65 research outputs found
Different in vitro response to rIL-1β of newborn and adult rat astroglia
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International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
Volume 9, Issue 5, 1991, Pages 501-507
Different in vitro response to rIL-1β of newborn and adult rat astroglia (Article)
Colasanti, M.a,
Ramacci, M.T.b,
Foresta, P.c,
Lauro, G.M.a
a Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università La Sapienza, Via degli Apuli, 1-00185 Roma, Italy
b Istituto per la Ricerca sulla Senescenza. SIGMA-TAU, Pomezia, Italy
View references (17)
Abstract
In recent literature, lymphokines have been reported to be able to promote both proliferation and maturation of some glial populations. In this paper, we compare the effect of rIL-1 on newborn and adult rat astroglial cells in vitro. In newborn, but not in adult astrocytes, 100 U/ml of rIL-1β increase [3H]thymidine incorporation with a maximal response by 3 days as compared to the control untreated culture. In contrast, rIL-1β induces an increase of GFAP immunoreactivity both in newborn and in adult astrocytes, as compared to the control untreated cells. These data indicate that, while both newborn and adult astroglial cells are capable of responding to rIL-1β, only newborn astrocytes can respond to this lymphokine with proliferation. Thus, it appears likely that different factors, other than rIL-1β, are needed by adult astrocytes to proliferate
Propionyl-L-carnitine prevents the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in aged hyperlipemic rabbits
No full textWe have characterized the extent and the phenotype of total and proliferating cell-population of aortic plaques in aged rabbits receiving a long-term low-dose cholesterol hyperlipemic diet, which represents an experimental model of atherosclerosis. For nine months, rabbits received the hypercholesterolemic diet alone or in addition to a treatment with propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC), a derivative of carnitine, an intramitochondrial carrier of fatty acids present in most cell types. We observed that, in both PLC-treated and control hyperlipemic rabbits, the ratio between proliferating macrophage-derived and smooth muscle cells was 2:1. PLC in addition to the hypercholesterolemic diet induced a marked lowering of plasma triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides, while plasma cholesterol was slightly and transiently reduced. Moreover, PLC-treated hyperlipemic rabbits exhibited a reduction of plaque thickness and extent, a slight but significant reduction of the percentage of macrophage-derived cells as compared to control hyperlipemic animals and a reduction of the number of both proliferating macrophage- and smooth muscle cell-derived foam cells. Finally, both proliferating and non-proliferating plaque cells expressed large amounts of macrophage colony-stimulating factor protein, in particular macrophage-derived foam cells. These results indicate that a modification of plasma lipemic pattern obtained by a long-term oral administration of PLC was associated with a decrease of plaque cell proliferation and severity of aortic atherosclerotic lesions
Transient cerebral ischemia in the rat: a study by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
No full textThe energy state and the levels of metabolites involved in the phospholipid turnover during and following a transient cerebral ischemia have been evaluated with the aids of 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ischemia was induced by electrocoagulation of vertebral arteries in combination with transient occlusion of both common carotid arteries. After 10-min ischemia, the brain energy charge and the levels of high-energy phosphates were reduced, whereas lactic acid levels had undergone an 8-fold increase. Sixty minutes after cerebral blood flow recovery, brain energy charge and levels of high-energy phosphates returned to basal values, whereas lactic acid levels remained persistingly elevated; an increase in phosphocreatine was also observed. At this same time, glycerolphosphorylcholine levels were found to be significantly reduced
Disinhibition of the hypothalamo pituitary adrenocortical axis as a marker of brain aging in the rat: a model for the study of anti aging agents
No full textAge-dependent increase of rabbit aortic atherosclerosis. A morphometric approach
No full textAging has been indicated as one of the major risk factors for development of atherosclerotic lesions, although the role aging plays, lacks accurate evaluation. Our study was aimed at quantitatively defining such a role by using morphometric analysis. Aged (median age 3 years and 8 months) and young (4 months) white New Zealand rabbits received a hyperlipemic diet enriched with a low dose of cholesterol for 16 months. At regular intervals, levels of serum lipemic parameters were checked. A Quantimet 920 image analyzer was used on paraffin-embedded sections of the entire aortas to measure the volume density of the tunica intima, the volume density of atheroma, the ratio intima/media and the surface area of the tunica intima. Our results indicated for aged hyperlipemic rabbits a statistically significant increase in all morphometric parameters examined as compared to young hyperlipemic animals, and no statistically significant differences in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids
NMDA-dependent NGF mRNA expression by human astrocytoma cells is mediated by nitric oxide
No full textCOUNTERACTION ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIABETIC NEUROPATHY BY LEVOCARNITINE ACETYL
No full textThe effect of levocarnitine acetyl on diabetic peripheral neuropathy induced by a single injection of streptozotocin or alloxan was studied. Levocarnitine acetyl was administered intraperitoneally one week after induction of diabetes at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day for five and ten weeks. At the end of treatment, neuromuscular conduction velocity (m/sec) was evaluated by stimulating the sciatic nerve and recording the soleus muscle potentials evoked, and the muscle contraction force (mm) by measuring the isometric muscular tension. Motor coordination was evaluated on the Rota-rod apparatus. Treatment with levocarnitine acetyl fully prevented the reduction (20%) in the neuromuscular conduction velocity observed in both experimental models of diabetes. The decrease (30-33%) in muscle contraction force was prevented partially in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and fully in alloxan-induced diabetes. Levocarnitine acetyl also improved the concomitantly reduced motor performance. The results of the present study suggest a beneficial effect of levocarnitine acetyl on peripheral neuropathy and muscle performance
VALPROIC ACID AND BICUCULLINE AFFECT TREFORMATION OF GLYCEROLIPID IN RAT BRAIN
No full textTo ascertain the effects of bicuculline and of sodium valproate on the incorporation of glycerol into rat brain lipid, rats were divided into 5 groups: (a) controls; (b) treated with sodium valproate
(400 mg/kg body wt); (c) treated with bicuculline (12.5 umol/kg body wt); (d) treated with sodium valproate as in (b) + bicuculline as in (c); and (e) treated with bicuculline (25 umol/jkg body wt). Only rats of group (e) had seizures, which lasted until the end of the experiment. Each animal received 20 uCi of [2-3H]glycerol by intraventricular route and was sacrificed 12 min afterwards. Hippocampi and cerebella were taken and lipid extracted and separated by chromatography. The type of treatment infiuenced very much the fate of injected, labeled glycerol. Indeed, total recovered radioactivity increased following either convulsions or the administration of valproate, whereas both treatments decreased the amount of radioactivity incorporated into lipid. These effects were more evident in cerebella than in hippocampi.
The distribution of radioactivity among lipid classes (diglyceride, triglyceride and total phospholipid) was also affected by seizures, which decreased the labeling ratio phospholipid/neutral lipid. The
distribution of radioactivity among phospholipid classes was infiuenced by bicuculline (both at convulsant . and non-convulsant doses) and these effects were sometimes antagonized by valproate. We conclude that some effects ofbicuculline are exerted through the systemic modifications due to seizures and that other effects are probably connected to neuronal hyperfiring. The data reported in this paper are consistent with both mechanisms of action proposed for valproate, i.e. increased membrane permeability and modifications of GABAergic systems
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