9,428 research outputs found
The Merchant of Venice: A critical analysis in terms of George Granville's adaptation of 1701
No full textA more precise evaluation of "The Merchant of Venice" may be gained through a critical comparison of the play with a much later adaption, that of George Granville in 1701, entitled "The Jew of Venice: A Comedy". A comparative critical analysis of the structure, character development, thematic treatment, and language of these two plays yields a better understanding of each play as a work of art. More important, however, a critical comparison of the two works brings into question the traditional classification of "The Merchant of Venice" as a romantic comedy. Past scholarships on "The Merchant of Venice" has been concerned primarily with the interpretation of the character of Shylock as the key to understanding Shakespeare's play. The problem of most analysis of "The Merchant of Venice" has been complicated and even clouded by the emotional reactions of both critics and actors to the role of Shylock. The extent to which critics differ and the extent to which both critic and actor rely upon Shylock as the key to understanding the play are evident in the divergence of opinion found in the body of pertinent criticism and in the variance of theatrical performances. There is a need to analyze the total structure of "The Merchant of Venice", for in doing so the dramatic function of Shylock becomes clear as well as the special functions of all other characters. The structure of "The Merchant of Venice", therefore, is by far the most important element to be considered in any comprehensive study of the play. Through the analysis of structure in relation to character development, thematic consistency, and language the grand design of the play becomes apparent. Besides clarifying the role of Shylock, juxtaposing Granville's adaption and Shakespeare's original reveals the tragic undertones and the satiric mode of Shakespeare's play, a revelation which is essential to any real understanding of "The Merchant of Venice". ..
Regulatory Uncertainty and Inefficiency for the Development of Merchant Lines in Europe
No full textThis paper evaluates regulatory uncertainty and inefficiency that may prevent merchant transmission investors from committing in Europe, in particular when they are dominant generators. We argue that market players may perceive regulatory uncertainty to acquire exemption on merchant line mainly because of the discretion given for the application of Art. 7 of the Regulation 1228/2003 on cross-border exchanges. However we show that an emerging strategy of the European Commission for granting exemption on merchant transmission line can be eventually derived from recent legal and regulatory proceedings. It mainly consists in relying on TSOs to build merchant lines. We demonstrate that this strategy is neither a first best nor a second best given imperfect unbundling and the current flows in the allocation of regulatory powers. Indeed, it prevents merchant line investment by dominant generators with low generation cost while they have currently more incentive than TSOs to build merchant lines. Since unregulated merchant transmission investment by generators would be problematic, we show eventually that the current strategy of the application of Regulation can easily be fine-tuned to reach this second-best optimum.Regulatory Uncertainty and Inefficiency for the Development of Merchant Lines in Europe
Eighteenth-century colonial American merchant ship construction
No full textPast research on eighteenth-century ships has primarily taken one of two avenues, either focusing on naval warship construction or examining the merchant shipping industry as a whole in terms of trends and economics. While these areas are important to pursue, comparatively little is known about actual construction techniques used on the ordinary merchant vessels of the period. Most modern sources emphasize hull design and lines drawings; contemporary sources take a similar direction, explaining the theory of ship design but often leaving out how to put the ship together. In recent years, however, new information has come to light through archaeological excavations regarding Anglo-American merchant ship construction. In this study, several of these shipwrecks were examined in light of economic factors and the literary evidence from the period in an attempt to gain a better understanding of colonial American merchant ship construction in the eighteenth century. While the data set was not large enough to make conclusive statements, this type of comparative analysis should begin to establish a
framework for the interpretation of future shipwreck excavations
Letter from Alexander Merchant, Department of State, Division of the American Republics, to DCR-W, November 9, 1943
No full textIn this letter, the author expresses his favorable opinion of Mr. Emmerson's report on the Japanese of Peru. Merchant praises his "extensive use of Japanese-language," and Spanish language materials as well.Collection of notes, articles, correspondence, photographs, and term papers collected by Yukio Mochizuki, a student at CSU Dominguez Hills, while researching Japanese American incarceration and Japanese Peruvian internment during World War II
Regulated and merchant interconnectors in Australia: SNI and Murraylink revisited
No full textThis paper examines the history of the various actual and proposed interconnectors between New South Wales and Victoria into South Australia. It covers the period from the earliest proposal for a regulated interconnector to the recent Victoria Supreme Court review and the latest ministerial proposals. It finds, inter alia, that the Supreme Court decision is likely to have strengthened, in a beneficial way, the regulatory regime for dealing with merchant interconnectors and the obligations on incumbent transmission companies. It finds that none of the proposals for regulated interconnectors did or would have passed the regulatory tests as formulated in terms of aggregate benefits to all market participants. It finds that neither of the merchant interconnectors (into South Australia and Queensland) are likely to have been profitable. It sees a possible explanation for the construction of regulated interconnectors in terms of the benefits to customers, or in terms of bringing about a single competitive market. Above all, it illustrates the political context in which decisions on interconnectors have been made, and the need to take account of such motivations when comparing the likely effects of regulated interconnectors versus merchant interconnectorsmerchant investment, interconnectors, electricity, regulation, transmission
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Regulated and merchant interconnectors in Australia: SNI and Murraylink revisited
No full textThis paper examines the history of the various actual and proposed interconnectors between New South Wales and Victoria into South Australia. It covers the period from the earliest proposal for a regulated interconnector to the recent Victoria Supreme Court review and the latest ministerial proposals. It finds, inter alia, that the Supreme Court decision is likely to have strengthened, in a beneficial way, the regulatory regime for dealing with merchant interconnectors and the obligations on incumbent transmission companies. It finds that none of the proposals for regulated interconnectors did or would have passed the regulatory tests as formulated in terms of aggregate benefits to all market participants. It finds that neither of the merchant interconnectors (into South Australia and Queensland) are likely to have been profitable. It sees a possible explanation for the construction of regulated interconnectors in terms of the benefits to customers, or in terms of bringing about a single competitive market. Above all, it illustrates the political context in which decisions on interconnectors have been made, and the need to take account of such motivations when comparing the likely effects of regulated interconnectors versus merchant interconnector
Review of "The Wise Merchant" by Michael J. Redmond.
No full textCaspar Barlaeus. The Wise Merchant. Ed. with intro. by Anna-Luna Post. Tr. with notes by Corinna Vermeulen. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. 134 pp. + 7 illus. ���29.99/$37.50. Review by Michael J. Redmond, University of Palermo
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Merchant and Regulated Transmission: Theory, Evidence and Policy
No full textEconomists acknowledge the problems of regulated transmission but
take different views about the likely efficiency of merchant transmission.
This paper examines the evidence on alleged market failure and
regulatory failure as experienced in practice in Australia and Argentina.
In these examples, merchant transmission (broadly defined to include
private initiatives) has generally not exhibited the standard examples of
market failure but regulated transmission generally has exhibited the
standard examples of regulatory failure. Imperfect information – more
specifically, in the form of lack of coordination – has often been a
challenge whatever the approach. Policy should therefore seek to
improve the regulatory framework and to remove barriers to merchant
transmission and private initiatives. An important role for regulation is to
facilitate coordination between potential providers and users of
transmission lines
Merchant Electricity Transmission Expansion: A European Case Study
No full textWe apply a merchant transmission model to the trilateral market coupling (TLC) arrangement among the Netherlands, Belgium and France as a generic example, and note that it can be applied to any general market splitting or coupling of Europe's different national power markets. In this merchant framework; the system operator allocates financial transmission rights (FTRs) to investors in transmission expansion based upon their preferences, and revenue adequacy. The independent system operator (ISO) preserves some proxy FTRs to deal with potential negative externalities due to an expansion project. This scheme proves to be capable in providing incentives for investment in transmission expansion projects within TLC areas.transmission expansion, trilateral market coupling, Europe, financial transmission rights, congestion management
The Cantelowe Accounts - Multilingual merchant records from Tuscany, 1450-1451
No full textThe Cantelowe Accounts appear to offer the earliest evidence of an English merchant using Italian as a second language. They were written by John Balmayn, an unknown Londoner, who travelled to Tuscany to oversee the sale of a valuable wool shipment in 1450-51 on behalf of his master - the Mercer, Sir William Cantelowe. The author uses an intriguing mix of four languages, combining Middle English, Latin and Anglo-French with the administrative Tuscan that he has learnt working alongside Florentine partners, such as the Salviati company. Two other striking features of the text are the extensive use of Arabic numerals, unparalleled in fifteenth-century English accounting, and the unusually detailed descriptions of merchant marks that were used to identify the woolsacks. Overall, the accounts are unique amongst multilingual medieval sources and will interest economic historians and historical linguists alike
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