287 research outputs found
Surface deformations and gravity changes caused by pressurized finite ellipsoidal cavities
No full textWe develop quasi-analytical solutions for the surface deformation field and gravity changes due to the pressurization of a finite (triaxial) ellipsoidal cavity in a half-space. The solution is in the form of a non-uniform distribution of triaxial point sources within the cavity. The point sources have the same aspect ratio, determined by the cavity shape, while their strengths and spacing are determined in an adaptive manner, such that the net point-source potency per unit volume is uniform. We validate and compare our solution with analytical and numerical solutions. We provide computationally efficient MATLAB codes tailored for source inversions. This solution opens the possibility of exploring the geometry of shallow magma chambers for potential deviations from axial symmetry
Re: Indwelling Ureteral Stents and Sexual Health: A Prospective, Multivariate Analysis. M. C. Sighinolfi, S. Micali, S. De Stefani, A. Mofferdin, M. Grande, M. Giacometti, N. Ferrari, M. Rivalta and G. Bianchi J Urol 2007; 178: 229-231
No full textReply by Authors
During the last few decades progress in endourology has led to a widespread application of such techniques, and procedures such as ureteral stenting and nephrostomic drainage have become routinely adopted. As a result, the number of patients dealing with these devices has rapidly increased, thus focusing attention on the related quality of life.
Consistent with this statement, Joshi et al developed the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire in 2003,1 which represents a validated instrument to assess stent related bother, concerns and impact on global quality of life. [5] and [7] The USSQ actually addresses in a proper and detailed approach the whole of urinary symptoms, as well as the consequent bother that so frequently affects these patients. Domains regarding pain and stent related therapies (antibiotics, painkillers) are accurately designed. Furthermore, work, occupation, social activities and relationships are considered with regard to ureteral stent permanence. Sexuality is assessed in the questionnaire by 4 questions, investigating the presence vs absence of sexual activity, and then dealing with pain and sexual satisfaction. As a result, all crucial points of stent related sexuality are analyzed according to the questionnaire.
However, the aim of our study was to perform a detailed analysis of all the domains connected to sexuality in both genders with particular attention to erectile function, which has been so widely addressed in the last decade.8 Moreover, since female sexuality represents a complexity of events, we attempted to investigate all steps of the process to emphasize the critical points. In this setting the use of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 and the Female Sexual Function Index seems to be an adequate choice, matching our aims more properly. Furthermore, an additional end point of the study was to investigate thoroughly the sequential changes that occur in sexual health before and after stent insertion, and this goal can be achieved only with specific questionnaires administered to the patient before the procedure.
Since the recent literature focuses on the relationship between erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms,9 we analyzed the correlation between urinary complaints and sexual dysfunction. Although this outcome can be assessed even with the USSQ, the use of specific questionnaires considering different sorts of symptoms is highly recommended to perform a critical and statistical analysis. Behind this consideration, our outcomes are consistent with those previously reported in other studies.
Ureteral stenting is a simple and safe procedure for the urologist but has significant consequences on the routine life of the patient in all of its main areas. The USSQ is a consistent and reliable instrument to analyze those concerns, and physicians have to consider this tool in urological practice.
References
1H.B. Joshi, N. Newns, A. Stainthorpe, R.P. MacDonagh, F.X. Keeley Jr, A.G. Timoney
Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire: development and validation of a multidimensional quality of life measur
Bimetallic Co-M (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) Carbonyl Complexes Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, Computational Investigation, and Catalysis for Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation
No full textThe reaction of Na[Co(CO)4] with M(IPr)Cl (M = Cu, Ag, and Au; IPr = C3N2H2(C6H3iPr2)2) affords the neutral heterometallic complexes [Co(CO)4{M(IPr)}] (M = Cu, 1; Ag, 2; and Au, 3). Formation of 2 is accompanied by traces of [Ag(IPr)2][Ag{Co(CO)4}2] (4). The reaction of Na[Co(CO)4] with M(IMes)Cl (IMes = C3N2H2(C6H2Me3)2) results in mixtures of [Co(CO)4{M(IMes)}] (M = Cu, 5; Ag, 6; and Au, 7) and [M(IMes)2][M{Co(CO)4}2] (M = Cu, 8; Ag, 9; and Au, 10). In the cases of Cu and Ag, ionic complexes 8 and 9 are the major products, whereas neutral species 7 is the major product for Au. All species 1-10 have been spectroscopically characterized by IR and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the molecular structures of 2, 3, and 8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Bimetallic Co-M-NHC complexes 1-3 and 7-9 have been tested as catalysts for the dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane (AB) in THF as solvent, and their performances compared to [Fe(CO)4{M(NHC)}2], M(NHC)Cl, and Na[Co(CO)4]. DFT computations have been performed to provide information on the structure, IR spectroscopy, and the thermodynamics of Co-M carbonyl clusters
Polymerization isomerism in co-m (M = cu, ag, au) carbonyl clusters: Synthesis, structures and computational investigation
No full textThe reaction of [Co(CO)4 ]− (1) with M(I) compounds (M = Cu, Ag, Au) was reinvestigated unraveling an unprecedented case of polymerization isomerism. Thus, as previously reported, the trinuclear clusters [M{Co(CO)4 }2 ]− (M = Cu, 2; Ag, 3; Au, 4) were obtained by reacting 1 with M(I) in a 2:1 molar ratio. Their molecular structures were corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) on isomorphous [NEt4 ][M{Co(CO)4 }2 ] salts. [NEt4](3)represented the first structural characterization of 3. More interestingly, changing the crystallization conditions of solutions of 3, the hexanuclear cluster [Ag2 {Co(CO)4 }4 ]2− (5) was obtained in the solid state instead of 3. Its molecular structure was determined by SC-XRD as Na2 (5)·C4H6O2, [PPN]2 (5)·C5H12 (PPN = N(PPh3)2 ]+), [NBu4 ]2 (5) and [NMe4 ]2 (5) salts. 5 may be viewed as a dimer of 3 and, thus, it represents a rare case of polymerization isomerism (that is, two compounds having the same elemental composition but different molecular weights) in cluster chemistry. The phenomenon was further studied in solution by IR and ESI-MS measurements and theoretically investigated by computational methods. Both experimental evidence and density functional theory (DFT) calculations clearly pointed out that the dimerization process occurs in the solid state only in the case of Ag, whereas Cu and Au related species exist only as monomers
TOWARD THE ACCURATE SIMULATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC SPECTRA
No full textTwo-dimensional pump-probe electronic spectroscopy is a powerful technique able to provide both high spectral and temporal resolution, allowing the analysis of ultrafast complex reactions occurring via complementary pathways by the identification of decay-specific fingerprints. [1-2]
The understanding of the origin of the experimentally recorded signals in a two-dimensional electronic spectrum requires the characterization of the electronic states involved in the electronic transitions photoinduced by the pump/probe pulses in the experiment. Such a goal constitutes a considerable computational challenge, since up to 100 states need to be described, for which state-of-the-art methods as RASSCF and RASPT2 have to be wisely employed. [3]
With the present contribution, the main features and potentialities of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy are presented, together with the machinery in continuous development in our groups in order to compute two-dimensional electronic spectra. The results obtained using different level of theory and simulations are shown, bringing as examples the computed two-dimensional electronic spectra for some specific cases studied. [2-4]
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[1] Rivalta I, Nenov A, Cerullo G, Mukamel S, Garavelli M, Int. J. Quantum Chem., 2014, 114, 85
[2] Nenov A, Segarra-Martﾒ J, Giussani A, Conti I, Rivalta I, Dumont E, Jaiswal V K, Altavilla S, Mukamel S, Garavelli M, Faraday Discuss. 2015, DOI: 10.1039/C4FD00175C
[3] Nenov A, Giussani A, Segarra-Martﾒ J, Jaiswal V K, Rivalta I, Cerullo G, Mukamel S, Garavelli M, J. Chem. Phys. submitted
[4] Nenov A, Giussani A, Fingerhut B P, Rivalta I, Dumont E, Mukamel S, Garavelli M, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. Submitted
[5] Krebs N, Pugliesi I, Hauer J, Riedle E, New J. Phys., 2013,15, 08501Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T20:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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A numerical model of dike propagation in layered elastic media
No full textWe develop a mathematical model describing dike propagation in proximity of an elastic discontinuity of the embedding medium. The dike is modelled as a fluid-filled crack in plane strain configuration employing the boundary element method. The pressure gradient along the crack is assumed proportional to the difference between the densities of the host rock and the fluid. Mass conservation is imposed during propagation and fluid compressibility is taken into account. The path followed by the crack is found by maximising the total energy release, given by the sum of the elastic and gravitational contributions. The mathematical simulations provide a sort of “refraction phenomenon”, that is a sudden change in the direction of propagation when the crack crosses the boundary separating different rigidities: if the dike enters a softer medium, its path deviates toward the vertical, if the dike enters a harder medium its path deviates away from the vertical and may even become arrested as a horizontal sill along the interface, if the rigidity contrast is large. Gravitational energy plays a major role during propagation; in particular, in proximity of layer boundaries, this role is enhanced by the shift of the centre of mass due to changes of dike shape. Mathematical results, were validated by laboratory experiments performed injecting tilted air-filled cracks through gelatin layers with different rigidities
Rivalta: origini e tramonto di un comune rurale tra il Crostolo e la Modolena
No full textIl saggio tratteggia le linee più importanti e gli avvenimenti principali della storia di Rivalta, oggi frazione di Reggio Emilia, nel Medioevo collocata in posizione strategica tra la città e la zona collinare
Buoyancy-driven fracture ascent: Experiments in layered gelatine
No full textLaboratory experiments on air-filled fracture propagation in solidified homogeneous and layered gelatine have been carried out, providing an analogue model for magma-filled dikes ascending in the crust. The effects of layering on fracture velocity and shape have been analyzed in detail. The free surface is found to accelerate approaching fractures. Layering accelerates or decelerates fractures approaching discontinuities of the elastic parameters, depending on the value of the rigidity contrast. The shape of fractures are strongly influenced as they pass from one layer to another. The observed cross-sectional shape when crossing a layer interface and the acceleration with decreasing rigidity can be explained with theoretical models. Our experiments also reproduce the arrest of fractures in proximity of joints and the formation of sills in the layer below the interface. These findings could help in the interpretation of accelerated seismicity and deformation rates observed in volcanic areas
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