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A new species of Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae) from Cameroon, with a key to the Tropical African species of the genus
No full textMyosotic cameroonensis Cheek & R Becker (Boraginacene) is described from Cameroon. Its conservation status and taxonomic affinities are assessed and an updated key to the Tropical African species of the genus is presented
cohort study
No full textAbstract not available.Nitaa Eapen, Amit Kochar, Mark D Lyttle, Natalie Phillips, John A Cheek, Jeremy Furyk, Jocelyn Neutze, Silvia Bressan, Amanda Williams, Stephen Hearps, Ed Oakley, Stuart R Dalziel, Meredith L Borlan
Politics + Other Mistakes piece, in tongue-in-cheek style, criticizing a tax r
No full textPolitics + Other Mistakes piece, in tongue-in-cheek style, criticizing a tax reform plan that the author dubs as SNOT-RX, for the Strimling-Nass Omnibus Tax Reform and eXpansion. The plan by Sen. Ethan Strimling (D-Portland) and Sen. Richard Nass (R-Acton) calls for expanding the sales tax and providing property tax relief, but the numbers are questionable on many fronts
Long-term growth in vitro of isolated, fully differentiated neurones from the central nervous system of an adult insect
No full textA method is described for the isolation and growth in vitro of fully differentiated neurones from the thoracic ganglia of adult cockroaches. The presence of insect blood in the culture system is shown to promote growth. The morphology of the growing neurones and the plasticity of the branching processes are described and growth rates are measured. Using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye, changes of intracellular calcium levels in the growing neurones in response to K+ depolarization have been measured. The results, indicating the presence of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels on neuronal processes in vitro, show that neurones can be maintained in a functional state for several weeks by this technique. Such preparations could prove useful for studying a variety of physiological and pharmacological properties of neurones, including the mechanisms controlling growth, synapse formation and neuronal interactions with other cell types. <br/
Saxicolella angola Cheek
No full text3. Saxicolella angola Cheek sp. nov. Type: Angola, Cuanza Sul, Gango-Cuanza, Mussende, 1000 m alt., fl. fr. 21 June 1920, Gossweiler 9328 (holotype K [K000325202]). http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77297283-1 Annual (probably) herb, 1.2 – 1.9 cm tall. Root incompletely seen, probably crustose. Portion at base of stem (Fig. 2A) shield-like c. 1.1 mm diam., irregularly convex. Stems unbranched, erect, stout, selfsupporting 9 – 15 mm long, terete, c. 0.5 mm wide at base, increasing to c. 1 mm diam. at apex. Proximal 1.8 – 5.5 mm lacking leaf-scars, distal portion with 5 – 7 leaf scars, internodes 0.5 mm long (proximal-most internodes) to 2 mm long (more distal internodes). Scars ± amplexicaul, distal nodes with leaf bases persistent, sheathing (Fig. 2B); stem apex with a head of flowers surrounded by clusters of heteromorphic leaves, phyllotaxy spiral. Leaves of outermost (proximal) part of apical cluster ligulate, 2.5 – 2 × 0.25 – 0.2 mm, or spatulate, that is with the distal end broader, elliptic, 0.8 × 0.3 mm, apex rounded or obtuse, base slightly sheathing, stipules absent (Fig. 2C); innermost, more distal leaves of apical cluster broadly ovate, or ovate in outline 0.6 – 1 (– 1.5) × 1 – 1.5 mm, apex entire or slightly or deeply bifid, lobes equal or unequal, base broad, with or without marginal stipules. Stipules sometimes exceeding blades, subulate 0.5 × 0.2 mm. Spathellae in terminal cluster of (2 –) 5 – 8, pre-dehiscence narrowly ellipsoid c. 2.5 × 0.8 mm, dehiscing into (2 –) 2 – 5 subequal lobes, overall c. 2.5 × 1.5 mm. Flower partly concealed in spathellum at anthesis (Fig. 2D). Pedicel 0 – 0.5 mm long, concealed in spathellum. Tepals not seen. Stamen exceeding gynoecium, filament 2 – 2.05 mm long, anthers c. 0.3 × 0.2 mm. Pollen not seen. Gynophore 0.1 – 0.2 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid 1.5 – 1.8 × 0.6 mm, in transverse section suborbicular, unilocular; longitudinal ribs 6, ribs well-defined, 0.06 – 0.07 mm wide, commissural ribs absent. Stigmas 2, united at base, erect, cylindric, 0.3 – 0.35 × 0.1 mm, apex acute. Fruit about same size as ovary, mainly contained in spathellum (Fig. 2E) dehiscing by 2 equal valves, placenta spindle-shaped, 0.1 – 0.15 mm diam. Seeds ellipsoid c. 0.25 × 0.12 mm. RECOGNITION. Differs from other species of Sapicolella with elongated stems (S. ijim and S. flabellata) in that the stems are unbranched (not highly branched), stigmas shortly cylindrical (not filiform, nor complanate); spathellae narrowly ellipsoid (not obovoid nor globose); leaves a mixture of simple-ligulate and ± isodiametric entire or bifid (not, only deeply quadrid, nor only simple-ligulate). DISTRIBUTION. Angola, Cuanza Norte and Cuanza Sul Provinces (Cuanza River and its affluents). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. ANGOLA, Cuanza Norte, Loanda Moaba, Duque da Bragança (now Kalandula Falls), Lucuala R., 1000 m alt., “on rocks of river Loando near the waterfall”. fr. 29 Aug. 1922, Gossweiler 8858 (K000592225); Cuanza Sul, Cuene or Cuno, bridge on river, “submersiherbosa, Limno Nereida” 650 m alt., 12 July 1927, Gossweiler 11252 (COI [COI00071835]); Cuanza Norte, Cuanza R., Punta Filomeno da Camera, 100 m, submerged rocks, scarlet red plants, st. 7 March 1928, Gossweiler 12027 COI [COI00071833]. HABITAT. Waterfalls and rapids exposed to full sun, with gallery forest, 1000 – 1300 m alt. Occurring at the type locality near Mussende, with other species of Podostemaceae: Inversodicraea digitata H.E.Hess and Tristicha trifaria (Gossweiler 9291, BM, n.v., COI [COI00022957], ZT n.v.). At the Kalandula Falls, Cuanza Norte, occurring with Ledermanniella aloides (Engl.) C.Cusset (Gossweiler 8858A), Tristicha trifaria (Gossweiler 8858B) and Inversodicraea fluitans H.E.Hess (Gossweiler 8855, 8856, 8857) (Cheek et al. 2017b: 129). At Punta Filomeno da Camera, occurring with an unidentified Podostemaceae collected later that year (25 June 1927) “in swift currents of water” (Gossweiler 10697 COI [COI00022111]). CONSERVATION STATUS. Known from four collections, each at a different location of the Cuanza or an affluent. The collection site of “Punta Filomeno da Camera” has not been found but its altitude of 100 m on the Cuanza corresponds with the hydroelectric dam at Cambambe and so it is likely that the species has been lost at this location. However, the identification of the specimen is not completely certain since it was sterile and only viewed online. The site at “Cuene or Cuno, bridge on river”, since it is at 650 m alt. on the Cuanza, corresponds with the newly constructed Lauca Hydroelectric project, Angola’ s largest. Here again the species is unlikely to survive due to the loss of its habitat and hydrological change. This leaves two locations upstream where the species is likely to survive. These two locations are c. 200 km apart. Gossweiler 9328 (type specimen) near Mussende was recorded 21 June 1920 (presumably an error by Gossweiler for 1 July). The exact site was not given, but is most likely to be the ford across the Gango River 16.5 km from Mussende on the road to Quibala (10°26ˈ07.7" S, 15°52ˈ39. 53"E observed on Google Earth), since this set of rapids is closest to Mussende (the town and river mentioned on the label) and is most readily accessible from that town. That vehicles are likely to drive over the plants at the type locality is highly possible, and this would constitute a threat. The second locality, the Kalandula Falls (also known as the Calandula falls and formerly Duque de Bragança falls) on the Lucuala (or Licuala) River (Gossweiler 8858, 29 Aug. 1922), is now a major tourist attraction, probably because it is one of the major falls by volume in Africa and is only 260 km by road from the capital, Luanda. It is evident from the numerous posts of photographs by tourists on the internet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Kalandula_Falls accessed 20 May 2021) that trampling by visitors occurs, which can destroy plants of Podostemaceae as at the Lobe Falls in Cameroon (Cheek et al. 2017b). Both locations, are here ascribed an area of occupancy of 3 km 2 as preferred by IUCN (2012). Therefore, Sapicolella angola is here assessed as Endangered EN B2ab(iii) using the categories and criteria of IUCN (2012). Despite this assessment, and the fact that this species has not been recorded in the wild for 78 years, and despite the fact that Hess (1952), a Podostemaceae specialist who visited the Kalandula Falls in 1950 did not find the species there, we doubt that this species is extinct, although it is probably not common. This is because at both known locations, further apparently suitable habitat can be seen on Google Earth immediately upstream and/or downstream. However, there is no guarantee that the species occurs at these sites because it is rare and infrequent (only 2 of the 25 Angolan Podostemaceae held at COI are this taxon, and one of these is only doubtfully identified). Finally, there is no cause for complacency about the security of this species since the surviving two sites are both at risk of future new hydroelectric projects in which there is currently an upsurge in Africa and which are inimicable to the survival of Podostemaceae (Cheek et al. 2017b). Angola is currently going through a surge of development posing risks to its species-diverse Flora. Additional range-restricted newly described species endemic to Angola are Justicia cubangensis I.Darbysh. & Goyder (Darbyshire & Goyder 2019) and Stomatanthes tundavalaensis D.J.N.Hind (Hind & Goyder 2013). PHENOLOGY. Only collected in flower (end June) and fruit (August) at the end of the dry season, the wet season being September to April ETYMOLOGY. Named for the country of Angola as a noun in apposition. This species is both unique to Angola and the only species of the genus currently known to occur in the country. NOTES. Sapicolella angola was first recognised as a distinct species, but informally, and not published, by C. Cusset in 1975. This is evident from her annotations of all four specimens of the species cited in this paper. She had annotated two specimens of what appears to be this taxon (Gossweiler 11252 and Gossweiler 12027 at COI, viewed online May 2021) as “ cf. Sapicolella angolensis ” dated 1975. Two other specimens, the basis of the description above, were sent on loan from Kto Pin 1982 (registered at Kas H960/82) and were annotated as “ Sapicolella gossweileri C. Cusset ined. 1998”, on one of which she had deleted an earlier annotation she had made of “ Pohliella angolensis C.Cusset ined.”. Since the Code (Turland et al. 2018) advocates that such names should not be perpetuated without the permission of the author, and since that permission has not been obtain- ed, an alternative name has been selected. Sapicolella angola is incompletely known. Both collections studied comprise of fruiting material. The roots, stem leaves, flowers at anthesis, pollen, are all either unknown, or only partially known. The ecology (microhabitat-ecological niche) is also unknown. Further field studies to fill these large gaps in our knowledge are advisable.Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Molmou, Denise, Magassouba, Sekou & Ghogue, Jean-Paul, 2022, Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects, pp. 403-433 in Kew Bulletin 77 (2) on pages 415-417, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2, http://zenodo.org/record/759936
Nepenthes leyte Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes leyte Jebb & Cheek, sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134489-1 Fig. 4 Diagnosis Differs from N. alata B lanco in having, except in the hairy axils, glabrous stems, (not densely white hairy); upper pitchers lacking fringed wings (versus with fringed wings); nectar glands on lower surface of lid dimorphic, concentrated around margin and appendage (not monomorphic, uniformly dense and distributed). Etymology The specific epithet “leyte” is here used as a noun in apposition, to commemorate the island of that name, to which the species appears unique. Type PHILIPPINES. Eastern Visayas, Leyte, Mt Lobi, near Dagami, 7 Nov. 1999, Argent, Mendum, Fuentes, R., Belonias, B. S. 99214 (holotype K!; isotypes E!, PNH). Description Terrestrial climber, height 2 m (probably), drying brown. Climbing stems subterete, 4–6 mm diam., with a slight ridge below the leaf bases; the axil with a shallow groove containing a spike-like bud 1–2 mm long, inserted 5–6 mm above the axil; internodes 3–7 cm long; surface with scattered redblack, depressed-globose, sessile raised glands 0.05–0.08 mm diam.; hairs absent, except in the axillary grooves which have white, moderately dense, basally branched hairs with arms erect, ca. 1 mm long. Rosette stems and leaves unknown. Leaves of climbing stems spirally inserted, thinly leathery; blade narrowly oblong-elliptic, 13.5–16 × 2.5–3.8 cm; apex acute, not peltate; base cuneate, abruptly decurrent to the petiole; longitudinal nerves 1 pair, moderately close to the margin, inconspicuous; pennate nerves numerous, conspicuously raised on both surfaces, more or less patent, irregular; both surfaces drying brown, subglossy above, matt below; midrib on both surfaces 5–10% covered with fine white-translucent simple or 3–5-armed stellate hairs, on the upper surface 0.2–0.3 mm diam., on the lower surface 0.1–0.2 mm diam., the leaf-blade otherwise glabrous, apart from sessile red-black glands as the stem, 0.05–0.1 mm diam., 2–6 per mm 2. Petiole evenly winged along its length, the wings incurved (field notes); (2.5–)3–4.5 × 0.2–0.4 cm; clasping the stem for ½ its circumference, very shortly decurrent by 1–2 mm. Lower and intermediate pitchers unknown. Upper pitcher (tendril coiled) 12–15 × 4.5–5 cm; ovoid-ellipsoid in the lower half, upper half cylindrical, 3–3.5 cm diam., not constricted at any point; outer surface 10–30% covered in minute red stellate hairs, hairs ca. 0.1 mm diam., both sessile and shortly stalked, 4–6-armed, arms suberect or patent, density 3–5 per mm 2, mixed with sessile red-black glands 0.05 mm diam. as the leaf-blade and stem, hairs denser on lid, and towards the peristome where they are mixed with sparse erect bushy-bristle hairs 0.2–0.3 mm long; “almost uniformly green with a few purple spots mainly on the ventricose base” (Argent et al. 99214); fringed wings are absent, reduced to inconspicuous ridges; mouth ovate, 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 cm, oblique, slightly concave, “glaucous green inside with just a few red spots”; peristome (1–)2–3(–5) mm wide, narrowly subcylindrical, rounded at the front, becoming slightly flattened and widest at the sides, towards the lid, ca. 4 ridges per mm, ridges 0.075–0.15 mm high, inner edge inconspicuous, holes and teeth not visible (unless dissected: Fig. 4P); outer edge not lobed; column weakly developed, ca. 7 × 3 mm. Lid ovate 3.2 × 2.9(–3.2) cm; apex shallowly retuse, the sinus 3–7 mm wide; base cordate, the sinus 4 mm deep, 8–15 mm wide; green; margin undulate; lower surface with convex basal appendage, 0.4–0.7 × 1–2 mm, arising from near the midpoint of the 5–6 × 0.5 mm long basal midline ridge; nectar glands slightly dimorphic, each with a different distribution: (type 1) moderately dense on the basal ridge and appendage (Fig. 4L) and in a ca. 2 mm band each side (but not extending along midline), glands with raised borders, shortly elliptic, 0.1– 0.2(–0.3) mm long; (type 2) slightly larger, (0.1–) 0.2–0.3 mm long, moderately dense, in bands 2–4 mm wide along the lid margins, 25–40 glands on each side, one sheet (atypical?) with a few additional large elliptic glands, 0.7 × 0.4 mm, bordered, very sparsely scattered between the margins; sessile red-black glands, as stem, leaf and outer pitcher surface, 0.005–0.01 mm diam., scattered over surface ca. 3 per mm 2; marginal part of lower surface with a few minute stellate hairs. Spur inserted 2 mm below junction of lid and pitcher on ridge; simple, stout at base tapering to a long, acute apex; 7–9.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm; completely covered in long, grey appressed hairs, hairs (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.2) mm long. Upper surface of lid with two prominent nerves, nerves densely (80–90% cover) white hairy, hairs of two types: (1) basally 1–2-branched hairs 0.3–0.4 mm long, (2) minute 3–5-armed stellate hairs 0.1 mm diam.; remainder of lid surface with type (2) hairs, but indumentum 30–40% cover, and with sparse perithecoid nectar glands 0.25 mm long. Inflorescence and infructescence unknown. Distribution & habitat Philippines, Visayas, Leyte; volcanic geology; “climbing on fallen tree in submontane mossy forest”, elevation 900 m (Argent et al. 99214). Conservation Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. is known currently from a single individual in an unprotected area, in a country, including specifically the island of Leyte, where most of the original forest habitat has been cleared for timber and agricultural land and where forest degradation and clearance are ongoing (Myers et al. 2000; GoogleEarth viewed 2 Oct. 2013). Accordingly, it is here assessed as Critically Endangered under Criterion D of IUCN (2012). It is to be hoped that further exploration will reveal additional localities for the species, and that protection can be arranged before it becomes extinct. Currently no protected areas are believed to be present on Leyte apart from the 2193 ha Lake Danao National or Natural Park which is about 14 km to the W of the type location. However this seems to be mainly a recreational area, and within the reserve, illegal settlement, slash and burn agriculture and illegal logging are reported to be problems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Danao_(Leyte)#Threats, viewed 12 Oct. 2013). Viewing the area immediately around Lake Danao on GoogleEarth (2007 imagery, viewed 12 Oct 2013) confirms that large areas have been and were in 2007 in the process of being cleared and inhabited, and that these activities extend towards the E and the only known location for N. leyte sp. nov. Some original forest still survives along the central high ridge of Leyte, where terrain appears rugged, including the location indicated as the type location of the species, however the resolution of the imagery here is not sufficiently high to gauge how intact the habitat is. The eastern side of Leyte has higher rainfall and the forest has extensively been replaced by intensive industrial oil palm plantations which extended in 2003 to within 4 km of the type location (GoogleEarth imagery dating from 2003, viewed 2 Oct. 2013). Collection of Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. from the wild to supply the horticultural trade is considered a low risk for this species since its pitchers are not as spectacular or as bizarre as those of other members of the genus in the Philippines. Remarks Argent et al. 99214, here described as Nepenthes leyte sp. nov., while superficially similar to N. graciliflora, the only other species of the genus known on Leyte (Wenzel 680, GH!; Barbon et al. in PPI 8735, BRIT!; ibid. 8561, BRIT!), cannot be confused with it. This is due to the stellate hairs present on the outer pitcher surface of Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. (versus absent in N. graciliflora), and the dimorphic nectar lid glands concentrated around the margin and appendage (not monomorphic, uniformly dense and distributed). It also has petioles that appear cylindrical since the wings are involute (not with patent wings). Apart from N. graciliflora itself, only one other member of the N. alata group is, so far, known from the Visayas: N. negros (Negros and Biliran islands). However, N. negros has densely hairy stems (versus glabrous), upper pitcher with fringed wings (not absent) and the inner peristome edge has conspicuous teeth and holes (versus conspicuous teeth absent). Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the Nepenthes alata group using the key above.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 17-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
Computed tomographic assessment of equine maxillary cheek teeth anatomical relationships and paranasal sinus volumes
No full textDisorders affecting the equine maxillary cheek teeth and paranasal sinuses are relatively common, but limited objective information is available on the dimensions and relationships of these structures in horses of different ages. The aims of this study were to assess age-related changes in the positioning and anatomical relationships of the individual maxillary cheek teeth with the infraorbital canal and maxillary septum and the volumes of the individual sinus compartments. CT and gross examination were performed on 60 normal equine cadaver heads that were aged by their dentition. The intrasinus position of cheek teeth, length of reserve crowns, relationship to the infraorbital canal and measurements of rostral drift and sinus compartment volumes were assessed from CT images. The findings included that Triadan 10 alveoli lay fully or partially in the rostral maxillary sinus (RMS) in 60% of cases. The infraorbital canal lay directly on the medial aspect of the alveolar apex in younger horses. The Triadan 11’sclinical crowns and apices drifted a mean of 2.48 and 2.83 cm more rostral to the orbit, respectively, in the >15 years old vs the <6 years old age group. The mean volumes of sinus compartments ranged from 175 cm3 for the caudal maxillary sinus (CMS) to 4 cm3 for the ethmoidal sinus (ES). This information should be of value in the diagnosis and treatment of equine dental and sinus disorders and as reference values for further studies
The role of the vocational counselor in Texas as perceived by vocational directors, vocational counselors, secondary school principals, and secondary school counselors
No full textThe central purpose of this study was to identify the role of the vocational counselor in the public schools of Texas as perceived by vocational directors, vocational counselors, secondary school principals, and secondary school counselors. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives were developed: 1. Determine areas of agreement and disagreement among vocational directors, vocational counselors, secondary school principals, and secondary school counselors regarding the role of the vocational counselor in Texas. 2. Determine opinions concerning selected issues pertaining to the position of vocational counselor in Texas as perceived by vocational directors, vocational counselors, secondary school principals, and secondary school counselors. 3. Determine areas of agreement and disagreement concerning the role of the vocational counselor in Texas as perceived by vocational counselors without vocational education teaching experience but with world-of-work experience and vocational counselors with both vocational education teaching experience and world-of-work experience. 4. Determine areas of agreement and disagreement concerning the role of the vocational counselor in Texas as perceived by secondary school counselors without vocational education teaching experience but with world-of-work experience, secondary school counselors with neither vocational education teaching experience nor world-of-work experience, and secondary school counselors with both vocational education teaching experience and world-of-work experience
Cyclin d1 amplification in tongue and cheek squamous cell carcinoma
No full textIntroduction: Several molecular markers have been studied for their usefulness as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One such molecular marker is cyclin D1 which is a proto-oncogene located on 11q13 in humans. Objective: To explore the feasibility of using cyclin D1 as a prognostic marker in tongue and cheek SCC by the fluorescent-in-situ hybridization (FISH) method. Methods: Fifty paraffin-embedded samples (25 each of cheek and tongue SCCs) were obtained from the archives of the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory. Sociodemographic data, histopathologic diagnoses, lymph node status and survival data were obtained from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS)coordinated by the Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya. The FISH technique was used to detect the amplification of cyclin D1 using the Vysis protocol. Statistical correlations of cyclin D1 with site and lymph node status were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. Kaplan-Meier and Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used to analyze cyclin D1 amplification and median survival time. Results: Positive amplification of cyclin D1 was detected in 72 (36) of OSCCs. Detection of positive amplification for cyclin D1 was observed in 88 (22) and 56 (14) of the tongue and cheek tumors, respectively, where the difference was statistically significant (P=0.012). Lymph node metastasis of cheek SCCs showed a trend towards a significant association (P= 0.098) with cyclin D1 amplification whereas the lymph node metastasis of tongue SCC was clearly not significant (P=0.593).There was a statistically significant correlation between cyclin D1 positivity and survival rate (P=0.009) for overall SCC cases and (P<0.001) for cheek SCC cases. Conclusion: The present study found that cyclin D1 amplification may differ in different subsites of OSCC (tongue vs cheek) and its positive amplification implies an overall poor survival in OSCCs, particularly those arising in cheeks. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down
Fig. 3 in Revision of Chassalia (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae-Palicoureeae) in Borneo, with 14 new species
No full textFig. 3. Morphological glossary of Chassalia Comm. ex Poir. in Borneo; A–C, E–F = C. involucrata T.Y.Yu sp. nov.; D = C. chewii T.Y.Yu sp. nov. A. Flower. B. Part of flower showing stamen insertion into corolla and associated hairs. C. Longitudinal view of corolla showing the inflated turbinate distal portion of the corolla in bud. D. Pyrene transection. E. Dry fruit. F. Pyrene ventral surface. a = stigma; b = style; c = corolla lobe reflexed; d = corolla tube; e = calyx lobes; f = calyx tube; g = hypanthium; h = apical connective appendage of anther; i = anther cell; j = filament, usually very short or absent; k = basal appendage of anther; l = band of hairs; m = stamen; n = disc, usually cylindrical; o = pericarp; p = endocarp; q = seed; r = endocarpal outgrowth; s = groove between endocarp margin and endocarpal outgrowth; t = longitudinal crests of pyrene ventral surface; u = groove between two longitudinal crests; v = pedicel, usually absent in flower and extending as fruits mature; w = furrow where the two pyrenes meet; x = veins on the dorsal surface of pericarp; y = bony spine, usually at distal side of raphal opening; z = raphal opening, usually round. Drawn by T.Y. Yu.Published as part of Turner, Ian M. & Cheek, Martin, 2021, Revision of Chassalia (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae-Palicoureeae) in Borneo, with 14 new species, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 738 on page 6, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.738.1261, http://zenodo.org/record/459454
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