84 research outputs found
Dacus (Psilodacus) merzi White
No full textDacus (Psilodacus) merzi White Dacus (Psilodacus) merzi White, 2006: 132 Material. KENYA: 2 males, 1 female, Mt. Elgon Lodge, 1 – 6.xi. 1983, A. Freidberg (TAU) Remarks. White (2006) described this species from a single male which had an almost complete (c. 90 %) covering of microtrichia in cell c. These males are similar but the female has a considerably reduced covering of microtrichia in cell c (around 75 %) and will erroneously run to D. herensis Munro, 1984 using the key provided by White (2006) (corrected in revised key). The known males, including the holotype, all have a large inverted-V mark on the face, just below the antennal insertions. In the female this is reduced to a pair of very small dark marks.Published as part of White, Ian M. & Goodger, Kim F. M., 2009, African Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae); New Species and Data, with Particular Reference to the Tel Aviv University Collection, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 2127 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27492
Epischnomyia merzi Rohacek 2009
No full textEpischnomyia merzi Roháček, 2009 (Fig. 66) Material examined. CHINA: SICHUAN : Pingwu Co., Mianyang, Laohegou (= Old Creek), Xiaogou (= Small Valley), 32°29′02.47′′N 104°42′21.17′′E, 15.v.2016, 1814 m, 1 1 ♀ in copula on leaf, S. + S. Marshall leg. (DEBU, dried from ethanol and mounted on triangular pinned card, both genit. prep. but female body lost during drying process so only its abdomen is preserved). Remarks. The pair of specimens examined belong to the pale form of E. merzi as described by ROHÁČEK (2009: 80) having frons and medial part of mesonotum largely yellow although the latter has a pair of faint vittae in the female (see Fig. 66). This form closely resembles in colour the species E. triarmigera (Sueyoshi & Roháček, 2003) but detailed study of characters of the male and female terminalia confirmed the identity of the above Chinese specimens as E. merzi. Biology. Very little known. The type specimens were found in South Korea in forests at higher altitudes (750–1200 m) in the second half of June (ROHÁČEK 2009). The specimens from Sichuan were photographed on a small shrub in a slightly open hilltop (1814 m) surrounded by dense forest (as in Fig. 67) in May (S. A. Marshall, personal communication, 2018). The first habitat photos (see also that of E. tkoci below, Fig. 72) of Epischnomyia species in China indicate that members of this genus could be associated with dicotyledonous plants in the undergrowth of leafy forests. Distribution. South Korea (ROHÁČEK 2009), China: Sichuan (new record).Published as part of Roháček, Jindřich, 2018, First Anthomyzidae (Diptera) from China: a new genus, six new species and new records, pp. 35-76 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0007, http://zenodo.org/record/367672
Parallelomma merzi OZEROV 2011
No full textParallelomma merzi OZEROV, 2011a D i s t r i b u t i o n: Thailand, Vietnam (OZEROV & KRIVOSHEINA 2011a). C o m m e n t: MERZ (2006: 224) cited one male of Parallelomma sp. from MHNG as "...first genus of this family recorded from Thailand ". This specimen was later described by OZEROV & KRIVOSHEINA (2011a) as a new species.Published as part of V, Marco, 2021, Annotated supplements to catalogues of the family Scathophagidae (Diptera) in the world, with new taxonomic data, notes on some species and new list of species, pp. 1267-1306 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 1274, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.503898
Meoneura merzi Ozerov et Krivosheina, sp. n.
No full text<i>Meoneura merzi</i> Ozerov et Krivosheina, sp. n. <p>Fig. 1</p> <p> TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype – ♂, <b>Kazakhstan</b>: Kara-Tau Gebirge, 15 km N Atabaj (now is Karnak, 43.52 o N, 68.34 o E), 550–700 m, 9.V 1994 (leg. B. Merz) (deposited in the collection of the MHNG). The whole specimen is macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial.</p> <p> DESCRIPTION. MALE. Head: frons dark brown, face, gena and occiput black. Setae well developed, postocellar setae slightly diverging. 1 strong bristle on vibrissal angle and additional 2 strong setae on gena present. Frons parallel. Frontal triangle reaching about half the length of the frons, not differentiated from the rest of the frons. Both postpedicels missing. Antennal grooves not deep with a small but distinct carina. Gena broad, height below eye about 1/3 of the maximum eye height. Thorax black. Scutum mostly shining, with 0+3 dorsocentral bristles. Scutellum microtrichose. Legs black. Fore femur with three posteroventral long setae. Wing is typical for <i>Meoneura</i> species, slightly whitish. Knob of halter dirty white. Abdomen black. Male terminalia as in Fig. 1. Surstylus V-shaped, divided in two arms: upper long and stick-like, lower wide, shorter than upper arm, with numerous hairs internally. Lamella present, simple, with long setae internally.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Length of body 4.1 mm; length of wing 3.2 mm.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Kazakhstan.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS. <i>Meoneura merzi</i> can easily be recognized by the unique genitalia (Fig. 1), which are more similar to <i>M. neotiophila</i> Collin, 1930 (Fig. 2).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. This species name is a patronym for Dr Berhard Merz (Geneva), collector of this species.</p>Published as part of <i>Ozerov, A. L. & Krivosheina, M. G., 2013, New Species Of The Genus Meoneura Rondani, 1856 (Diptera, Carnidae) From Kazakh- Stan, pp. 10-12 in Far Eastern Entomologist 257</i> on pages 10-11, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10083446">10.5281/zenodo.10083446</a>
Rhagoletis merzi Korneyev & Smith & Hulbert & Frey & Korneyev 2022, sp. n.
No full textRhagoletis merzi sp. n. (figs 1, c; 7–8) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ADCCE1F4-7DB8-4EB6-9B5C-339A7F8F6ED9 Rhagoletis batava: Merz, 1994: 108 (misidentification); Rhagoletis flavigenualis: V. Korneyev in: Merz, 2006: 8 (misidentification); Rhagoletis sp. near flavigenualis: Korneyev et al., 2018 a: 466. T y p e m a t e r i a l. Holotype Ơ: Switzerland: Visperterminen, VS, 1400 m, 26.07.1990 (Merz) (MNHG ENTO 00012822) (MHNG). Paratypes: Switzerland: 1 ♀, Visperterminen, h = 1400 m, 17.07.1995 (Merz) (MNHG ENTO 00012824); Visperterminen, VS, 1400 m: 1 Ơ, 18.07.1993 (Merz) (MNHG ENTO 0001825); 1 Ơ, idem, 1520 m, 20.07.1993 Wald (Merz) (MNHG ENTO 0001828); 1 Ơ, idem, 17.07.1995 (Merz) (MNHG ENTO 0001823); 1 Ơ, Visperterminen, Kreuz, h = 1500 m, 21.07.2004 (Merz) (MNHG ENTO 0001827) (MHNG); Visperterminen, [Kreuz,] h = 1300–1900 m [swept from Juniperus sabina], 21.07.2004, 1 Ơ, 1 ♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) (SIZK). N o n - t y p e s p e c i m e n s. Switzerland: Visperterminen, h = 1300–1900 m, reared from Juniperus sabina fleshy cones, 3 puparia [used for DNA extraction completely], 17.10.2016 (J. Smith). D i a g n o s i s. Rhagoletis merzi is similar to all other species having the wing pattern with four dark bands, apical band joined to subapical band and separated by a crescent hyaline area from the costal vein anteroapically. It is most similar to, and in fact to our knowledge morphologically indistinguishable from, the Nearctic R. juniperina. Both species have the occiput widely black or brown on the upper 1/3, wing bands uniformly brown to blackish, mid and hind femora black, male lateral surstylus with the posterior lobe relatively short, 0.6–0.75 times as long as surstylus basal of prensisetae (fig. 8, b), and female spermathecae large, 0.09 mm in diameter, with short neck (fig. 2, f). We recognize R. merzi as a distinct species from R. juniperina based on the significant genetic distance between their COI sequences (K2P = 0.071). Rhagoletis merzi is also very similar to the Central Asian R. mongolica and R. scutellata (both known only from their holotypes, not examined for potential genitalic differences) in general appearance, including the wing pattern and having the occiput widely black on the upper 1/3. Rhagoletis mongolica is also associated with J. sabina, like R. merzi, whereas the host for R. scutellata is unknown. Rhagoletis merzi differs from R. mongolica by having black rather than yellow femora and from R. scutellata by abdominal tergites 2–4 having whitish or yellowish posterior margins and the basicostal cell brownish (in R. scutellata, basicostal cell entirely hyaline and abdominal tergites uniformly black or brown). This species readily differs from the West Palearctic R. flavigenualis and R. zernyi by having the widely black or brown median occipital sclerite, black mid and hind femora, and uniformly brown wing bands (in R. flavigenualis and R. zernyi median occipital sclerite and all femora uniformly yellow (very rarely only hind femur partly brown), and the wing bands at least partly yellow with brownish borders; R. zernyi differs also by having the discal and subapical bands widely fused). The genetic distance between R. merzi and R. flavigenualis is also significant (K2P = 0.063 –0.066). Rhagoletis merzi is similar to the Palearctic species R. bagheera and R. batava, and the Nearctic R. bushi in having the wing bands uniformly brown to blackish, and mid and hind femora black, differing from them by having the male lateral surstylus with the posterior lobe conspicuously shorter, 0.6–0.75 times as long as the surstylus basal of the prensisetae (fig. 8, b) vs. 1.3–1.4 times as long as the surstylus basal of the prensisetae in R. bagheera (fig. 3, c) and R. batava (fig. 6, a), and female spermathecae larger, 0.09 mm in diameter, with a short neck (fig. 2, f) vs. 0.02–0.03 mm in diameter, with the neck longer than the spermatheca itself in R. bagheera and R. batava. Rhagoletis merzi also has a different host plant, Juniperus sabina L., vs. Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) for R. batava and Rhamnus palasii (Rhamnaceae) for R. bagheera. The genetic distance between R. merzi and R. batava is K2P = 0.064 –0.068, and between R. merzi and R. bushi K2P = 0.078 –0.079. D e s c r i p t i o n. Head. Orange-yellow, ocellar triangle, ventral part of median occipital sclerite and often occiput lateral of it black or brown. Antennal arista pubescent. Setae black except postocellar, posterior genal, and some occipital setae white. Paravertical seta short, about as long as black acuminate postocular setae. — Thorax. Scutum black, yellowish setulose, with microtrichia pattern with two pairs of partly fused matte grayish vittae separated by subshining darker areas.Postpronotal lobe and notopleural stripe creamy white to yellow; scutellum pale yellow, black on anterior margin dorsally and laterally. All thoracic setae black; basal scutellar seta inserted into black area. Halter yellow to creamy white. — Legs. Fore coxa yellow, mid and hind coxae black or brown; fore and mid trochanters yellow; hind trochanter brown or black; fore femur yellow anteroventrally, black posterodorsally; mid and hind femora black except apices yellow; hind femur somewhat thickened in male, with 2–3 longer subapical anterodorsal and 2–3 longer subapical anteroventral setae; tibiae and tarsi yellow (fig. 7). — Wing (fig. 1, c). 2.3 times as long as wide, with pattern consisting of basicostal cell with brownish tinge and four dark brown bands; subbasal band from humeral crossvein over basal half of costal cell through cells br, bm and cua (= anal cell auctt.) slightly into cell cup, discal band from pterostigma over crossvein r-m to posterior margin between veins M 4 (= CuA 1) and CuA + CuP (= CuA 1 +A 1), subapical band from middle of cell r 1 over crossvein dm-m (= dm-cu) and apical band from middle of cell r 1 into apex of cell m 4; discal band separated from both subbasal and subapical bands (figs. 1, c; 7, a) or at most narrowly fused with subapical band at posterior margin (fig. 7, c); subapical and subapical bands fused in cells r 1 and r 2+3; apical band separated from costa between apex of cell r 1 and vein M 1; no intercalary band; vein R 4+5 dorsally with 1 seta at node. — Abdomen. All segments mostly black, posterior margin of tergites 2–4 in male, and 2–5 in female narrowly creamy yellow (figs. 9, b, d). Oviscape shining black, as long as tergite 5; setae and setulae black. — G e n i t a l i a. M a l e. Epandrium black. Proctiger as long as epandrium (fig. 10, b). Surstylus dark yellow, lateral susrtylus with posterior lobe short, 0.6–0.75 times as long as surstylus basal of prensisetae (fig. 9, b). Phallus with moderately large glans (fig. 8, c) having membranous, narrow, finger-like apicodorsal process, large prepuce with smooth walls, and acrophallus with pair of semitubular filaments, very similar to that of R. bagheera (Richter & Kandybina, 1997: fig. 5), R. flavigenualis (fig. 6, c) and R. juniperina (Bush, 1966: fig. 125); preglans short and simple, without eversible caecum. Female. Eversible membrane with two pairs of taeniae 0.5 × as long as membrane itself, ventral side of membrane with scales of different size, medial ones larger than lateral ones and moderately pointed (fig. 9, g). Two globular spermathecae, 0.09 mm in diameter, with long scale-like papillae on surface (fig. 9, f). Aculeus brown, 5.5 × as long as wide, with acute apex (figs. 9, d–e). Measurements. Body length Ơ = 3.8–4.2 mm; wing length Ơ = 4.1–4.2 mm. Body length ♀ = 4.0– 4.4 mm; wing length Ơ = 3.0, wing length ♀ = 3.6 mm, costal cell length = 0.9; aculeus length = 0.85 mm; aculeus length /costal cell length = 0.9. Host plant. Juniperus sabina L. The pupae for DNA analysis were reared from the same plants and in the same locality as the type specimens were swept. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Switzerland. E t y m o l o g y. This species is named in honor of the eminent Swiss dipterist Dr.Bernhard Merz, who collected most of the type specimens, in recognition of his contributions to the study of fruit flies. Remarks. Kandybina (1977) reported specimens of “ R. mongolica ” with entirely black femora and partly black tibiae reared from Juniperus sabina in Kyrgyzstan, which need re-examination to determine whether they are conspecific with R. merzi.Published as part of Korneyev, S. V., Smith, J. J., Hulbert, D. L., Frey, J. E. & Korneyev, V. A., 2022, A New Species Of Rhagoletis (Diptera, Tephritidae) From Switzerland, With Discussion Of Its Relationships Within The Genus, pp. 1-20 in Zoodiversity 56 (1) on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2022.01.001, http://zenodo.org/record/645614
Epischnomyia merzi Rohacek 2009
No full textEpischnomyia merzi Roháček, 2009 (Figs 51, 52) Material examined. NORTH KOREA (D.P.R.Korea):Paekdusan Mts, Onsupjong, 19.viii.1989, 1♀, M. Kozánek leg. (SMOC, genit. prep.). Remarks. This species is very similar and closely related to E. triarmigera (for detail see RඈIJගඹൾκ 2009). Biology. Information obtained from a recent record from Sichuan (RඈIJගඹൾκ 2018) indicates that this, and probably also other species of Epischnomyia, are associated with dicotyledonous plants in herbaceous undergrowth of humid leafy forests. Adults were encountered in May (RඈIJගඹൾκ 2018), June (RඈIJගඹൾκ 2009) and August (the present record). Distribution. The species was described from South Korea (RඈIJගඹൾκ 2009) and later recorded from China (Sichuan). The first record from North Korea (see above) represents a new northernmost occurrence of the species.Published as part of Roháček, Jindřich, 2021, New species and records of Anthomyzidae (Diptera) from the East Palaearctic, with a checklist of taxa occurring in the area, pp. 261-288 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 61 (1) on page 279, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2021.016, http://zenodo.org/record/517747
Service Delivery in Smart Environments by Implicit Organizations
No full textWe present a novel technique to combine services, provided by mobile as well as fixed devices, on-the-fly and in a context-sensitive way within smart environments containing groups of people. The key intuition at the base of our approach is that, in those environments, similar functions are provided simultaneously by many agents on board of different devices; the issue becomes then of combining and coordinating their services in order to exploit their aggregated power or improve delivery. At the core of our work is the idea of implicit organizations, that is, teams of agents that continuously renegotiate how to provide services while the environment evolves. A concept demonstrator shows how implicit organizations can support a smart virtual meeting room. We foresee the application of our approach in assisting users and groups of users in active environments, such as an active museum. Here, our approach can enhance knowledge transfer and communication for groups visiting together cultural exhibits. 1
Intra-Role Coordination Using Group Communication: A Preliminary Report
No full textWe propose group communication for agent coordination within “active rooms ” and other pervasive computing scenarios featuring strict real-time requirements, inherently unreliable communication, and a large but continuously changing set of context-aware autonomous systems. Messages are exchanged over multicast channels, which may remind of chat rooms in which everybody hears everything being said. The issues that have to be faced (e.g., changing users ’ preferences and locations; performance constraints; redundancies of sensors and actuators; agents on mobile devices continuously joining and leaving) require the ability of dynamically selecting the “best ” agents for providing a service in a given context. Our approach is based on the idea of implicit organization, which refers to the set of all agents willing to play a given role on a given channel. An implicit organization is a special form of team with no explicit formation phase and a single role involved. No middle agent is required. A set of protocols, designed for unreliable group communication, are used to negotiate a coordination policy, and for team coordination. Preconditions and effects of these protocols are formalized by means of the joint intention theory (JIT)
Hybos merzi PLANT 2013, sp. nov.
No full textHybos merzi sp. nov. (Figs 109–112, 262) Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep Pui National Park, What Pratat, 18.80N, 98.92E, 1200 m, 26.x.2000, leg. Merz & Schendinger (MHNG). PARATYPES: 3♂, Kamphaeng Phet Province, Mae Wong National Park, Chong Yen, 16°5.212'N, 99°6.576'E, 1306 m; pan trap, 11–12.x.2007, 14– 15.x.2007; Malaise trap 17–24.ix.2007 (QSBG and NMWC). Etymology. Named in honour of the co-collector of this species, Bernhard Merz of Genève, Switzerland. Diagnosis. A black legged species with antennal stylus bare, pale setae behind posterior coxa and posterior femur strongly inflated, not at all petiolate basally. No strong ventral bristle at base of mid metatarsus. The legs are more strongly setose than either H. khamfui sp. nov. or H. saenmueangmai sp. nov.; the posterior femur bears rows of distinct bristles in front and behind; there is an ad fringe of bristles on the mid femur and about 2 long bristly hairs beneath the front tibia preapically. The male terminalia have long yellow bristles, many of which are strongly curved apically. Description. Male: body length 4.5–5.0 mm. Head subshining black dusted greyish, more strongly so about mouth edge behind eye; occipital setae black. Antenna black; postpedicel ovate in lateral view, 2.5–3.0X long as wide, apparently lacking dorsal seta; stylus bare, 5–6X long as postpedicel, black, distal 0.2 narrower appearing whitish in some lights. Mouthparts blackish, palpus very narrow, with black hairs. Thorax with ground colour black; postalar callus anterolaterally, pleura vaguely about base of wing, outer face of postpronotal lobe narrowly and extreme base of scutellum yellowish; dusted greyish on pleura, greyish brown on scutum and scutellum; acr regularly biserial, divergent, rather widely spaced posteriorly; dc uniserial, much shorter than acr excepting strong posterior bristle-like seta in front of prescutellar depression; 1 strong and 1 weak npl; pa moderately strong; scutellum with 2 distinct sct and about 6 very fine marginal hairs. Legs subshining black, thinly dusted greyish; mid tarsus and ‘knees’ of all legs distinctly paler, yellowish; T 2 vaguely paler than F 2; MT 2 paler still, dark yellowish brown. Coxae with hairs and bristles pale especially behind C 3 but some darker hairs on C 1 and C 2. F 1 with sparse ventral fringe of hairs almost as wide as limb is deep 0.3 from base, becoming shorter distally. F 2 with av and pv hairs longest medially where rather longer than limb is wide; ad series of about 6 distinct dark bristles, one at 0.8 from base strongest. F 3 moderately and quite evenly inflated, widest 0.5–0.7 from base; rather sparsely covered with brownish pubescent hairs; 1 row of 4–6 strong black bristles posteriorly, ~2–4 strong black bristles anteriorly and 2 rather more dorsally placed at about 0.7 and 0.8 from base; ventral spines black comprising av series of about 10 strong similarly sized bristles almost as long as limb is deep, and pv series which are longer on distal 0.5 but much smaller proximally; some short bristles between av and pv series. T 1 with distinct fringe of dark hairs dorsally from which can be distinguished 1 fine bristle at 0.3 and stronger one at 0.7; stronger setae ventrally at 0.7 and 0.8 and sometimes 0.5 from base ~4X long limb is wide, distinct from other longish hairs; apical circlet comprising long ad and ventral bristles with several smaller setae.T 2 slender, with strong dorsal bristles 0.4X long as limb at 0.15 and 0.5 from base and 1 rather longer ventral slightly beyond 0.5 and usually 1 or 2 shorter bristles on distal 0.3 dorsally; apical circlet of 6 strong bristles. T 3 with rather evenly sized pubescent hairs, a few dorsal hairs longer and 1 preapical longer still; short pilose yellow setulae posteroapically, contiguous with similar pile beneath basal two segments of hind tarsus. Front and mid tarsi with rather conspicuous hairs; MT 3 with ventral spine-like seta very short, no longer than surrounding yellow pubescence. Wing membrane slightly darkened, veins brown; stigma distinct, brown, long, reaching costa 0.7–0.8 distance between end of R 1 and R 2+3. Squamae with pale fringes. Halter yellowish. Abdomen black, dusted greyish; bristly hairs pale, longest and more numerous laterally. Terminalia (Figs 109–112) with long yellow bristles, many of which are strongly curved apically; left epandrial lamella broad, inner margin mostly rather linear; left surstylus (Fig. 112) moderately long, bluntly pointed viewed from above but broader when viewed laterally; right epandrial lamella concave on inner margin; right surstylus (Fig. 111) moderately long, viewed laterally forming elongate blunted triangle but viewed from above more narrowly pointed apically with internally facing subapical swelling. Hypandrium (Fig. 110) with broad apical lobe bearing curving bristles and smaller subapical lobe with linear bristles. Female. Unknown. Comments. Hybos merzi sp. nov. is only known from mid elevation (1,200 –1,306 m) forest during September and October at Doi Suthep Pui (Thanon Thongchai Range) and Mae Wong (northern Tenasserim Hills) national parks in the north of Thailand (Fig. 262). Hybos merzi sp. nov. might be confused with Hybos khamfui sp. nov. or H. saenmueangmai sp. nov., and the differences between them are discussed in the species account for H. khamfui sp. nov.Published as part of PLANT, ADRIAN R., 2013, The genus Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotidae) in Thailand, pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 3690 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3690.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/632981
NUV-HD SiPMs with Metal-filled Trenches
No full textIn this contribution we would like to present a breakthrough improvement of the optical crosstalk between SPADs in SiPMs. In the framework of a collaboration between FBK and Broadcom we developed narrow metal-filled trenches that greatly suppress the optical crosstalk while maintaining a high fill factor and, in turn, photon detection efficiency. In particular, the new metal in trench detector (NUV-HD-MT) features an internal crosstalk almost 10 times lower than previous NUV-HD FBK SiPMs and can operate up to 17 V of excess bias voltages without any divergence of the correlated noise. The higher operating bias compensates the small loss in fill factor due to the insertion of the metal layer in the trenches and allows the NUV-HD-MT to reach PDE in excess of 60% with 40 μm cells. Together with a SiPM layout optimized for timing, the extended bias range allows to operate the detector with higher gain and low level of correlated noise, improving the CTR performance below 90 ps using 4x4 mm2 detectors coupled to 3x3x5 mm3 LYSO:Ce crystals and readout by a conventional front-end. The characteristics described above allow this detector to be considered as a good candidate for the upgrade of ToF-PET machines
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