370 research outputs found
AI-empowered KM processes for decision-making: empirical evidence from worldwide organisations
No full textPurpose: This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on adopting artificial intelligence (AI), including generative AI, in knowledge management (KM) processes and its impact on organisational decision-making. Specifically, the study addresses three key research questions: RQ1: How is (generative) AI adopted within KM processes in organisations? RQ2: What factors influence the adoption of AI in these processes, either facilitating or inhibiting it? RQ3: How does AI adoption in KM processes affect organisational decision-making? Design/methodology/approach: An explorative investigation has been conducted through semi-structured interviews with KM and AI experts from a worldwide sample of 52 mostly private, large and for-profit organisations. Interviews have been analysed through a mixed thematic analysis. Findings: The study provides an original framework in which the three investigated concepts are interconnected according to a dual relationship: linear and retroactive and 20 factors affecting AI adoption within KM processes. Practical implications: The provided model guides managers in improving their organisational decision-making through AI adoption in KM processes. Moreover, according to the rational decision-making model, the authors propose a six-step systematic procedure for managers. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that simultaneously addresses AI, KM and decision-making and provides an integrated framework showing the relationships between them, allowing organisations to better and practically understand how to ameliorate their decision-making through AI adoption in KM processes
Acquiring Translation Competence through the Use of Subtitling. Enhancing Language Learning through Translation and Translating.
No full textThe research work presented here is the result of two interconnected factors: on the one hand the results of a preliminary study on the skills of students of the degree courses “Mediazione Linguistica e Culturale” [Linguistic and Cultural Mediation] and “Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne” [Modern Languages, Literature and Cultures] to analyse and assess the translation of audiovisual products and on the other hand the analysis of the most recent literature on language learning and audiovisual material, in particular interlingual subtitling. The first shows that the competences acquired during the three years of study do not always guarantee satisfying language and translation skills – in particular, a rather literal approach to texts persists –; while the second presents encouraging results on the use of subtitling in foreign language teaching, although the studies conducted so far are few and on small samples. Hence, the need for students to abandon their word-for-word approach and the intrinsic characteristics of interlingual subtitling and of audiovisual texts (i.e. the time and space constraints imposed on the text) are the starting point of this dissertation.
Although the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) acknowledges translation as part of the activities necessary to language learning, its status is not yet clear since it is sometimes included in reception and production skills. The lack of specific descriptors then, makes the role played by translation in language learning still uncertain.
To this end a methodology based on the use of two pieces of software was designed and implemented, namely LvS 2.5.2 a subtitling simulator for didactic purposes and Translog 2006 that allows to record all cursor movements and keystrokes. The first was used to analyse the processes and products of the translation of audiovisual texts, while the latter to create subtitles from English to Italian. One of the innovative aspects of this project lies precisely in the combination of these two pieces of software for the survey and development of language and translation competence for English L2 learners.
The first stage of this investigation consisted in a pilot study with 18 volunteers of the third year of the degree course “Mediazione Linguistica e Culturale” over three lessons. The main purpose of the pilot study was to test students' reactions to the use of LvS and Translog and improve the methodology, as well as the quality of the learning material. This provided us with positive reactions on the part of students and with preliminary data on translation processes that proved helpful to the trial. The most striking datum found is that around 40% of the students observed do not read the text before translating, with negative consequences on the working speed and quality of their translations.
The trial had a larger sample of students (27) and took place over a period of about two months (10 lessons). Students underwent an initial profiling activity, so that their translation style and initial competence and were instructed on how to use LvS and Translog. The activities carried out during the trial were structured according to the main stages of the translation process (orientation, drafting and end-revision). Therefore, every lesson would entail three stages: a group watching of the material and students' comments on the content and possible translation problems, then the translation with Translog and a transposition on LvS, and finally a group discussion with students' proposals. The material was administered on the basis of the learner-centred approach in which the teacher was a mere facilitator and encouraged a critical dialogue among students as much as possible rather than impose her own perspective.
The definition of competence the study and the analysis refer to is that proposed by the PACTE group (“the underlying system of knowledge required to translate”). The audiovisual texts propose to students were selected on the basis of a number of “Rich Points”, which were then the specific object of the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Special attention was paid to the three basic stages of the translation process and their evolution, the duration of pauses, number of re-elaborations and the quality of the solutions of Rich Points. Moreover, the trial group's translation performance was compared to that of a control group to allow better data validation.
The results of the study have contributed to gather precious information on learners' translation style and techniques and seem to encourage the use of this practice in foreign language teaching through the analysis and translation of audiovisual material. In fact, the trial group outperformed the control group both as far as the general approach to translation is concerned and specific problems considered representative of the most common translation difficulties
AI-empowered KM processes for decision-making: empirical evidence from worldwide organisations
No full textPurpose – This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on adopting artificial intelligence (AI), including
generative AI, in knowledgemanagement (KM) processes and its impact on organisational decision-making.
Specifically, the study addresses three key research questions: RQ1: How is (generative) AI adopted within
KM processes in organisations? RQ2: What factors influence the adoption of AI in these processes, either
facilitating or inhibiting it? RQ3: How does AI adoption in KM processes affect organisational decisionmaking?
Design/methodology/approach – An explorative investigation has been conducted through semistructured
interviews with KM and AI experts from a worldwide sample of 52 mostly private, large and forprofit
organisations. Interviews have been analysed through a mixed thematic analysis.
Findings – The study provides an original framework in which the three investigated concepts are
interconnected according to a dual relationship: linear and retroactive and 20 factors affecting AI
adoption within KM processes.
Practical implications – The provided model guides managers in improving their organisational
decision-making through AI adoption in KM processes. Moreover, according to the rational decisionmaking
model, the authors propose a six-step systematic procedure for managers.
Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that simultaneously
addresses AI, KM and decision-making and provides an integrated framework showing the relationships
between them, allowing organisations to better and practically understand how to ameliorate their
decision-making through AI adoption inKM processes
Joel P. Trachtman: The International Law of Economic Migration. Toward the Fourth Freedom, Kalamazoo, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2009 [Rezension]
No full textDe la voie de fait à l'emprise : nouvelle réduction de la compétence judiciaire
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Tribunal des conflits, 9 décembre 2013, M. et Mme Panizzon c. Commune de Saint-Palais-sur-mer, n° 3931, Lebon ; AJDA 2013. 251
Hail Damage Investigation in Heterojunction Silicon Photovoltaic Modules: A Real-World Case Study
No full textMost photovoltaic (PV) modules are guaranteed for 25-30 years. However, severe climatic events, particularly hail, can lead premature damage. In this article, a residential PV system in Padova, Italy, was studied after exposure to a severe storm with hailstones up to 16 cm in diameter, which is more than two times larger than the standard size of test stones employed for module validation (7.5 cm, as per IEC 61215-2-2021). The goals are: 1) to demonstrate the relevance of hail testing beyond what currently required by the standards; 2) to demonstrate the presence of latent damage even in the absence of broken glass or of reduced performance; and 3) to discuss the associated risks. Forward bias electroluminescence (EL) and infrared (IR) radiation investigations were conducted in dark to minimize the impact of environmental influences. In the worst case, complete glass breakage results in solar cell fragmentation, which induces nonuniformity in current flow and thermal radiation, increasing losses, compromising electrical insulation, and requiring immediate replacement. In addition, dark and outdoor light current-voltage characteristics reveal significant decrease in output power, as well as increased leakage current. Remarkably, latent or invisible damage, detectable by reduced EL intensity and higher IR radiation, poses safety issues even in modules whose protective glass withstood the mechanical impact of hail. Modules with intact glass exhibit a decreased shunt resistance, with a negligible reduction in the output power with respect to a completely intact module. The results underline the necessity of inspecting the entire PV system following hailstorms, to detect any latent damages and promptly replace the damaged modules, even in the absence of glass breakage or reduction in the output power, to ensure long-term reliability
De la voie de fait à l'emprise : nouvelle réduction de la compétence judiciaire
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Tribunal des conflits, 9 décembre 2013, M. et Mme Panizzon c. Commune de Saint-Palais-sur-mer, n° 3931, Lebon ; AJDA 2013. 251
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