31,233 research outputs found
Jonathan Ned Katz Author Event: The Daring Life and Dangerous Times of Eve Adam
No full text“The Daring Life and Dangerous Times of Eve Adams,” interview with author, Jonathan Ned Katz, moderated by Emily Weiner (WWU) and organized by Congregation Beth Israel
Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific Kato-Katz thick smear templates employed in different settings.
No full textBACKGROUND
The Kato-Katz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys, drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control interventions. We assessed the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three Kato-Katz templates included in test kits from two different providers.
METHODS
Nine hundred Kato-Katz thick smear preparations were done; 300 per kit. Empty slides, slides plus Kato-Katz template filled with stool and slides plus stool after careful removal of the template were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg. The average amount of stool that was generated on the slide was calculated for each template, stratified by standard categories of stool consistency (i.e. mushy, soft, sausage-shaped, hard and clumpy).
RESULTS
The average amount of stool generated on slides was 40.7 mg (95 % confidence interval (CI): 40.0-41.4 mg), 40.3 mg (95 % CI: 39.7-40.9 mg) and 42.8 mg (95 % CI: 42.2-43.3 mg) for the standard Vestergaard Frandsen template, and two different templates from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), respectively. Mushy stool resulted in considerably lower average weights when the Vestergaard Frandsen (37.0 mg; 95 % CI: 34.9-39.0 mg) or new China CDC templates (37.4 mg; 95 % CI: 35.9-38.9 mg) were used, compared to the old China CDC template (42.2 mg; 95 % CI: 40.7-43.7 mg) and compared to other stool consistency categories.
CONCLUSION
The average amount of stool generated by three specific Kato-Katz templates was similar (40.3-42.8 mg). Since the multiplication factor is somewhat arbitrary and small changes only have little effect on infection intensity categories, it is suggested that the standard multiplication factor of 24 should be kept for the calculation of eggs per gram of faeces for all investigated templates
Quality control in the diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides using the Kato-Katz technique : experience from three randomised controlled trials
No full textBackgroundAn accurate diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is important for individual patient management, for drug efficacy evaluation and for monitoring control programmes. The Kato-Katz technique is the most widely used method detecting soil-transmitted helminth eggs in faecal samples. However, detailed analyses of quality control, including false-positive and faecal egg count (FEC) estimates, have received little attention.MethodsOver a 3-year period, within the frame of a series of randomised controlled trials conducted in Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania, 10% of randomly selected Kato-Katz thick smears were re-read for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. In case of discordant result (i.e. positive versus negative) the slides were re-examined a third time. A result was assumed to be false-positive or false-negative if the result from the initial reading did not agree with the quality control as well as the third reading. We also evaluated the general agreement in FECs between the first and second reading, according to internal and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.ResultsFrom the 1,445 Kato-Katz thick smears subjected to quality control, 1,181 (81.7%) were positive for T. trichiura and 290 (20.1%) were positive for A. lumbricoides. During quality control, very low rates of false-positive results were observed; 0.35% (n¿=¿5) for T. trichiura and 0.28% (n¿=¿4) for A. lumbricoides. False-negative readings of Kato-Katz thick smears were obtained in 28 (1.94%) and 6 (0.42%) instances for T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides, respectively. A high frequency of discordant results in FECs was observed (i.e. 10.0-23.9% for T. trichiura, and 9.0-11.4% for A. lumbricoides).ConclusionsOur analyses show that the rate of false-positive diagnoses of soil-transmitted helminths is low. As the probability of false-positive results increases after examination of multiple stool samples from a single individual, the potential influence of false-positive results on epidemiological studies and anthelminthic drug efficacy studies should be determined. Existing WHO guidelines for quality control might be overambitious and might have to be revised, specifically with regard to handling disagreements in FECs
How long can stool samples be fixed for an accurate diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection using mini-FLOTAC?
No full textKato-Katz is a widely used method for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection. Fecal samples cannot be preserved, and hence, should be processed on the day of collection and examined under a microscope within 60 min of slide preparation. Mini-FLOTAC is a technique that allows examining fixed fecal samples. We assessed the performance of Mini-FLOTAC using formalin-fixed stool samples compared to Kato-Katz and determined the dynamics of prevalence and intensity estimates of soil-transmitted helminth infection over a 31-day time period.; The study was carried out in late 2013 on Pemba Island, Tanzania. Forty-one children were enrolled and stool samples were subjected on the day of collection to a single Kato-Katz thick smear and Mini-FLOTAC examination; 12 aliquots of stool were fixed in 5% formalin and subsequently examined by Mini-FLOTAC up to 31 days after collection.; The combined results from Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC revealed that 100% of children were positive for Trichuris trichiura, 85% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 54% for hookworm. Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC techniques found similar prevalence estimates for A. lumbricoides (85% versus 76%), T. trichiura (98% versus 100%), and hookworm (42% versus 51%). The mean eggs per gram of stool (EPG) according to Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC was 12,075 and 11,679 for A. lumbricoides, 1,074 and 1,592 for T. trichiura, and 255 and 220 for hookworm, respectively. The mean EPG from day 1 to 31 of fixation was stable for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, but gradually declined for hookworm, starting at day 15. The findings of our study suggest that for a qualitative diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection, stool samples can be fixed in 5% formalin for at least 30 days. However, for an accurate quantitative diagnosis of hookworm, we suggest a limit of 15 days of preservation. Our results have direct implication for integrating soil-transmitted helminthiasis into transmission assessment surveys for lymphatic filariasis
Leo Katz as an author of children’s books. A failed attempt?
No full textDas Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, Leo Katz als Kinderbuchautor zu betrachten und darüber
nachzudenken, welche Rolle seine Jugendbücher in seinem gesamten Werk und in der
Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur spielen. Es werden nicht
nur seine veröffentlichten Kinderbücher betrachtet, sondern auch andere
unveröffentlichte Jugendromane, die unbekannt bzw. unpubliziert geblieben sind.
Um den Autor aus der Vergessenheit zu holen, werden unter anderem die nicht
bekannten Werke des Autors für Jugendliche vorgestellt und es wird überlegt, weshalb
sie damals nicht veröffentlicht wurden.Stadt Wien KulturDepto. de Filología Alemana y Filología EslavaFac. de Comercio y TurismoTRUEpu
Accuracy of the Kato-Katz method and formalin-ether concentration technique for the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis, and implication for assessing drug efficacy
No full textBackground: Clonorchiasis is a chronic neglected disease caused by a liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of control and treatment efficacy is usually determined by microscopic examination of fecal samples. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the Kato-Katz method and the formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) for C. sinensis diagnosis, and studied the effect of diagnostic approach on drug efficacy evaluation.
Methods: Overall, 74 individuals aged ≥18 years with a parasitological confirmed C. sinensis infection at baseline were re-examined 3 weeks after treatment. Before and after treatment, two stool samples were obtained from each participant and each sample was subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and a single FECT examination.
Results: Thirty-eight individuals were still positive for C. sinensis according to our diagnostic ‘gold’ standard (six Kato-Katz thick smears plus two FECT). Two FECT had a significantly lower sensitivity than six Kato-Katz thick smears (44.7% versus 92.1%; p <0.001). Examination of single Kato-Katz and single FECT considerably overestimated cure rates.
Conclusions: In settings where molecular diagnostic assays are absent, multiple Kato-Katz thick smears should be examined for an accurate diagnosis of C. sinensis infection and for assessing drug efficacy against this liver fluke infection
The Katz-Francis scale of attitude toward Judaism : internal consistency reliability and construct validity among female undergraduate students in Israel
No full textThe Katz-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Judaism was developed to extend to the Jewish community a growing body of international research concerned to map the correlates, antecedents, and consequences of individual differences in attitude toward religion as assessed by the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. The internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Katz-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Judaism were supported by data provided by 284 Hebrew-speaking female undergraduate students attending Bar-Ilan University. This instrument is commended for application in further research
An Upgrade for the Kato Katz Method
No full textThe kato katz method was, and still is, an invaluable tool to diagnose schistosomiasis mansoni en masse in high and medium intensity infection areas that are economically backward. Due to the current sensitivity capabilities of 24 EPG, the standard kato katz method is unable to diagnose very low intensity infections. And even though alternatives are sought, none are as affordable, cost-effective and easy to use as kato katz in the context of LMICs.As the goals of the world health organization shift from disease mapping and treatment, to post treatment surveillance and eradication of S. Mansoni, more sensitive means of egg detection are necessary. The lack of a cost effective diagnostic tool will mean a rebound in the prevalence and intensity of infection, as medication cannot be given without a diagnosis. An accurate, cost effective, and easy to use method such as the currently used kato katz thus becomes a necessity. In this light, it was thought to be prudent to explore the idea of improving the kato katz process itself, in terms of sensitivity, ease of use and sustainability.The context of this project was strictly limited to the sample preparation process only, and the seven steps recomended by WHO were classified into filtration and smearing phases. Three concepts were generated for each phase, and evaluated relatively using the harris profile. The template filter and the draw down smearing method were chosen to be the most desirable, and were finalized for prototyping and evaluation.Material selection was based on their ability to withstand multiple cycles of cleaning using water and regular soap. Silicone strips with a stainless steel mesh insert and PLA for draw down smearer were chosen for their resistance to soap as well as economical value. Preliminary testing with synthetic feces showed that silicone strips were too flexible during the filtration process and did not allow for consistent deposit of fecal sample onto the glass slide. Hence the material was changed to a more rigid polycarbonate.The components were taken to Nigeria to be tested on field by one of the stakeholders, Mr. Prosper Oyibo. He let two experienced lab technicians test the components using actual feces, and took notes of their feedback, based on a questionnaire prepared before hand. Overall, the lab technicians found the improved kato katz method to have potential for on field use, given that a certain amount of changes were made, such as reduction in the amount of fecal sample, and changing the template so that feces do not collect at the corners. It may be concluded that with certain steps taken in the future, the improved kato katz method will certainly be useful.Integrated Product Desig
Comparison of Kato-Katz, ethyl-acetate sedimentation, and Midi Parasep® in the diagnosis of hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris infections in the context of an evaluation of rural sanitation in India.
No full textThe Kato-Katz, conventional ethyl-acetate sedimentation, and Midi Parasep(®) methods for diagnosing infection with soil-transmitted helminths were compared. The Kato-Katz technique gave the best overall diagnostic performance with the highest results in all measures (prevalence, faecal egg count, sensitivity) followed by the conventional ethyl-acetate and then the Midi Parasep(®) technique. The Kato-Katz technique showed a significantly higher faecal egg count and sensitivity for both hookworm and Trichuris as compared to the Midi Parasep(®) technique. The conventional ethyl-acetate technique produced smaller pellets and showed lower pellet mobility as compared to the Midi Parasep(®)
CHANTS DU SOUVENIR TIRES DE LA LITURGIE JUIVE / Sholom Katz, choeur d'hommes dir. Seymour Silbermintz
No full textComprend : YZKOR - AV KARACHAMIM - V'AL Y'DEI / S. Katz - KI K'SHIMCHO - ODOM Y'SODO MEI-OFOR - SHIVISI - SHOCHNEI VOTEI CHOMER / S. Sulzer - HASHEM MOH ODOM / M. Grauman - KEIL MOLEI RACHAMIM / S. Katz - KADDISH / D. NowalowskyBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
- …
