61 research outputs found
Il fluoruro nelle bevande
No full textLa presenza del fluoruro ed il suo ruolo nell’alimentazione è stato oggetto di studio di numerosi ricercatori [1-3], per verificare quali possono essere gli effetti dell’ingestione di fluoruro sull’organismo.
Sono stati accertati effetti nocivi, ma anche effetti benefici.
Se il fluoruro viene ingerito in dosi molto elevate può portare sgradevoli conseguenze, ma anche se è totalmente assente dalla dieta alimentare o se presente a dosi molto basse può provocare comunque danni all’organismo.
In molti Paesi, le Autorità Sanitarie, nel quadro della prevenzione della carie si sono poste il problema di integrare ed aggiungere fluoruro alle acque potabili quando tale ione risultava carente.
La presenza di fluoruro in concentrazione di 1 mg/L, è certamente considerata desiderabile nelle acque e non solo non provoca danni, ma apporta notevoli benefici. Negli Stati Uniti esistono acque che hanno una concentrazione di fluoruro superiore a 10 mg/L.
E’ pertanto necessario sottolineare che la presenza dello ione fluoruro nelle acque è necessaria, ma bisogna altresì vigilare che, per gli esseri viventi, l’ingestione di fluoruro dagli alimenti non sia eccessiva e non porti di conseguenza danni fisici.
La principale fonte di ingestione di fluoruro per l’uomo è l’acqua.
La legge italiana [4] pone come limite al fluoruro nelle acque il valore di 1,5 mg/L. I limiti raccomandati nel 1962 dal servizio di Sanità Pubblica degli Stati Uniti nel 1962 arrivavano a poco meno di 2 mg/L e l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità nel 1969 ha raccomandato di introdurre la fluorazione delle acque potabili, con concentrazioni di fluoruro inferiore a 1mg/L, per prevenire la carie dentaria
Machado de Assis: une vie dans les periodiques
No full textEste trabalho é fruto do estágio de pós-doutoramento realizado com a supervisão da professora doutora Daniela Mantarro Callipo e é o desdobramento de uma pesquisa maior, realizada com fomento da FAPESP. Neste trabalho, observa-se como a vida do escritor Machado de Assis se confundia com sua obra, no sentido do interesse do público leitor, nas publicações periódicas dos anos de 1860 e 1870, tornando-a objeto do fenômeno da espetacularização. O cotejo dos textos e a posterior análise abriram caminho para a compreensão dos círculos de sociabilidades frequentados pelo então jovem escritor, além de apresentarem fatos e interpretações inéditas sobre a vida de Machado de Assis.This work results of a post-doctoral internship carried out under the supervision of professor Daniela Mantarro Callipo and is part of a larger research lead by her with funding from FAPESP. In this work, we observe how aspects of the personal life of the writer Machado de Assis became entangled with his professional work if análises by the optics of newspaper articles published about him in periodicals from the 1860s and 1870s, making the life of author itself the object of of spectacularization. The comparison of published texts and subsequent analysis opened the way to understanding the social circles frequented by the the writer, in addition to presenting unprecedented facts and interpretations about the life of Machado de Assis
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine administration: a report of two cases
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To describe 2 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) following the administration of MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine.
CASE SUMMARY:
An 83-year-old white woman developed persistent hyperpyrexia, polyarthralgia, and lower limb hypostenia about 2 days after receiving influenza vaccine. Clinical signs and laboratory evaluations suggested AIHA. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and immunoglobulins, and her clinical condition improved. A 74-year-old white woman developed severe abdominal pain and asthenia 3 days after the administration of influenza vaccine. Clinical signs and laboratory evaluations disclosed AIHA. She was treated with corticosteroids, rehydration, and blood transfusion; however, she died about 48 hours after hospitalization.
DISCUSSION:
AIHA has been rarely described following influenza vaccine administration. In the cases described here, the causal relationship between influenza vaccination and the occurrence of AIHA, assessed by means of World Health Organization criteria, was scored as probable. It has been proposed that the mechanism whereby vaccines induce autoimmune responses can be molecular mimicry, although a possible role of other vaccine constituents, with particular regard for adjuvants, such as MF59, can not be excluded. Squalene, a constituent of MF59, has been suggested as a causative agent of autoimmune reactions. However, it is not clear how and under what conditions squalene can cause immune responses.
CONCLUSIONS:
Influenza vaccination may rarely trigger severe AIHA, shortly after vaccine administration. A mechanism of molecular mimicry is probably involved in the development of these reactions, although the possible role of adjuvants can not be excluded. Patients should be instructed to report signs and symptoms of autoimmune disorders occurring in the first weeks after administration of influenza vaccine
Sistemi analitici avanzati per studi di processi di biodegradazione in acque di scarico.
No full textHow to read and report CTC
No full textOwing to encouraging results achieved in the clinical practice, CT colonography (CTC) is being increasingly employed for the examination of the whole colon and rectum and is quickly becoming a widely accepted diagnostic technique that is replacing double contrast barium enema and appears a promising tool for colorectal cancer screening as well. The increasing number of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing CTC for both evaluation of symptoms and colorectal cancer screening, along with the growing availability of CTC facilities in most healthcare departments and imaging centres, requires that a sufficient number of radiologists be adequately trained in performing and interpreting CTC studies. Indeed, optimal performance of CTC depends on a number of factors, including the quality of colonic preparation (e.g. laxative bowel cleansing and optimised colonic distension), the CTC image acquisition protocol used, and reading approach and specific skills of radiologists for correct detection and interpretation of colonic findings. Consequently, dedicated training and expertise is key to obtain high sensitivity in lesion detection and reduce the number of false positives, thus ensuring an optimal clinical management of patients. To this purpose, dedicated training programmes are essential to teach and standardise not only the approach to CTC reading, but also reporting of colonic findings
Telogen effluvium following bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine administration: a report of two cases
No full textWe describe two cases of telogen effluvium occurring in two 11-year-old children following bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine administration. The two children began to lose their hair following the second HPV vaccine dose. Alopecia worsened following the third vaccine dose and then resolved spontaneously within a few months. In both cases, laboratory analysis and psychiatric evaluation excluded causes other than anti-HPV vaccine. Social discomfort and isolation were associated with alopecia in the two children. The clinical presentation was consistent with a pattern of telogen effluvium. The identification of specific vaccine components responsible for triggering the adverse event remains difficult. In similar cases, suspension of immunization is not recommended, as it provides health benefits that overcome the possible adverse effect of transient telogen effluvium. Caregivers should ensure psychiatric support to their patients to manage the social and emotional distress that might be associated with hair loss
Estimation of Theoretical Cost Preventability Achievable with an Effective Pharmacovigilance Activity in a Pharmacovigilance Regional Centre in Italy
No full textIntroduction: The management of patients with adverse drug events (ADEs) has a significant economic impact owing to hospitalization and treatment costs. Recently, social and healthcare costs related to ADEs have become a relevant issue, and they are increasingly being included in budget estimations for health resource allocations.
Aim: To evaluate the costs of ADEs and their predictability, and to estimate the impact of a pharmacovigilance facility on ADE-related cost savings within a regional healthcare system.
Methods: A systematic review of English medical literature quoted in PUBMED (January 2005–March 2015) was conducted. We included all studies performed in Western Europe, USA and Canada about direct costs of ADEs in inpatient settings, for which the mean cost of serious and/or not-serious ADEs could be estimated. Studies on specific side-effects or drug-classes were excluded. The following data were extracted: mean cost of ADEs; percentage of preventable ADEs; charges for outpatient care and medications. The mean cost (into Euros) of serious and not-serious ADEs and the mean percentage of preventable ADEs were estimated. Based on spontaneous ADE reports recorded by the Tuscan Pharmacovigilance Centre in 2014, the theoretical cost of ADEs in Tuscany (3,704,152 inhabitants) was calculated. A sensitivity analysis was performed about cost (mean cost ±standard deviation ±50 %), and preventability (the maximum and minimum percentage estimated). The resulting range of ADE costs and the theoretically costs-saving that can be achieved with the implementation of pharmacovigilance activities were assessed.
Results: Fourteen studies were analyzed: 13 on serious ADEs; 3 on costs of not-serious ADEs; 8 on percentage of preventability. The mean cost of an ADE was: €3526 ± 1927 for serious and €172 ± 93 for not serious. We estimated a mean preventability of 51.3 ± 21 %. In 2014, the Italian National Network of Pharmacovigilance database accounted for 1498
serious ADEs and 2997 not-serious ADEs in Tuscany (1214 ADEs/million- inhabitants). The overall costs of ADEs incurred by the Tuscan Regional Healthcare System was: €5281,948 (€1,425,953/million-inhabitants; sensitivity analysis: €3304,827–322,957/million-inhabitants) for serious ADEs; €515,484 (€139,164/million-inhabitants; sensitivity analysis: €321,094 32,117/million-inhabitants) for not-serious ADEs. Based on the estimated preventable costs in Tuscany, an effective pharmacovigilance system could allow to save €2,974,083 (€802,905/million-inhabitants; sensitivity analysis: €1,697,370–237,115/million-inhabitants) over one-year.
Conclusion: Resource allocations to improve the regional pharmacovigilance systems might increase appropriateness and safety of therapies, thus reducing the costs incurred by regional healthcare systems. It could be obtained through: ADE evaluation systems; computerized prescription systems with alerts; continuing education of health professionals; multidisciplinary support to medical therapies
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