1,721,136 research outputs found
DNA diagnostic tests for inherited diseases in pets in “Reproduction in companion exotic and laboratori animals
No full text
Valutazione e Comunicazione del Rischio in Sicurezza Alimentare : Definizioni, normativa, formazione, in Italia e nel contesto dell’Unione europea
No full textIl volume, per il suo approccio didattico e divulgativo, è adatto a chi intende avvicinarsi per la prima volta alla materia della valutazione del rischio in sicurezza alimentare. Vi si descrivono le conoscenze e le competenze necessarie per un’efficace valutazione e comunicazione del rischio, a partire dal corpo normativo e dallo scenario internazionale in cui queste sono inserite.
Vengono inoltre indicati i percorsi formativi di base e i supporti economici per conseguirli. I capitoli sono scritti da specialisti di grande professionalità ed esperienza, sono ben integrati nello sviluppo dell’argomento, ma al tempo stesso sono leggibili indipendentemente e corredati ciascuno da un aggiornato supporto bibliografico e sitografico. Il volume è un ottimo punto di partenza per approfondimenti specialistici e permette una facile comprensione generale dell’argomento e delle azioni che l’Italia e l’Unione Europea hanno in atto per fronteggiare, in modo coordinato ed efficace, le sfide sanitarie globali dei prossimi anni
Valutazione col metodo ELISA della risposta umorale al M. bovis ucciso nel bovino in relazione al polimorfismo MHC di classe I
No full textRecombinant DRB sequences produced by mismatch repair of heteroduplexes during cloning in Escherichia coli
No full textRecombinant chimeric sequences originating from a mix of the sequences of two different alleles are frequently found after amplification and cloning in E.coli of the exon 2 of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) DRB genes. Several authors suggested that the recombinant molecules are due to in vitro recombination during PCR, nevertheless a clear experimental demonstration of this hypothesis is missing. In order to understand the mechanism producing the chimeric sequences, we set up a simple experiment based on the different restriction patterns of parental and recombinant sequences. Our data demonstrate that in the analysed case most of the recombinant variants are not produced by in vitro recombination during PCR, but are the result of the mismatch repair of heteroduplex molecules during cloning in E. coli. The high mutation rate in the -helix region of DRB expressed genes, both after cloning in E.coli and after the germ-line differentiation process of vertebrates, suggests that the observed mutations are the result of similar gene conversion processes, probably favoured by Chi-dependent micro-recombination event
Identificazione di geni maggiori d’interesse economico (ETL) per la resistenza alle malattie
No full textDespite eradication programs, bovine tuberculosis is still a sanitary and economic problem in Italy. Genetic effect on immune response to M.bovis plays a central role to determine resistance or susceptibility to disease. The two genes so far identified as involved in immunity to TB are Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). MHC polymorphism modulates antigen presentation and immune paths activation; NRAMP1 determines the ability of macrophages to control M. bovis infection. It has been demonstrated that NRAMP1 even influences the level of MHC class II expression. In this study we have analysed the polymorphisms and sequences of the MHC antigen-binding grove in calves immunised to M.bovis in relation to specific immune response. Moreover bovine NRAMP1 gene has been sequenced and analysed by SSCP technique and microsatellite analysis.
Parole chiave: Tubercolosi, Bovino, MHC, NRAMP1
Correlation between neurotrasmitter levels and anxietyrelated behaviours in cats
Full text linkIntroduction:
The present study aims to evaluate the existing correlations between neurotransmitter levels and
anxiety-related aggressive behaviour.
Materials and methods:
22 adult cats (age > 6months; no pharmacological therapy for behaviour problems) were grouped
according to three different levels of aggressive behaviour: Group 1 (N=11): rare aggressive
attacks, anxiety and aggressive-related behaviour problems reported by the owner; Group 2 (N=4):
frequent aggressive attacks (n attacks > 12/year); Group 3 (N=7): control, no aggressive attacks
reported by the owners. An accurate questionnaire focusing on anxiety and aggressive behaviour
was filled in for every subject and evaluated by a DVM certified Specialist in Veterinary
Behavioural Medicine. Blood samples were collected in EDTA for all the subjects for
neurotransmitters analysis (standard blood processing procedures for HPLC neurotransmitter
analysis were applied). HPLC analysis was carried out for the following neurotransmitters:
Dopamine precursor LDOPA, dopamine DA, noradrenalin NA, adrenalin A, serotonin SE levels in
plasma and platelets; 5-hidrossiindolacetic acid HIAA (serotonin metabolite) and Homovanillic acid
(dopamine metabolite) in platelets. SAS ® statistic package was applied to data analysis: FREQ,
MEAN and NPAR1WAY procedures were applied; the analysis of variance was carried out using a
Kruscal-Wallis one-way ANOVA.Results:
The results indicate that during the history taking session, the origin of the cat, age at weaning and
human family structure are very helpful in aggressive behaviour evaluation, furthermore
nervousness, shyness and fearfulness related information are closely linked to anxiety related
problems. Higher levels of NA (pg/ml), DA (pg/ml), LDOPA plasma (pg/ml), LDOPA platelet
(pg/ml) were found in Control group (P≤0.05). A correlation between neurotransmitter
concentrations and anxiety related behavioural problems has been calculated.
Discussion:
The obtained results suggest, in particular, that the reduction in platelet DA levels could be related
to aggressive behaviour towards animals and human beings. Further analysis is needed to improve
the knowledge of the complex relations between nervous system and behaviour. In addition the
investigation of the genetic basis of behaviour could supply powerful tools in the understanding of
anxiety and aggressiveness in companion animals
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