776 research outputs found
G. Lowes Dickinson. — Le développement du Parlement pendant le XIXe siècle, trad. et préface de M. Deslandres. — Paris, Giard, 1906
No full textSeignobos Charles. G. Lowes Dickinson. — Le développement du Parlement pendant le XIXe siècle, trad. et préface de M. Deslandres. — Paris, Giard, 1906. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 55, Janvier-Juin 1908. pp. 270-274
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Service users as peer research interviewers: why bother?
No full textDrawing on two studies completed within the social housing sector, this chapter asks if there are advantages to peer interviewing, whereby those currently or recently receiving services interview their peers as part of a research project. Contribution is made to the broader methodological debate of how service users should be involved in research about their lives. Along with contributions from a peer interviewer, we examine the benefits to peer interviewers themselves, and whether there are any positive differences for the people being interviewed. This chapter argues that there are clear methodological advantages to peer interviewing as it can lend vital insights from rapport with those often regarded as ‘hardest to reach’. The chapter also discusses peer interviewing in terms of strategic risk and limitations, as well as practical and ethical considerations. Ways of developing peer research in general are also suggested
La enseñanza y el espíritu de la investigación. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 94 (2016) mayo-agosto
No full text1 Desideratum: deseo. (N. del T.)2 Pou stō: punto de apoyo. (N. del T.)3 Aperçus: comprensión. (N. del T.)4 Mateo 25: 29.5 Sprit: espíritu. (N. del T.)6 Vivida vis anima: “la poderosa fuerza de la mente”. Lucrecio. (N. del T.)7 Now deed, and nayled in hir chestes: muertos hoy y claveteados en sus ataúdes. (N. del T.)8 Mit ein Bisschen andern Worten: “Con unas cuantas palabras diferentes”. Goethe, Fausto, primera parte. (N. del T.)9 Stuart Pratt Sherman (1881-1926) fue profesor de literatura en la Universidad del Noroeste y en la Universidad de Illinois. Estudió la obra del dramaturgo John Ford y durante los últimos años de su vida polemizó frecuentemente con H. L. Mencken. La frase exacta de Gilbert K. Chesterton es: “En este mundo no hay temas aburridos; lo que sí puede existir es una persona aburrida”, y está en su ensayo “On Mr. Rudyard Kipling and Making the World Small”, en Heretics (1905). (N. del T.)10 Dictum: pronunciamiento. (N. del T.)11 George Chapman (1559-1634) fue un poeta y dramaturgo inglés que tradujo libremente La Ilíada y La Odisea. John Keats (1795-1821) le dedicó en 1816 el soneto “On First Looking Into Chapman’s Homer”: “Much have I traveled in the realms of gold / And many goodly states and kingdoms seen; / Round many western islands have I been / Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold. / Oft of one wide expanse had I been told / That deep-browed Homer ruled as his demesne; / Yet never did I breathe its pure serene / Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold: / Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken; / Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / He stared at the Pacific —and all his men / Looked at each other with a wild surmise— / Silent, upon a peak in Darien”. (N. del T.)12 Mutatis mutandis: cambiando lo que haya que cambiar. (N. del T.)13 Opus unius diei, nec ludus parvulorum: “No es un juego de niños sino de mayores”. Imitación de Cristo, libro iii, capítulo 32. (N. del T.)14 Wie freie Kinder Gottes: como la libertad de los hijos de Dios. (N. del T.)15 Ad clerum: al clero. (N. del T.)16 Ex hypothesi: según la hipótesis. (N. del T.)17 1 Corintios 14:10-11. (N. del T.)18 George Henry Lewes (1817-1878), filósofo y crítico literario inglés. Fue pareja de la novelista Marian Evans, mejor conocida como George Eliot, con quien tuvo tres hijos. Fue un autor prolífico, y entre sus obras destacan: Life of Goethe (1855) y Actors and Acting (1875). (N. del T.)19 Sub specie æternitatis: “Desde la perspectiva de la eternidad”. Spinoza, Ética, parte V, proposición xxiii. (N. del T.)20 “Ancho mundo y ancha vida / largos años laboriosos, / eterno inquirir y hallar, círculo nunca cerrado, / aunque redondee su curva, / fiel custodia de lo antiguo, / mente abierta a lo moderno, / alma alegre y fines puros: / ¡Así se avanza algún trecho!”, preludio a Dios y mundo. Traducción de Rafael Cansinos Asséns. (N. del T.)Estudioso excepcional de la vida y obra de Samuel Taylor Coleridge y de Geoffrey Chaucer, John Livingston Lowes (1867-1945) no sólo escribió un par de obras notables en la historia literaria: Convention and Revolt in Poetry (1919) y The Road
to Xanadu. A Study in the Ways of Imagination (1927), sino que además durante la mayor parte de su vida se las arregló para combinar la enseñanza con la investigación, en un tiempo en el que esta última se veía al margen de cualquier actividad relevante. Éste es el texto de la conferencia que Lowes impartió en junio de 1932 en la Universidad de Brown. Tomado de la revista The American Scholar, enero de 1933, volumen II, número 1
Phenomenological hysteretic model for corroded reinforcing bars including inelastic buckling and low-cycle fatigue degradation
No full textA new phenomenological hysteretic model for reinforcing bars with and without corrosion damage is presented. The model simulates buckling of reinforcement, deterioration in post-buckling compressive strength due to strain history and the impact of low-cycle fatigue on tension response. The model, for uncorroded reinforcing bars, is calibrated using data from numerical simulations and corrosion damage parameters are calibrated using experimental data. The model is evaluated using a comprehensive experimental data set, and the results show that the model is in a good agreement with the data
Dipsticks and diagnostic algorithms in urinary tract infection: development and validation, randomised trial, economic analysis, observational cohort and qualitative study
No full textObjectives: to estimate clinical and dipstick predictors of infection and develop and test clinical scores; to compare management using clinical and dipstick scores with commonly used alternative strategies; to estimate the cost-effectiveness of each strategy; and to understand the natural history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and women's concerns about its presentation and management. Design: there were six studies: (1) validation development for diagnostic clinical and dipstick scores; (2) validation of the scores developed; (3) observation of the natural history of UTI; (4) randomised controlled trial (RCT) of scores developed in study 1; (5) economic analysis of the RCT; (6) qualitative study of patients in the RCT. Setting: primary care. Participants: women aged 17-70 with suspected UTI. Interventions: patients were randomised to five management approaches: empirical antibiotics; empirical delayed antibiotics; target antibiotics based on a higher symptom score; target antibiotics based on dipstick results; or target antibiotics based on a positive mid-stream specimen of urine (MSU). Main outcome measures: antibiotic use, use of MSUs, rates of reconsultation and duration, and severity of symptoms. Results: (1) 62.5% of women had confirmed UTI. Only nitrite, leucocyte esterase and blood independently predicted diagnosis of UTI. A dipstick rule--based on having nitrite or both leucocytes and blood--was moderately sensitive (77%) and specific (70%) [positive predictive value (PPV) 81%, negative predictive value (NPV) 65%]. A clinical rule--based on having two of urine cloudiness, offensive smell, reported moderately severe dysuria, moderately severe nocturia--was less sensitive (65%) (specificity 69%, PPV 77%, NPV 54%). (2) 66% of women had confirmed UTI. The predictive values of nitrite, leucocyte esterase and blood were confirmed. The dipstick rule was moderately sensitive (75%) but less specific (66%) (PPV 81%, NPV 57%). (3) Symptoms rated as moderately bad or worse lasted 3.25 days on average for infections sensitive to antibiotics; resistant infections lasted 56% longer, infections not treated with antibiotics 62% longer and symptoms associated with urethral syndrome 33% longer. Symptom duration was shorter if the doctor was perceived to be positive about prognosis, and longer with frequent somatic symptoms, previous history of cystitis, urinary frequency and more severe symptoms at baseline. (4) 66% of the MSU group had laboratory-confirmed UTI. Women suffered 3.5 days of moderately bad symptoms if they took antibiotics immediately but 4.8 days if they delayed taking antibiotics for 48 hours. Taking bicarbonate or cranberry juice had no effect. (5) The MSU group was more costly over 1 month but not over 1 year. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that for a value per day of moderately bad symptoms of over 10 pounds, the dipstick strategy is most likely to be cost-effective. (6) Fear of spread to the kidneys, blood in the urine, and the impact of symptoms on vocational and leisure activities were important triggers for seeking help. When patients are asked to delay taking antibiotics the uncomfortable and worrying journey from 'person to patient' needs to be acknowledged and the rationale behind delaying the antibiotics made clear. Conclusions: to achieve good symptom control and reduce antibiotic use clinicians should either offer a 48-hour delayed antibiotic prescription to be used at the patient's discretion or target antibiotic treatment by dipsticks (positive nitrite or positive leucocytes and blood) with the offer of a delayed prescription if dipstick results are negative
Using 4MOST to refine the measurement of galaxy properties: a case study of Supernova hosts
No full textThe Rubin Observatory's 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time will observe near to 20 billion galaxies. For each galaxy the properties can be inferred. Approximately 105 galaxies observed per year will contain Type Ia supernovae (SNe), allowing SN host-galaxy properties to be calculated on a large scale. Measuring the properties of SN host-galaxies serves two main purposes. The first is that there are known correlations between host-galaxy type and supernova type, which can be used to aid in the classification of SNe. Secondly, Type Ia SNe exhibit correlations between host-galaxy properties and the peak luminosities of the SNe, which has implications for their use as standardisable candles in cosmology. We have used simulations to quantify the improvement in host-galaxy stellar mass (M∗) measurements when supplementing photometry from Rubin with spectroscopy from the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) instrument. We provide results in the form of expected uncertainties in M∗ for galaxies with 0.1 < z < 0.9 and 18 < rAB < 25. We show that for galaxies mag 22 and brighter, combining Rubin and 4MOST data reduces the uncertainty measurements of galaxy M∗ by more than a factor of 2 compared with Rubin data alone. This applies for elliptical and Sc type hosts. We demonstrate that the reduced uncertainties in M∗ lead to an improvement of 7\% in the precision of the "mass step" correction. We expect our improved measurements of host-galaxy properties to aid in the photometric classification of SNe observed by Rubin
Objective and subjective experiences of developmental prosopagnosia
No full textIn this thesis, I investigated objective and subjective experiences of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), a neurodevelopmental condition that results in severe face recognition difficulties. To assess objective face processing, I first screened for general cognitive deficits that could explain poor face test performance. Participants completed a fluid reasoning task using abstract shapes. Potential DPs were more accurate than controls but significantly slower, suggesting speed-accuracy trade-off in non-face tasks. To address this, I calculated the Balanced Integration Score (BIS). Results showed no group differences, highlighting that DPs clearly adopted a different strategy from controls. I next investigated which face memory measures best classified DP. Participants completed two face memory tests, the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and Old New Faces, a bicycle memory task and a famous faces recognition test. I directly compared how well accuracy and (BIS) classified DP. BIS was a more sensitive measure than accuracy alone on these tasks, classifying 83% vs 58% of DPs respectively and produced larger group effect sizes. I next systematically tested which subprocesses of face perception were impaired in DP. Single case analysis, group comparisons and intraclass correlations showed that face perception ability was highly heterogenous. Data showed evidence for two sub types of DP; an apperceptive subtype, in which both face perception and face memory are impaired and a mnemonic subtype (in which only face memory is impaired). Finally, I explored subjective experiences of living with DP using a mixed methods survey. Responses provided further evidence of the heterogeneity of the condition and highlighted the types of difficulties that DPs experienced in everyday life and their priorities for future research. Being unable to recognise close friends and family was a common experience and lower CFMT scores were not associated with the ability to recognise friends and family
Property activity refinement of 2-anilino 4-amino substituted quinazolines as antimalarials with fast acting asexual parasite activity
No full textMalaria is a devastating disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. Emerging resistance against current antimalarial therapeutics has engendered the need to develop antimalarials with novel structural classes. We recently described the identification and initial optimization of the 2-anilino quinazoline antimalarial class. Here, we refine the physicochemical properties of this antimalarial class with the aim to improve aqueous solubility and metabolism and to reduce adverse promiscuity. We show the physicochemical properties of this class are intricately balanced with asexual parasite activity and human cell cytotoxicity. Structural modifications we have implemented improved LipE, aqueous solubility and in vitro metabolism while preserving fast acting P. falciparum asexual stage activity. The lead compounds demonstrated equipotent activity against P. knowlesi parasites and were not predisposed to resistance mechanisms of clinically used antimalarials. The optimized compounds exhibited modest activity against early-stage gametocytes, but no activity against pre-erythrocytic liver parasites. Confoundingly, the refined physicochemical properties installed in the compounds did not engender improved oral efficacy in a P. berghei mouse model of malaria compared to earlier studies on the 2-anilino quinazoline class. This study provides the framework for further development of this antimalarial class.Trent D. Ashton, Anna Ngo, Paola Favuzza, Hayley E. Bullen, Maria R. Gancheva, Ornella Romeo, Molly Parkyn Schneider, Nghi Nguyen, Ryan W.J. Steel, Sandra Duffy, Kym N. Lowes, Helene Jousset Sabroux, Vicky M. Avery, Justin A. Boddey, Danny W. Wilson, Alan F. Cowman, Paul R. Gilson, Brad E. Sleeb
The mechanistic basis for psoriasis immunopathogenesis: translating genotype to phenotype. Report of a workshop, Venice, 2012
No full textThe International Psoriasis Council, a global nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing psoriasis research and treatment, led an initiative to better define the pathogenic mechanisms that constitute psoriasis. In September 2012, a workshop was held at the 42nd Annual European Society for Dermatological Research in Venice, Italy. By assembling a panel of global dermatology and immunology experts, the objective was to evaluate the current status of the science explaining the mechanism of disease in psoriasis, e.g. dysregulation of the skin immune system and perturbations of epidermal homeostasis. The workshop consisted of four oral presentations, which addressed key topics in psoriasis, delivered by Herve Bachelez (Paris, France), Antonio Costanzo (Rome, Italy), Michelle Lowes (New York, NY, U.S.A.) and Frank Nestle (London, U.K.). A global expert panel was assembled to stimulate dialogue and debate: Kevin Cooper (Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.), Michel Gilliet (Lausanne, Switzerland), Joerg Prinz (Munich, Germany), Martin Rocken (Tubingen, Germany), Jens Schroeder (Kiel, Germany), Manuelle Viguier (Paris, France), Mayte Suarez-Farinas (New York, NY, U.S.A.) and Cristina Zielinski (Berlin, Germany). Collectively, the presentations demonstrated the significant advances in understanding immune regulation that have occurred over the past decade by virtue of the study of psoriasis subtypes, phenotypic manifestations and genetic associations. Elucidating the pathogenic and genetic basis of psoriasis holds the promise of a complete understanding of disease mechanisms, predictors of treatment response, novel drug development strategies and customized therapeutic regimens for the individual patient
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