297 research outputs found
Life expectancy inequalities in the elderly by socioeconomic status. Evidence from Italy
No full textBackground: life expectancy considerably increased in most developed countries during the twentieth century.
However, the increase in longevity is neither uniform nor random across individuals belonging to various
socioeconomic groups. From an economic policy perspective, the difference in mortality by socioeconomic
conditions challenges the fairness of the social security systems. We focus on the case of Italy and aim at
measuring differences in longevity at older ages by individuals belonging to different socioeconomic groups, also
in order to assess the effective fairness of the Italian public pension system, which is based on a notional defined
contribution (NDC) benefit computation formula, whose rules do not take into account individual heterogeneity in
expected longevity.
Methods: We use a longitudinal dataset that matches survey data on individual features recorded in the Italian
module of the EU-SILC, with information on the whole working life and until death collected in the administrative
archives managed by the Italian National Social Security Institute. In more detail, we follow until 2009 a sample of
11,281 individuals aged at least 60 in 2005. We use survival analysis and measure the influence of a number of
events experienced in the labor market and individual characteristics on mortality. Furthermore, through Kaplan-
Meier simulations of hypothetical social groups, adjusted by a Brass relational model, we estimate and compare
differences in life expectancy of individuals belonging to different socioeconomic groups.
Results: Our findings confirm that socioeconomic status strongly predicts life expectancy even in old age. All
Estimated models show that the prevalent type of working activity before retirement is significantly associated with
the risk of death, even when controlling for dozens of variables as proxies of individual demographic and
socioeconomic characteristics. The risk of death for self-employed individuals is 26% lower than that of employees,
and life expectancy at 60 differs by five years between individuals with opposite socioeconomic statuses.
Conclusions: our study is the first that links results based on a micro survival analysis on subgroups of the elderly
population with results related to the entire Italian population. The extreme differences in mortality risks by
socioeconomic status found in our study confirm the existence of large health inequalities and strongly question
the fairness of the Italian public pension system
Sviluppo di un nuovo approccio per il trattamento della batteriosi del kiwi
No full textPseudomonas syringae pv . actinidiae (PSA) è l'agente eziologico del cancro batterico del kiwi . Negli ultimi anni ha causato gravi perdite economiche per le coltivazioni di Actinidia, principalmente in Italia e Nuova Zelanda. Le strategie convenzionali adottate non hanno fornito un adeguato controllo dell'infezione. La terapia fagica può essere una risposta realistica e sicura all’urgente richiesta e necessità di agenti antibatterici che mirano a controllare questo batterio patogeno. In questo studio abbiamo descritto l'isolamento e la caratterizzazione di batteriofagi (detti anche fagi) in grado di infettare specificamente PSA. Tra questi φPSA2 è un fago litico della famiglia Podoviridae con un ampio spettro d’ospite e una forte attività battericida come determinato dalla misurazione del valore chiamato TOD. Per queste ragioni φPSA2 può essere considerato un buon candidato per la terapia fagica contro la batteriosi del kiwi
Gli istituti giuridici di sostegno agli anziani fragili: osservazioni e proposte. 2. Criticità e problemi dell'istituto dell'amministrazione di sostegno
No full textIl lavoro analizza la criticità procedurali dell'istituto dell'amministrazione di sostegno applicato all'anziano, a vent'anni dalla sua entrata in vigore, partendo dai dati statistici e considerando il punto di vista dei soggetti coinvolti a partire dalla persona fragile, per arrivare al giudice tutelare e a tutte le figure professionali coinvolt
Isolamento e caratterizzazione di batteriofagi specifici per Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: un nuovo approccio per il trattamento della batteriosi del kiwi. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages infecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: a new approach to the control of the bacterial canker of kiwi fruit.
No full textThis study describe the isolation and characterization of bacteriophages infecting Psa. The goal is to evaluate their potential use as treatment of kiwifruit bacteriosis. For this purpose, the isolation and the biological properties of selected bacteriophages, such as replication cycle, host range, morphology and stability in function of pH and temperature, are analyzed
Accesso dei piccoli proprietari forestali alla certificazione FSC: un’analisi delle principali criticità e opportunità in Europa
No full textMODELLING THE IN-PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF A MASONRY FAÇADE VIA A MULTI-UNIT DISCRETIZATION WITH SIMPLIFIED INTERFACE LAYOUT
No full textBased on a benchmark test, this paper discusses the validation process of a new numerical modelling procedure developed for simulating the behaviour of periodic masonry structures. The peculiarity of the analysed MUDis (Multi-Unit Discretization) procedure stands on the possibility to discretize any masonry walls with periodic arrangement using a limited number of repeated modules covering more than a single masonry unit, thus greatly reducing the inherent sources of nonlinearity and minimizing the computational effort. The modules are made of four linear elastic polygonal units separated by nonlinear interface elements whose preestablished layout allows to reproduce all the typical in-plane collapse mechanisms of masonry walls subjected to lateral loads. The mechanical parameters of the interface elements are described through the "combined cracking-shearing-crushing" model proposed by Lourenço & Rots and widely used in the FEM-based simplified micromodeling of masonry structures. Three of these parameters have been suitably modified by the Authors through parametric formulas in order to adapt the original constitutive model to the MUDis modelling. The reliability of the procedure, already validated for two-dimensional panels, is here evaluated by resorting to the experimental data of a real masonry façade for which results are available in the literature
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