163 research outputs found
Value annotation of web resources: the ValueML Language
No full textIn the multimedia design field, we have recently witnessed a shift of focus from products and the user' s experience to social effects of technologies and the quality of life. In this context, values play an important role. They may be inscribed within an artifact as symbolic meanings or as a built- in use consequence. In spite of their growing relevance, there is not yet a markup language for value annotation. This paper describes a proposal for filling this gap. After a brief review of various perspectives on the concept of value and relevant taxonomies, we discuss the syntax and semantics of a preliminary version of the ValueML language together with an example of annotation of a commercial video clip
The environmental dimension of the dieselgate: A European and international legal perspective
No full textThis book explains, compares and assesses the legal implications of Dieselgate within a range of selected jurisdictions and at the EU, international and comparative law level.The book analyses the US EPA-VW $14.7 billion dollar settlement of 2016, one of the largest civil settlements in the history of environmental law. As it shows, the Dieselgate affair has raised a host of issues concerning corporate and social responsibility, tort liability, environmental liability, contractual defective products, warranty, and false environmental claims in a range of jurisdictions. Issues like repurchasing or retrofitting cars from consumers and making direct payments to consumers through car buy-backs and compensation are analysed. Further, the book relates how Dieselgate has also contributed to the discussion about the introduction of more effective collective measures of redress for consumers, such as class actions, in Germany, France, Italy and the UK.The book subsequently reviews the criminal offences Volkswagen is currently confronted with in Germany, France and Italy, i.e. fraud and manipulation of capital markets (by belatedly providing shareholders with essential information relevant for the share value), and, potentially, environmental crimes. It demonstrates how Dieselgate has sparked new debates in Germany, Italy, France and the UK about the need to introduce enterprise liability for organised crimes, lack of compliance and control structures, and intentional violations of the law.Lastly, the book discusses how EU law has sought to respond to Dieselgate and thus investigates the controversial EU Regulation No. 2016/646 introducing a âtemporary conformity factorâ of 2.1 (equivalent to a 110% increase on the current limit) to be applied for NOx in the new RDE testing cycle, and the works of the EU committee of inquiry into Emissions Measurements in the Automotive Sector (EMIS)
L’attuazione del Protocollo di Kyoto e l’istituzione della Autorità Nazionale Designata (DNA) nella ex Repubblica iugoslava di Macedonia
No full textPaving the Road to Legitimacy for CDM Institutions and Procedures : Learning from Other Experiences in International Environmental Governance
No full textThe Clean Development Mechanism operates on a multilevel and constantly evolving normative basis. It was established by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and has evolved in light of decisions adopted at further Conferences of the Parties and through the delegation of action to another level of regulation, i.e., the CDM Executive Board and its Panels and Working Groups. The uncertainty regarding the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, together with the unstable legal basis of the CDM and the "learning by doing" approach adopted in its implementation, have subjected the CDM to growing criticism. The author suggests that this criticism is an expression of broader concerns related to the effectiveness and the legitimacy of international environmental governance. This study considers the impact of recent developments during the last Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on these broader concerns of legitimacy. It then reviews other financial institutions sharing common features with the CDM, in particular, the World Bank "family" institutions, including the Global Environmental Facility and the Inspection Panel
The Kyoto Protocol’s compliance mechanism
No full textThe Kyoto Protocol provides for a very sophisticated compliance mechanism to address cases of non-compliance with reporting and substantive commitments relating to climate change. The legal basis of the mechanism is found in art. 18 of the Kyoto Protocol. More specific rules for its functioning have been further developed by decisions of the plenary body and of the Compliance Committee. This chapter examines the institutional and procedural aspects of this mechanism that show unprecedented features of impartiality, due process and effectiveness. Furthermore, it analyses the practice of the Compliance
Committee until the beginning of 2015 in facilitating and enforcing compliance and highlights its strengths and weaknesses, stressing the importance of this review system also in view of the future climate agreement
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985 (Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer)
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