly sclerotized triangular plate covered with tiny spines. Lateral plate bearing about 25 thick and strong setae. Aculeus straight, thick, tapered at apex, with two rows of tiny setae, every row consists of ~ 22 setae. Apical lamella rectangular and setose. Holotype. Female, Egypt, El-Amria district (30 ° 59 '54.00"N, 29 ° 49 '7.00"E), 4. VI. 2013, A. K. Elsayed reared from galls on male floral inflorescences of Atriplex halimus. Paratypes. All material from Egypt, El-Amria district, Alexandria, reared by A. K. Elsayed from galls on male floral inflorescences of A. halimus. 1 males, 12.VI. 2013; 1 male, 13.VI. 2013; 2 females, 14.VI. 2013; 2 females, 3 males, 16.VI. 2013; 4 males, 17.VI. 2013; 5 males, 2 females, 19.VI. 2013; 8 males, 20.VI. 2013; 1 female, 22.VI. 2013; 2 females, 24.VI. 2013. Distribution. Egypt (El-Amria district). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mrs. Marcela Skuhravá, the Czech entomologist and expert on the family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Biology. Larvae of S. skuhravae induce small, slight swellings (Fig. 9 and 10) on male floral inflorescences of the salt marsh plant Atriplex halimus. The gall consists of a single chamber, and pupation takes place inside it. The pupal exuviae protrude from the emergence hole, and can be distinguished by their hyaline color. The galls were collected and the adults emerged from the end of May to October 2013. Remarks. The genus Stefaniella contains 9 species (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Dorchin & Freidberg (2008) revised all the species and found no significant differences between them in morphological characters. They concluded that study of the immature stages is needed, and molecular study will be useful to determine relationships between the species. They added that the currently the best characters for distinguishing species of Stefaniella are those of their galls. There are two known species of Stefaniella that induce galls on A. halimus: S. atriplicis Kieffer, 1898 and S. trinacriae De Stefani, 1900 (Dorchin & Freidberg 2008, Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Stefaniella atriplicis induces small stem galls, each gall about 4–5 mm in diameter and multiple chambers (Skuhravá et al. 2007). Stefaniella trinacriae induces large galls on the stems, each gall about the size of a hazelnut and having multiple chambers. In contrast to the preceding species, S. skuhravae induces small galls on the male floral inflorescence, and each gall consists of only a single chamber. Therefore, we consider it to be a new species.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Skuhravá, Marcela, Karam, Hedaya Hamza, Elminshawy, Abdelaziz & Al-Eryan, Mohamed Awad, 2015, New records and new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) developing on Chenopodiaceae in Egypt, pp. 105-115 in Zootaxa 3904 (1) on pages 112-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23434
Baldratia karamae Elsayed and Skuhrava, new species
No full textBaldratia karamae Elsayed and Skuhravá, new species Adult description. Color (freshly emerged individuals): head black, antennae brown, thorax dark brown, wings smoky grey, legs light brown, upper and lower parts of abdomen dark brown, lateral parts red. Body length. 1.8 mm (n= 5) in female when the ovipositor not extended and 1.6 mm (n= 5) in male. Head (Fig. 11): Compound eyes with rounded facets, gap between eyes on vertex about 0-1 times as wide as facet. Palpi one-segmented; labella globular, setose, widely separated. Antenna 2 + 10 –segmented (n= 23), scape conical, pedicel rounded, flagellomeres 1–9 subequal, slightly longer than wide, each with two connected rings of circumfila in both sexes; male terminal flagellomere with circumfila arranged in a network pattern (Fig. 12); female terminal flagellomere (Fig. 13) consisting of the fusion of the three distal flagellomeres. Thorax: Wing (Fig. 14) length about 1.3 mm (n= 5) in male and 1.4 mm (n= 5) in female. Vein R 5 joining C approximately at mid-length; C broken behind the junction point with R 5; Sc and M present; CuA simple. Tarsal claws (Fig. 15) toothed and curved. Empodia shorter than claws. Hind legs of males much longer and thicker than fore- and midlegs of the female. Abdomen, Male: Tergites 1–7 rectangular with posterior row of setae; tergites 3–7 with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. Tergite 8 about 0.3 times as wide as tergite 7. Sternites rectangular; sternites 1 and 3–5 with posterior row of setae; sternites 2, 6 and 7 with two posterior rows of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 16): Gonostylus about 0.6 times as long as gonocoxite, arched, setulose and setose, apically with blunt tooth. Gonocoxite wide, massive with scattered long setae. Mediobasal lobes small. Cerci fused, notched, setose and setulose, with rounded tips. Hypoproct entire, rounded apically. Aedeagus slender, and rounded at apex, surrounded with wide setulose parameres. Female (Fig. 17): Tergites 2–7 rectangular, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla and posterior row of setae; tergite 8 about half tergite 7. Sternites rectangular; sternites 3–6 with posterior row of setae; sternites 6 and 7 with 1–2 posterior rows. Ovipositor (Fig. 18): segment 9 anteriorly with dorsal and ventral dark sclerotized patches, posteriorly with some hyaline setae; the two sclerotized rods widened basally. Lateral plate bears ~ 21 straight, hyaline, split setae. Aculeus concave ventrally, with three rows of strong, squamiform, apically hooked setae on the dorsal site. Sclerotized thin spine extends dorsally along the lateral plate. Apical lamella ovoid, densely covered with short setae. Holotype. Female, Egypt, El-Amria district (30 ° 59 '54.00"N, 29 ° 49 '7.00"E), 27.I. 2013, A. K. Elsayed, reared from pustule galls on leaves of Suaeda pruinosa. Paratypes. All from Egypt, Alexandria, and reared by A. K. Elsayed from leaf galls on Suaeda pruinosa. El- Amria district: 2 females, 1 male, 29.I. 2013; 2 females, 30.I. 2013; 1 female, 17.III. 2013; Abo-Talat district: 1 male, 7.III. 2013; 1 female, 27.IV. 2013; 1 female, 30.IV. 2013; Sidi Kreer district: 2 females, 1 male, 4.V. 2013; 1 female, 1 males, 5.V. 2013; 1 female, 1 male, 7.V. 2013; 4 females, 8.V. 2013; 1 female, 2 males, 15.V. 2013. Distribution. Egypt (Sidi Kreer, Abo-Talat, and El-Amria district). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mrs. Hedaya H. Karam, professor of Economic Entomology at Alexandria University, Egypt. Biology. Larvae of B. karamae develop inside leaves of S. pruinosa (Chenopodiaceae). Attacked leaves do not show any external signs of infestation except for a dark reddish spot, but can be recognized once adults have emerged, leaving behind emergence holes and the protruding pupal exuviae. Each gall consists of a single chamber in which pupation takes place. The adults were collected from plants from the end of January to the beginning of March, and from the end of April to the middle of October, 2013. Baldratia karamae may have more than two generations per year. Remarks. According to Fedotova (1991 a) the genus Baldratia is divided into five groups on the basis of morphological characters of adults. By reviewing these characters, it was clear that the new species, B. karamae, belongs to the salicorniae Group, which is characterized by the apical lamella positioned at an obtuse angle relative to segment 9, and the lateral plate embraces the entire base of the apical lobe. The salicorniae Group previously contained three species, viz. B. salicorniae, B. suaedifolia, and B. balchanensis (Fedotova 1991 a, 1992). The thin spine of the female ovipositor is longer and thinner in B. suaedifolia, and B. balchanensis than in B. salicorniae. This new species has a long thin spine that does not exceed the base of the aculeus, in contrast to B. balchanensis which has a longer thin spine. Baldratia suaedifolia has a thin spine covered with split setae, while it is bare in B. karamae. Currently only five gall midge species are known to be associated with the host plant Suaeda (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Two of them, B. aelleni Möhn, 1969, and B. suaedae Möhn, 1969, were described on the basis of larvae alone (Möhn 1969), and can therefore not be compared to other adults in the genus. Baldratia karamae larvae that develop in leaves of Suaeda pruinosa, differ from the three other species, viz. B. occulta Dorchin, 2001, associated with S. monoica Forssk; B. suaedifolia Fedotova, 1991, associated with Suaeda acuminata (Meyer); and B. terteriani Mamaev & Mirumian, 1990, associated with Suaeda altissima (L.), on the basis published descriptions of these species (Mamaev & Mirumian 1990, Fedotova 1991 a, Dorchin 2001). An unique feature of the B. karamae is the stable number of antennal flagellomeres (2 + 10) in both sexes, in contrast to other species of Baldratia which have a variable number of flagellomeres between the sexes, viz. B. suaedifolia (2 + 12 in female versus 2 + 10 in male), B. occulta (2 + 13-14 in female versus 2 + 12 in male), and B. terteriani (2 + 14 in female versus 2 + 12 in male). The lateral plate of the ovipositor of B. karamae is broad at its base, narrow in the middle and covered with split setae, but B. occulta has a lateral plate which is narrow at the base and bearing 10-15 straight setae, with split setae only on the basal part. The lateral plate of B. terteriani has a small lateral projection at the base that is not present in B. karamae.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Skuhravá, Marcela, Karam, Hedaya Hamza, Elminshawy, Abdelaziz & Al-Eryan, Mohamed Awad, 2015, New records and new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) developing on Chenopodiaceae in Egypt, pp. 105-115 in Zootaxa 3904 (1) on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23434
Effect of particle size distribution and printing parameters on alumina ceramics prepared by Additive Manufacturing
No full textVat photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing is a promising technology for the preparation of ceramic parts, owing to its short fabrication cycle and low manufacturing cost. However, its application is limited due to the low mechanical properties and deformation of ceramic parts. To improve the properties of ceramic parts, changing particle size and printing parameters have been found to be useful. Herein, alumina ceramic parts were prepared using three different powders with different particle size (Powder A: D50 = 1.3 mu m, D90 = 6.1 mu m; Powder B: D50 = 3.4 mu m, D90 = 10.0 mu m; Powder C: D50 = 1.3 mu m, D90 = 2.8 mu m), different layer thickness (50 mu m, 75 mu m, 100 mu m), and different curing times (1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 8 s). The ceramics prepared with Powder A and Powder C, which possessed the same D50, had almost the same flexural strength, indicating that the flexural strength is closely related to the particle size and its distribution. With the increase in layer thickness, the flexural strength was increased. When the layer thickness was 100 mu m, the flexural strength reached 18.5 MPa when samples were prepared with Powder A and Powder C. At the same time, the flexural strength firstly increased and subsequently decreased with increasing curing time. Based on the flexural strength and shrinkage of the sintered ceramics, using Powder A, layer thickness of 50 mu m, and curing time of 5 s were regarded as the best fabrication conditions. The results indicate that adjusting powder particle size distribution, layer thickness, and curing time are promising methods for the fabrication of 3D printed ceramics with optimized properties
Neochrysocharis conglomeratae Doganlar
No full textNeochrysocharis conglomeratae Doğanlar Material examined. None. Previous records from Egypt. Al Ameria (Alexandria) (Doğanlar & Elsayed 2013). Distribution. Egypt (Doğanlar & Elsayed 2013). Host records. In Egypt, it has been reported from Asphondylia conglemerata De Steffani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the Mediterranean saltbush, Atriplex halimus (Doğanlar & Elsayed 2013).Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/23657
Experimental and numerical investigations of aerodynamic characteristics for wind turbine airfoil using multi-suction jets
No full textThe present work investigates the effects of multi-suction jets on the NACA 0012 airfoil's aerodynamic characteristics
at Reynolds number Re equal 0.54 × 105. Experiments and numerical simulations are carried out to this
purpose. The surface of the airfoil is equipped with multiple suction slots, and aerodynamic forces are measured
as a result. Numerical simulations are employed to illustrate the flow structures on both the modified and unmodified
airfoils. The study examines how the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, stall angle, and flow separation
are influenced by the location of the airfoil surface suction jets, suction pressure values, and the number of suction
slots. Additionally, the study investigates flow reattachments to identify the optimal control case. The results
demonstrated that the multiple suction jets along the airfoil blade's upper surface have the best lift coefficient increment
performance. In particular, the results showed that maximum improvements in lift coefficient, CL, is attained
as 480%, at a stall angle of attack (AOA) equal to 22° and flow speed of 8 m/s using numerical simulation
with the suction slot. The experimental results showed that lift coefficient improvements, CL, reached 55.7% using
suction holes at a stall AOA equal to 16° and a flow speed of 8 m/s. In addition, the CL, CD, CL/CD, and separation
flow are very sensitive to the suction jet location and the use of the multi-suction technique simultaneously
Kolopterna aymani Doganlar
No full textKolopterna aymani Doğanlar Material examined. None. Previous records from Egypt. Al Ameria (Alexandria) (31 °01' 24 "N, 29 ° 49 ' 48 "E) (Doğanlar & Elsayed 2013). Distribution. Egypt (Doğanlar & Elsayed 2013). Host records. It has been reported as a parasite of Asphondylia conglomerate De Stefani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Atriplex halimus (Doğanlar & Elsayed 2013).Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Yefremova, Zoya A., Yegorenkova, Ekaterina N., Soliman, Ahmed M., Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M. & Edmardash, Yusuf A., 2015, A review of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Egypt, with thirty three new records in Zootaxa 4058 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/23657
Ametrodiplosis adetos Elsayed, Yukawa & Tokuda 2021, n. sp.
No full text<i>Ametrodiplosis adetos</i> Elsayed, Yukawa & Tokuda, n. sp. <p>[Figures 4–5 & 10–26]</p> <p> <i>Adult</i>. <i>Head</i>. Eyes connate; facets round, 7–8 facets long at vertex. Occiput with short dorsal protuberance (Fig. 10). Antenna: flagellomere XII with microtrichose, narrow apical prolongation (Figs 12–13); female flagellomeres cylindrical, with bare necks, node about twice as long as neck (Figs 12, 14); male flagellomeres with bare internode, evanescing after flagellomere VII (Figs 13, 15). Frons with 8–12 setae (n = 4). Mouthparts (Figs 10, 11): labrum pointed, without microtrichia, with 6–8 short setae (n = 4); hypopharynx elongate, pointed, with long microtrichia on margins; labellum elongate, narrow in frontal view, with 5–7 strong setae (n = 4); palpus 4-segmented, with noticeable palpiger, segments usually consecutively longer, but in one specimen palpal segment II as long as III.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Wing (Figs 4, 5) 1.5 mm long in females (n = 2), 1.3–1.4 mm long in males (n = 3); R 1 joining C before wing mid-length; R 5 strongly curved distally, joining C posteriad of wing apex; C broken after conjunction with R 5. Acromere (Fig. 16): claws untoothed, bent and slightly widened after midlength; empodia slightly shorter than claws; pulvilli ca. 0.3 times shorter than claws. Scutum with 4 longitudinal rows of setae; scutellum laterally with 6–7 setae (n = 4). Anepimeron with 4–5 setae (n = 4); anepisternum with 1–3 scales (n = 4); katepisternum bare.</p> <p> <i>Female abdomen</i> (Fig. 17). Tergites I–VII with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla; tergites I–VI rectangular, with few lateral setae, sparse scattered scales and 1 row of posterior setae; tergite VII with few lateral setae and 2 rows of posterior setae; tergite VIII membranous, differentiated from remainder of tergum only by anterior pair of trichoid sensilla and a few setae posteriorly. Sternites II–VI with scattered setae and setiform scales near midlength, and 1 row of posterior setae; sternites III–VII with anteromedial pair of trichoid sensilla located intersegmentally; sternite VII with scattered setae and few scales near midlength and 2 rows of posterior setae; sternite VIII differentiated from remainder of sternum only by anterior pair of lateral trichoid sensilla. Ovipositor (Fig. 18): protrusible portion bare dorsally, mostly covered with short and few long setae ventrally; cerci ovoid, ca. 2.3 times longer than wide, with short setae and 2 apicoventral setae slightly thicker and longer than surrounding setae; hypoproct with 2 apical setae.</p> <p> <i>Male abdomen</i> (Fig. 19). Tergites I–VI as in female but with fewer scales; tergite VII with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, 2 setae each placed posterolaterally, without scales; tergite 8 differentiated from remainder of tergum only by anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. Sternites II–VII as in female; sternite VIII short, about 0.5 as wide as sternite VII, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla placed intersegmentally, and posterior and midlength groups of setae coalesced. Terminalia (Figs 20, 21): gonocoxite narrowly cylindrical except for prominent mediobasal lobe slightly before midlength; gonostylus microtrichose basally, carinate and setose distally, with cluster of setae on base ventrally; each lobe of cerci trapezoid, microtrichose, with few setae along posterior margin; hypoproct longer than cerci, with microtrichia on distal half, bilobed, each lobe with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral subapical seta; aedeagus longer than hypoproct, slightly tapered to narrow and rounded apex, with lateral sensoria on posterior half; basal portion of aedeagus not extending anteriorly beyond base line of gonocoxite.</p> <p> <i>Pupal exuviae</i>. Antennal base with tiny, pointed anteroventral umbo-like sclerotized prolongation, antennal papillae invisible. Vertex with 2 cephalic papillae on each side, outermost papillae with long seta. Face with 2 setose and 2 asetose median papillae, and triplet lateral papillae on each side, 2 asetose and 1 setose (Fig. 22). Prothoracic spiracles (Fig. 23) pigmented, elongate, 24–27 μm long (n = 4), curved, with trachea extending to tip, ca. 4.5 times longer than cephalic seta. Segments II–VI with rudimentary abdominal spiracles. Terga I–VIII with pair of trichoid sensilla anteriorly and short spicules on anterior third; terga II–VIII with 2–3 horizontal rows of spine-like spicules on anteromedian third; terga I–VII with 2 asetose and 4 setose dorsal papillae; tergum VIII with 2 setose dorsal papillae.</p> <p> <i>Larva. Third instar</i>. In life creamy white, body cylindrical. Spatula with rounded lobes (Fig. 24). Ventral and dorsal papillar pattern basic for Cecidomyiidi (Möhn 1955). Terminal segment: ventrally (Fig. 25) with smooth median perineal pads each bearing 1 asetose anal papilla, 2 posterolateral smooth plaques each bearing 2 asetose anal papillae, surface anterior and lateral to anus covered with pointed and raised cuticular warts; anal opening surrounded by microtrichia; dorsally (Fig. 26) covered with tiny pointed verrucae and with 2 long setose papillae and 6 large corniform papillae, most anterior 2 corniform papillae thinner than others, innermost 2 shorter than others.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species name is derived from the Greek word “adetos”, meaning free, for the fact that the larvae live freely in the flowers of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> without gall-induction.</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> 1♂ (ELKU): Reared by A. K. Elsayed and emerged on 5.viii.2019 from a flower of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> collected by A. K. Elsayed & K. Mochizuki in Shiramine Village, Hakusan City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan on 16.vii.2019.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> All collected from flowers of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> in Japan; 5 larvae: collected on 8.ix.2019 by K. Mochizuki & S. Nemoto in Shirakawa City, Fukushima, Japan. The remaining paratypes were collected at the type locality by A. K. Elsayed & K. Mochizuki and reared by A. K. Elsayed: 3 pupal exuviae & 2 ♀♀: emerged on 1.viii.2019; 1 pupal exuviae & 1♂: emerged on 5.viii.2019; 2 pupal exuviae: emerged on 2.viii.2019; 1 pupal exuviae & 1♀: emerged on 30.vii.2019; 2 ♀♀: emerged on 14.vii.2019; 3 ♀♀: emerged on 2.viii.2019; 4 larvae: collected on 16.vii.2019.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Japan, Honshu: Ishikawa and Fukushima Prefectures.</p> <p> <b>Life history and biological notes</b>. Larvae of <i>A. adetos</i> are ectophagous on the flowers of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> (Apocynaceae) and do not induce galls (Fig. 1). Pupation takes place in the soil. In the laboratory, the adults emerged 2–3 weeks after larvae were transferred to rearing cups. <i>Ametrodiplosis adetos</i> has several overlapping generations in summer due to the long flowering season of <i>T. aristolochioides</i> that extends from July to September.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Ametrodiplosis adetos</i> is most similar to <i>A</i>. <i>mamajevi</i> Kovalev, 1972, sharing with it the curved R 5 distally, narrow gonocoxites, mediobasal lobes placed on the basal half of gonocoxites and trapezoid lobes of cerci. They can be distinguished as follows: aedeagal base ends before gonocoxal bases in <i>A</i>. <i>adetos</i> but exceeds the gonocoxal bases in <i>A</i>. <i>mamajevi</i>; mediobasal lobes are more pronounced in <i>A</i>. <i>adetos</i>; and the male flagellomere XII ends with a narrow apical prolongation in <i>A</i>. <i>adetos</i> but lacks the apical prolongation in <i>A</i>. <i>mamajevi</i> (Kovalev 1972).</p>Published as part of <i>Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Yukawa, Junichi, Mochizuki, Ko, Tokuda, Makoto & Kawakita, Atsushi, 2021, Three new species of Ametrodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species and a molecular phylogenetic analysis, pp. 151-172 in Zootaxa 4942 (2)</i> on pages 155-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4600392">http://zenodo.org/record/4600392</a>
The Environmental Monitoring Campaign of the Museum of the Faculty of Archaeology of the Sohag University (Egypt)
No full textThis paper describes a complete solution to assess the environmental conditions and the atmosphere aggressiveness in a museum indoor environment. The monitoring system is based on a wireless network composed of small sensors, designed to satisfy the requirements for their employment in the Cultural Heritage field. The sensors are stand-Alone devices able to measure temperature and relative humidity for long times, connected through a wireless link to a small receiver for routing data to a cloud system. Cloud data can be accessed from everywhere in real time through smart-phones and easily downloaded for further analyses. The proposed system also contains a set of reference specimens coated with a Cu nanostructured films deposited by plasma sputtering located close to the sensors to assess the atmosphere aggressiveness. The results of a monitoring campaign lasted for one year in the museum of the Faculty of Archaeology of the Sohag University in Egypt, are discussed
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