865 research outputs found
Overconfidence Increases Productivity
No full textRecent studies report that productivity increases under tournament reward structures than under piece rate reward structures. We conduct maze-solving experiments under both reward structures and reveal that overconfidence is a significant factor in increasing productivity. Specifically, subjects exhibiting progressively higher degrees of overconfidence solve more mazes. This result shows a positive aspect of overconfidence, which usually has been examined in its negative aspect as an expectation bias.
Mutations of the mitochondrial ND1 gene as a cause of MELAS
No full textCopyright © 2004 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. BMJ JournalsD. M. Kirby, R. McFarland, A. Ohtake, C. Dunning, M. T. Ryan, C. Wilson, D. Ketteridge, D. M. Turnbull, D. R. Thorburn, R. W. Taylo
Who Supports Redistribution?
No full textUsing an original dataset, we investigated the determinants of individual preferences over income redistribution in Japan. Although income level is negatively correlated with support for redistribution, it does not explain much; there are other important factors, which relate to dynamics and uncertainty such as income risk. Even after controlling for income, both risk-averse individuals and those who expect to be unemployed in the future favor greater redistribution. Interaction of aging and mobility proved important. Relatively poor elderly, who presumably have few prospects of upward mobility, strongly support greater redistribution, whereas younger people are less sympathetic to such a policy.
The impact of population ageing on house prices : a micro-simulation approach
No full textThis paper attempts to estimate the impact of population ageing on house prices. There is considerable debate about whether population ageing puts downwards or upwards pressure on house prices. The empirical approach differs from earlier studies of this relationship, which are mainly regression analyses of macro time-series data. A micro-simulation methodology is adopted that combines a macro-level house price model with a micro-level household formation model. The case study is Scotland, a country that is expected to age rapidly in the future. The parameters of the household formation model are estimated with panel data from the British Household Panel Survey covering the period 1999-2008. The estimates are then used to carry out a set of simulations. The simulations are based on a set of population projections that represent a considerable range in the rate of population ageing. The main finding from the simulations is that population ageing—or more generally changes in age structure—is not likely a main determinant of house prices, at least in Scotland
Altruism and the Care of Elderly Parents: Evidence from Japanese Families
No full textThis paper analyzes what adult children would do for their parents were they frail and in need of long-term care. Focusing on the special case of parents' illness, the paper then investigates altruism in Japanese children. Descriptive statistics show that about 30% of adult children living separately from their parents provide long-term in-home care, which suggests that a significant number of Japanese children supply care. However, detailed examination reveals that this parental care is not motivated entirely by altruism. We show that children provide parental care when their parents are wealthy enough to meet the costs of nursing.
The effects of the calculation class in elementary school on student outcomes
No full textAbe M., Ohtake F., Sano S.. The effects of the calculation class in elementary school on student outcomes. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 76, 101360 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101360.We examine the impact of introducing a calculation class on the academic outcomes of elementary school students. The calculation class is characterized by instruction using an abacus (soroban in Japanese), a traditional calculation tool in Asia, and teaching by abacus instructors. The calculation class was introduced with time lags across schools and birth cohorts, which allows us to exploit the difference-in-differences strategy. Using administrative data from Amagasaki City in Japan, we find that the calculation class increases mathematics and Japanese scores by 0.145 and 0.0874 standard deviations, respectively. To explore possible mechanisms, we investigate the impact of the calculation class on students’ non-cognitive skills, academic behaviors at home, and the classroom environment. The results indicate that the calculation class improves non-cognitive skills, such as grit and motivation for studying. Furthermore, we find heterogeneous effects across gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and previous academic scores. Our estimation results show that the calculation class has a larger impact on the mathematics scores of female students, students from low-SES families, and previously low-performing students. Finally, we explore the long-term effects and find that, for female students, the impact tends to persist for one year after the class ends, but after that, the effects fade out
3-D FEM analysis of the effects of SPT head dimensions on recording in discrete and continuous media
No full textDue to the considerable increase of magnetic recording density, the deviation of the head from the centerline of the track becomes a serious problem for the cross-track interference. In this paper, a three-dimensional read/write simulation system was used to investigate the effect of the width of the write head on the behavior of the flux and magnetization for continuous track medium and discrete track medium. It is shown that the magnetization in a neighboring track of the discrete track medium is smaller than that of the continuous track medium. The output of the read head using the discrete track medium is larger than that of the continuous track medium when a suitable read head width is chosen so that the cross talk is negligible.</p
Correction to “Envelope broadening of spherically outgoing waves in three‐dimensional random media having power law spectra” by Tatsuhiko Saito, Haruo Sato, and Masakazu Ohtake
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