106 research outputs found
Raiding the Past, Designing for the Future
No full textAcademic staff involved with fashion teaching are often concerned at the level of research engagement by students; much of it tends to be over-reliant on Internet search engines and magazines. From the authors experience this is also something external examiners often comment upon. Many students lack understanding of the value of wider-ranging and deeper engagement with research at both primary and secondary levels. There is a clear need to demonstrate the ways in which meaningful research can underpin and inform their practice, allowing for stronger design outcomes and a richer understanding of the contexts in which they operate, both as lifelong learners and as future professionals. This paper investigates the meaning and background of retrospective research in fashion, in order to assess its relevance and importance in developing students’ research skills. It describes two initiatives that asked students to raid the past in order to design for the future. Although the initiatives focused upon looking at the past, they were devised to promote and establish an understanding in students about the need for expansive and relevant research, away from the ‘Google culture’. The first initiative was an interdisciplinary symposium, held to consider the impact of visual culture in the 1970s. Fashion students were asked to produce research that required reflection upon the visual and cultural significance of the period under investigation, and then produce design outcomes based on the event. The second initiative describes a live project that drew on the valuable collection of menswear held in Leeds Museums and Galleries and on existing research into the Leeds tailoring industry. It asked students to investigate this rich heritage to inspire the design and production of a range of contemporary tailored garments. These garments were amalgamated with the historical garments in a curated exhibition, which highlighted the importance of referring to historical textile artefacts when understanding how to research, design and produce future products
Commentary: Climate adaptation interventions in coastal areas : a rapid review of social and gender dimensions
No full textA Commentary on: Climate Adaptation Interventions in Coastal Areas: A Rapid Review of Social and Gender Dimensions by Prakash, A., McGlade, K., Roxy, M. K., Roy, J., Some, S., and Rao, N. (2022). Front. Clim. 4:785212. doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.78521
Tide gauges
No full textTide gauge measurements provide data for routine tidal predictions in ports as well as for extreme events such as storm surges and tsunamis. Along with satellite altimeter measurements, tide gauges also provide measurements used for sea-level rise estimates. This is particularly important for impact assessment in low-lying coastlines of south Asia as well as islands such as the Maldives in the Indian Ocea
Seasonality in the relationship between El Nino and Indian Ocean dipole
No full textThe seasonal change in the relationship between El Nino and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is examined using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40), and the twentieth century simulations (20c3m) from the Geo- physical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model, ver- sion 2.1. It is found that, both in ERA-40 and the model simulations, the correlation between El Nino (Nino3 index) and the eastern part of the IOD (90–110°E; 10°S-equator) is predominantly positive from January to June, and then changes to negative from July to December. Correlation maps of atmospheric and oceanic variables with respect to the Nino3 index are constructed for each season in order to examine the spatial structure of their seasonal response to El Nino. The occurrence of El Nino conditions during January to March induces low-level anti-cyclonic circula- tion anomalies over the southeastern Indian Ocean, which counteracts the climatological cyclonic circulation in that region. As a result, evaporation decreases and the south- eastern Indian Ocean warms up as the El Nino proceeds,and weaken the development of a positive phase of an IOD. This warming of the southeastern Indian Ocean associated with the El Nino does not exist past June because the cli- matological winds there develop into the monsoon-type flow, enhancing the anomalous circulation over the region. Furthermore, the development of El Nino from July to September induces upwelling in the southeastern Indian Ocean, thereby contributing to further cooling of the region during the summer season. This results in the enhancement of a positive phase of an IOD. Once the climatological circulation shifts from the boreal summer to winter mode, the negative correlation between El Nino and SST of the southeastern Indian Ocean changes back to a positive one.Published221-236JCR Journalrestricte
Wpływ metody i terminu produkcji rozsady na plon kapusty czerwonej (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. oleracea convar. capitata ( L.) Alef. var. capicata L. f. rubra DC.)
No full textThis study, conducted in the period 2006-2008, involved
an evaluation of yield and commercially useful traits of
red cabbage grown from seedlings produced from seeds sown
at three different times (the second decade of April, the third
decade of April, and the first decade of May). Seedlings were
produced in multicell trays in an unheated greenhouse and in
a nursery bed from seeds sown at the same time. The experiment
included 6 red cabbage cultivars (‘Huzaro F1’, ‘Kalibos’,
‘Langedijker Polana’, ‘Rodeo F1’, ‘Roxy F1’, ‘Zelox F1’). After
cabbage heads were harvested in the second decade of October
(in each year), total and marketable yield as well as head weight
and the head shape index were determined.
Red cabbage yield was shown to be significantly dependent
on the cultivar, time of sowing, and method of seedling
production. Among the cultivars studied, the following proved
to be the most productive, irrespective of the other experimental
factors: ‘Zelox F1’ (marketable yield averaged 398.11 kg×100
m-2), ‘Roxy F1’ (marketable yield averaged 368.82 kg×100 m-2),
and ‘Rodeo F1’ (marketable yield averaged 331.59 kg×100 m-2).
The cultivar ‘Kalibos’ was characterized by the lowest marketable
yield (on average 257.09 kg×100 m-2). Delayed sowing (to
produce seedlings) by 10 and 20 days, compared to the earliest
sowing time, had a significant effect on the reduction in total
and marketable yield. Irrespective of the time of sowing, the
production of seedlings in multicell trays did not have a significant
effect on higher head weight. But the influence of the
cultivar was significant – heads of the highest weight were found
in the yield of the cultivar ‘Zelox F1’ (head weight was on
average 1.71 kg). The head shape index was more than 1 and
on average it did not exceed 1.35. The cultivar ‘Kalibos’ had
the most elongated heads (with a conical shape), while cabbage
heads in the cultivar ‘Langedijker Polana’ were closest to the
spherical shape.Badania przeprowadzone w latach 2006-2008
obejmowały ocenę plonowania i cech użytkowych kapusty
czerwonej uprawianej z rozsady produkowanej z
siewu nasion w trzech terminach (druga dekada kwietnia,
trzecia dekada kwietnia i pierwsza dekada maja).
Rozsadę produkowano w wielodoniczkach (multiplatach)
w nieogrzewanej szklarni i na rozsadniku z siewu
nasion w tym samym terminie. W doświadczeniu
uwzględniono 6 odmian kapusty czerwonej (‘Huzaro
F1’, ‘Kalibos’, ‘Langedijker Polana’, ‘Rodeo F1’, ‘Roxy F1’, ‘Zelox F1’). Po zbiorze główek w drugiej
dekadzie października (w każdym roku) określono
plon ogólny i handlowy, masę pojedynczych główek
z każdego obiektu badań oraz ich wskaźnik kształtu.
Wykazano, że plon kapusty czerwonej zależał
istotnie od odmiany, terminu siewu nasion i sposobu
produkcji rozsady. Spośród badanych odmian, niezależnie
od pozostałych czynników doświadczenia,
najplenniejsze okazały się ‘Zelox F1’ (plon handlowy
wynosił średnio 398,11 kg×100 m-2), ‘Roxy F1’
(plon handlowy wynosił średnio 368,82 kg×100 m-2)
oraz ‘Rodeo F1’ (plon handlowy wynosił średnio
331,59 kg×100 m-2). Najmniejszym plonem handlowym
charakteryzowała się odmiana ‘Kalibos’ (średnio
257,09 kg×100 m-2). Opóźnienie siewu nasion w celu
wyprodukowania rozsady o 10 i 20 dni, w porównaniu
z najwcześniejszym terminem siewu, wpłynęło istotnie
na obniżenie wielkości plonu ogólnego i handlowego.
Niezależnie od terminu siewu, przygotowywanie
rozsady w wielodoniczkach w warunkach
szklarni nieogrzewanej u większości odmian nie
wpłynęło istotnie na uzyskanie większej masy pojedynczych
główek. Natomiast istotny był wpływ
odmiany – główki o największej masie stwierdzono
w plonie odmiany ‘Zelox F1’ (średnio wynosiła
1,71 kg). Wskaźnik kształtu główek wynosił ponad
1, a nie przekraczał średnio 1,35. Najbardziej wydłużone
główki miała stożkowa odmiana ‘Kalibos’,
a najbardziej zbliżone do kształtu kulistego – odmiana
‘Langedijker Polana’
Monsoons climate change assessment
No full textMonsoon rainfall has profound economic and societal impacts for more than two-thirds of the global population. Here we provide a review on past monsoon changes and their primary drivers, the projected future changes, and key physical processes, and discuss challenges of the present and future modeling and outlooks. Continued global warming and urbanization over the past century has already caused a significant rise in the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events in all monsoon regions (high confidence). Observed changes in the mean monsoon rainfall vary by region with significant decadal variations. Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall as a whole declined from 1950 to 1980 and rebounded after the 1980s, due to the competing influences of internal climate variability and radiative forcing from greenhouse gases and aerosol forcing (high confidence); however, it remains a challenge to quantify their relative contributions. The CMIP6 models simulate better global monsoon intensity and precipitation over CMIP5 models, but common biases and large intermodal spreads persist. Nevertheless, there is high confidence that the frequency and intensity of monsoon extreme rainfall events will increase, alongside an increasing risk of drought over some regions. Also, land monsoon rainfall will increase in South Asia and East Asia (high confidence) and northern Africa (medium confidence), decrease in North America, and be unchanged in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the Asian–Australian monsoon region, the rainfall variability is projected to increase on daily to decadal scales. The rainy season will likely be lengthened in the Northern Hemisphere due to late retreat (especially over East Asia), but shortened in the Southern Hemisphere due to delayed onset
New techniques for improving climate models, predictions and projections
No full textComplex climate models are the main tools used to make climate predictions and projections. Despite decades of development, models are still imperfect and generations of models have shown persistent mean-state biases such as the “double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ).” Model imperfections lead to drift and errors in near-term initialized climate prediction systems and uncertainties in long-term future projections. Techniques such as bias correction and drift removal have been developed to reduce the impact of model imperfection in the case of predictions. Techniques such as emergent constraints and model selection have been used in projection studies. Are these techniques adequate, could they be improved upon, or should the community be investing their efforts into significantly improving the performance of climate models? Will higher resolution bring greater accuracy? Are there new techniques which can significantly improve climate predictions and projections? The goal of this Research Topic was to explore new techniques for improving climate models, climate predictions, and climate projections. The 11 articles that are appearing in this special issue of Frontiers in Climate Predictions and Projections have together shown new avenues in improving the forecasts and projections, and introduce us to new science and new forecast products
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