86 research outputs found
Le invenzioni di Steven M. Johnson. Un’intervista / The Inventions of Steven M. Johnson. An Interview
No full textC’è un uomo che dall’inizio degli anni ’70 inventa oggetti, capi d’abbigliamento, veicoli e qualunque tipo di accessorio utile all’uomo moderno. Le sue non sono invenzioni normali e quindi non produce canonici disegni di brevetto, si tratta bensì di oggetti incredibili e straordinari dai disegni altrettanto interessanti. Parliamo di cose come la Yogamobile (una macchina dove si guida stando seduti nella posizione del loto), la Tenda in Roccia (una tenda che imita una roccia per mimetizzarsi e difendersi dai predatori notturni) o l’Elmo da Pranzo (un cestino del pranzo che all’occorrenza si trasforma in un pratico elmo). Attraverso un’intensa attività di disegno (che esegue anche in macchina attraverso un tavolino inventato da lui stesso) Steven M. Johnson, californiano classe 1938, ha dato forma a un corpus di migliaia e migliaia di invenzioni. Nel suo sito, le raccoglie sotto il nome di Patent Depending, un gioco di parole quasi intraducibile che gioca sul concetto del brevetto in sospeso. Le sue rappresentazioni sono precise e particolareggiate, caratterizzate da una pulizia atta a far capire al meglio le sue assurde idee. Sono illustrazioni realizzate con un pennino nero che offre un tratto netto e pulito, particolarmente minuziose e leggibili, che a seconda dell’intento possono essere in bianco e nero o colorate in digitale. La loro cura visiva è molto simile alle istruzioni d’emergenza (presenti sugli aerei o per impedire i soffocamenti) che cozzano con la carica inventiva degli oggetti presentati creando una dissonanza che sfocia in stupore e divertimento. Attraverso un’intervista all’autore si ripercorrono i passi della sua formazione, le sue influenze e ciò che lo ha ispirato, il suo modus operandi così come le sua tecnica di disegno, la sua vita in California, i suoi progetti futuri, fino ad arrivare alle motivazioni che si celano dietro questo estenuante lavoro di invenzione. Un lavoro di rara coerenza grafica, con grande perizia nel rendere comprensibili le invenzioni e l’incredibile capacità di prevedere mode e necessità future. Un viaggio all’interno alle illustrazioni del più grande (e sconosciuto) inventore degli ultimi 50 anni
Fedot Kuzmicev, un servo della gleba nella campagna contro Napoleone. Guerra e letteratura popolare in Russia ai tempi di Gogol'
No full textThe author analyzes the tales on 1812 campaign against Napoleon written by an almost unknown Russian popular writer, Fedot Kuzmicev. Kuzmicev took part to the campaign against Napoleon as a serf of Countess Golicyna. After he came back from France, he wrote several long tales (fictional works with autobiographical elements)which enjoyed success among the Russian popular readers in 30's and 40's of the Nineteenth Century
Kak krestjane citali Gogolja. Popytka rekonstrukcii recepcii
No full textThe author analyzes the response of the Russian peasant readers to the works of Nicholas Gogol. The work is based on different kind of sources, such as popular versions of the original works by Gogol, as well as notes and comments by teachers of peasant schools or notes by peasants
Ty ne sebe prinadlezhish...: Sub’’ekt i vlast’ v rannich dnevnikach Aleksandra II (1826-1839)
No full textThis article analyses the personal journal of Aleksandr Nikolaevich (the future Alexander II) when he was heir to the throne from 1825 to 1839. Held at the Russian State Archive in Moscow (GARF), the journal has not yet received significant scholarly attention. The article examines Aleksandr’s journal in the context of a romantic culture of intimate journaling at the court of Tsar Nicholas I, and, in particular, outlines four different models of journals available to the heir while composing his diary: (i) the diary of his mother, the Empress Aleksandra Fedorovna; (ii) that of his father, Tsar Nicholas I; (iii) that of his tutor Vasilii Zhukovskii; (iv) that of his governor Karl Merder. The author demonstrates how Aleksandr Nikolaevich’s journal in its design, language and its choice of subjects openly rejects the model of romantic journal embodied by his mother, while also rejecting Zhukovskii’s model, which treats the diary as a form of discovery and expression of the author’s intimate self. The author reveals how the heir’s diary is modelled after that of his father’s journal, who interpreted the diary as a tool of self control and self discipline
Russkie istoriceskie romany 30ch godov XIX veka
No full textThe author analyzes the characteristic features of the first Russian historical novels (93 novels starting from 1829 to 1839). The authors points out the important role played by this new literary genre in the development of XIX Century Russian prose as well as in the context of the history of books in Russia
Letture al Palazzo d'Inverno (1828-1855) : la lettura come fatto sociale
No full textThe article describes the readings and the practices of reading at the Court of the Tsar Nicholas I. The author underlines the social impact of the readings at the court on the Russian society
V.A. Zhukovskij, Alessandro II e la 'storia universale'
No full textIn this paper, the Author analyses an important aspect of Tsar Alexander II’s education – his historical background – with particular regard to universal history. Drawing on a series of so-far-unused sources – the young prince’s and his tutor’s notebooks, diaries, library registers – the Author highlights the key contribution made by some historians from the University of Göttingen such as August Schlözer, Johannes Müller and Arnold Heeren. These showed the future tsar a strictly science-based historical perspective, which favoured a comparative and contrastive approach. Thanks to these historians’ manuals and works, and with Žukovskij’s mediation, universal history was thus presented to the future tsar as a system, a field of political, economic and social forces strongly intertwined, from which Russia could not be excluded. Analysing the texts Žukovskij read with his pupil – from memoirs on the French revolution to the French liberal historians’ works – and the learning method itself – based on graphics-only synchronic charts – what emerges is a sophisticated pedagogic strategy, applied by the tutor to undermine some of the cultural myths absorbed by the young prince from his family and at court. This new perspective thus rectifies the well-established critical view that identified the reforming tsar’s education as romantic-sentimental
Comment les paysans russe lisaient leurs classiques : Le cas de Nicolas Gogol
No full textWhat is the study of the reception of a great author by and within a social group? On the one hand, a discourse on the conditions of the reception, which may be described in terms of domination-submission, at least referring to what is perceived. On the other, a discourse on the specific stylistic features of certain textual structures and on the possible tactics of appropriation of those structures by the group. In studying the reception of Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852) by the peasant world, we draw from two types of sources: some re-elaborated versions of Gogol’s works made by popular authors for a peasant audience in the 1880s; the transcriptions of the verbal reactions of groups of peasants during the reading of Gogol’s texts, recorded by village schoolmasters in that period. In our research we try to shed light on the the pressures suffered by the peasants in taking possession of Gogol’s prose. At the same time, we highlight the resistance and the difference in meaning between what is proposed by Gogol’s text and what is made of it by the peasant reader. As a result, the image of Gogol’s work returned by peasants is not a simply mutilated, rounded down, inadequate image. It is a work in which the descriptions of nature, the metaphors and the similes tend to transform into a myriad of characters and micro-stories that intersect and intertwine in the plot designed by the author in a way that seems to educated observers apparently unexpected and incoherent
Naucnaja diglossija v istoriceskom obrazovanii Aleksandra II (Lekcii o Petre Velikom)
No full textThe article focuses on the historical education of the Tsar Alexander II. A special attention is payed to the Tsar's education in the field of the Russian history, focusing in particular on the role of Peter the Great. The author analyzes the different scientific languages and approaches used by his history teachers and their interaction
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