1,720,986 research outputs found
Integrated Computer-Aided Innovation: The PROSIT approach
Full text linkThe paper presents a methodology aimed at the improvement of the product development cycle through
the integration of Computer-Aided Innovation (CAI) with Optimization and PLM systems. The
interoperability of these tools is obtained through the adoption of Optimization systems as a bridging
element between CAI and PLM systems. This methodology was developed within the PROSIT project
(http://www.kaemart.it/prosit).
The paper describes the main issues related to the integration of these complementary instruments
and the solutions proposed by the authors. More specifically, the main idea of the PROSIT project to link
CAI and Optimization systems is the adoption of the latter tools not just to generate optimized solutions,
but also as a design analysis tool, capable to outline critical aspects of a mechanical component in terms
of conflicting design requirements or parameters. CAI systems are then applied to overcome the
contradictory requirements. The second step, i.e. the integration between Optimization and PLM
systems, has been obtained through the development of Knowledge-Based (KB) tools to support
designer’s activities. More in details, they provide means to analyze and extrapolate useful geometrical
information from the results provided by the optimizer, as well as semi-automatic modelling features for
some specific geometries. A detailed example related to the design of a plastic wheel for light motoscooters
clarifies the whole procedure. The paper integrates, extends and updates topics presented in
Cugini et al., Barbieri et al. and Cascini et al. [U. Cugini, G. Cascini, M. Ugolotti, Enhancing interoperability
in the design process—the PROSIT approach, in: Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP Working Conference on
Computer-Aided Innovation, Brighton (MI), USA, October 8–9, 2007, published on Trends in Computer-
Aided Innovation, Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-75455-0, pp. 189–200; L. Barbieri, F. Bruno, M.
Muzzupappa, U. Cugini, Design automation tools as a support for knowledge management in topology
optimization, in: Proceedings of the ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences
& Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE 2008), Brooklyn, New York, USA,
August 3–6, 2008; L. Barbieri, F. Bruno, M. Muzzupappa, U. Cugini, Guidelines for an efficient integration
of topological optimization tools in the product development process, in: Third International Conference
on Design Computing and Cognition, Atlanta, USA, June 23–25, 2008; G. Cascini, P. Rissone, F. Rotini,
From design optimization systems to geometrical contradictions, in: Proceedings of the 7th ETRIA TRIZ
Future Conference, Frankfurt, Germany, November 6–8, 2007]
Operator 4.0: Industrial Augmented Reality, Interfaces and Ergonomics
Full text linkIl programma Industry 4.0, in Germania, e le corrispondenti iniziative internazionali continueranno a trasformare la forza e l’ambiente di lavoro nell’industria fino al 2025.
Parallelamente all'evoluzione del settore, la storia dell'interazione dell’operatori con le varie tecnologie di produzione industriale e digitale può essere riassunta come un'evoluzione generazionale verso la generazione dell’Operatore 4.0.
Questo lavoro di tesi mira ad applicare le tecnologie abilitanti di Industry 4.0 per progettare e sviluppare, metodi e applicazioni a supporto della figura di Operator 4.0 rispetto a tre delle sue otto sfaccettature: l'Augmented Operator, il Virtual Operator e l'Healthy Operator.
Nel Capitolo 1, presentiamo le ricerche svolte nel campo Industrial Augmented Reality. Descriviamo la tecnologia della Realtà Aumentata (AR) e la sua applicazione nel campo della Realtà Aumentata Industriale (IAR). Nel capitolo 2 presentiamo un prototipo di banco di lavoro badato su Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) progettato nelle prime fasi di questa ricerca e descriviamo gli esperimenti effettuati per convalidare la sua efficienza come supporto per Operator 4.0.
Nel Capitolo 3 descriviamo gli esperimenti effettuati per ottimizzare la leggibilità del testo mostrato nelle interfacce AR per Optical See-Through Displays. In questa ricerca, proponiamo nuovi indici estratti dalle immagini di background, visualizzati su uno schermo LCD, e li confrontiamo con quelli proposti in letteratura attraverso un test utente specifico.
Nel Capitolo 4 presentiamo un framework AR per dispositivi palmari che aiuta gli utenti nella comprensione delle informazioni sugli impianti descritte tradizionalmente attraverso i Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P & ID) su supporto cartaceo.
Nel Capitolo 5 descriviamo la ricerca svolta nel campo delle Human Machine Interfaces relativa all'uso delle interfacce utente naturali in realtà virtuale. Abbiamo progettato e sviluppato un'interfaccia gestuale per la navigazione di tour virtuali costituiti da immagini sferiche. Abbiamo confrontato l'interfaccia sviluppata con una classica controllata da mouse per valutare l'efficacia di tale interfaccia in termini di accettazione e coinvolgimento degli utenti.
Nel Capitolo 6, descriviamo un framework generale per la progettazione di un vocabolario di gesti per la navigazione delle istruzioni tecniche nei manuali digitali per le operazioni di manutenzione. Viene anche proposta e utilizzata una procedura di validazione per confrontare i vocabolari gestuali in termini di fatica e carico cognitivo.
Nel Capitolo 7, trattiamo l'aspetto dell’Healthy Operator. Descriviamo la progettazione e lo sviluppo di uno strumento software semi-automatico in grado di monitorare l'ergonomia dell'operatore nell’ambiente di lavoro valutando la metrica Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Descriviamo il design e lo sviluppo del nostro prototipo software, il K2RULA, basato su un sensore a basso costo, il Microsoft Kinect v2. Successivamente, convalidiamo il nostro strumento con due esperimenti. Nel primo, lo confrontiamo con un sistema di tracking ottico, il golden standard di settore. Nel secondo confrontiamo i risultati restituiti dal prototipo con quelli calcolati da un valutatore esperto.
Infine, traiamo le nostre conclusioni sul lavoro svolto e cerchiamo di tracciare un percorso per lo sviluppo futuro delle nostre ricerche.The German program Industry 4.0 and the corresponding international initiatives will continue to transform the industrial workforce and their work environment through 2025.
In parallel with the evolution of the industry, the history of the interaction of operators with various industrial and digital production technologies can be summarized as a generational evolution towards the Operator 4.0 generation.
This work aims at applying the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 in order to design and develop, methods and applications supporting the figure of the Operator 4.0 with respect three out of her/his eight facets – the Augmented Operator, the Virtual Operator, and the Healthy Operator.
In Chapter 1, we introduce the researches carried out in the IAR field. We describe the Augmented Reality (AR) technology and its application in the field of the Industrial Augmented Reality (IAR). In chapter 2, we present a Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) workbench prototype designed in the early stage of this research and we describe the experiments carried out to validate its efficiency as support to the Operator 4.0.
In Chapter 3, we describe the experiments carried out to optimize legibility of text shown in AR interfaces for optical see-through displays. In this research, we propose novel indices extracted from the background images, displayed on an LCD screen, and we compare them with those proposed in the literature by designing a specific user test.
In Chapter 4, we present an AR framework for handheld devices that enhance users in the comprehension of plant information traditionally conveyed through printed Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID).
In Chapter 5 we describe the research carried out in the field of HMI related to the use of Natural User Interfaces in Virtual Reality. We designed and developed a gesture interface for navigation of virtual tours made-up of spherical images. We compared the developed interface with a classical mouse-controlled one to evaluate the effectiveness of such an interface in terms of user acceptance and user engagement.
In Chapter 6, we describe a general framework to design a mid-air gesture vocabulary for the navigation of technical instructions in digital manuals for maintenance operations. A validation procedure is also proposed and utilized to compare gesture vocabularies in terms of fatigue and cognitive load.
In Chapter 7, we treat the facet of the Healthy Operator. We describe the design and development of a semi-automatic software tool able at monitoring the operator ergonomics in the shop floor by assessing Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) metrics. We describe the design and development of our software prototype – the K2RULA - based on a low- cost sensor, the Microsoft Kinect v2 depth-camera. Subsequently, we validate our tool with two experiments. In the first one, we compared the K2RULA grand-scores with those obtained with a reference optical motion capture system. In the second experiment, we evaluate the agreement of the grand-scores returned by the proposed application with those obtained by a RULA expert rater.
Finally, we draw our conclusions regarding the work carried out and try to map out a path for the future development of our researches in these fields
An experimental environment for the runtime communication among different solvers and visualization modules.
No full textDynamic simulation of virtual prototypes in immersive environment
No full textVirtual Reality (VR) became a very common mean during the development of the industrial products. One of the main applications of VR in the industrial field is the validation of Virtual Prototypes (VP). The user of the VR application can interact with the Virtual Prototype in a very natural way. A virtual prototype should be able to reproduce, as realistically as possible, the behaviour of the product from any point of view. In this paper we propose an unexploited approach to the simulation of a VP in VR. A high level software library for the inter-process communication (IPC) has been developed to let the multi-body solver communicate with the VR environment. Such approach allows the designer to use different software frameworks for the simulation and the visualisation. The test case provided regards an excavator machine. It is possible to simulate the action of the actuators to move arms and bucket, and also perform visibility analyses discovering the viewing volume of the operator
Innovative integration techniques between Virtual Reality systems and CAx tools.
No full textThe efficacy of virtual reality (VR) as a design support technique is widely recognised by industries. However, the efficiency of the routine employment of VR into the product development process (PDP) still finds an obstacle in the poor integration of the tools employed. The use of VR still needs long and quite hard procedures to work effectively; the models have to be converted into a format that is compatible with VR systems and each task requires an effort to prepare the virtual environment or to post-process the results that depend on the complexity of the task. This work analyses some VR applications into the PDP and describes some ideas to effectively support the operator that prepares the virtual environment. These ideas have been tested by developing four software interfaces, able to create an easy data exchange link between VR and other design tools like CAD, CAE and computer aided control engineering (CACE)
Guidelines for an efficient integration of Computer Aided Innovation with Optimization and PLM systems
No full textCo-Simulazione meccatronica di una piattaforma di lavoro elevabile con braccio articolato
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