2,511 research outputs found
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control
Get PDFA community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population
Reliable audiovisual archiving using unreliable storage technology and services
No full textThe drive for online access to archive content within ‘tapeless’ workflows means that mass-storage technology is an inevitable part of modern archive solutions, either in-house or provided as services by third-parties. But are these solutions safe? Can they assure the data integrity needed for long-term preservation of Petabyte volumes of data? The answer is no. Field studies reveal data corruption can take place silently without detection or correction, including in 'enterprise class' systems explicitly designed to prevent data loss. The reality is that data loss is inevitable to some degree or another from hardware failures, software bugs, and human errors. This paper presents ongoing work in the UK AVATAR-m project and in the recently started EC PrestoPrime project on a framework for storing large audiovisual files on heterogeneous and distributed storage infrastructures that allows various strategies for content replication, integrity monitoring and repair to be developed and tested
D7.6 of the EC IST SCULPTEUR project (IST-2001-35372) 'Final Interoperability Protocol Specification'
No full textThis is a report on the approach that the EC IST FP5 SCULPTEUR project has taken for interoperability between multimedia digital libraries in the cultural heritage sector and contains a specification of the SCULPTEUR Interoperability protocol. The SCULPTEUR interoperability protocol is based on the SRW (Search and Retrieve Web Service) specification developed by the z39.50 community and provides a way for external systems to query the contents of a SCULPTEUR digital library. The target audience of this document is CRM and SRW users (or those seeking to use the CIDOC CRM or SRW protocol) who want to provide a search and retrieval service
Who benefits from promoting small and medium scale enterprises ? some empirical evidence from Ethiopia
Get PDFThe Addis Ababa Integrated Housing Development Program aims to tackle the housing shortage and unemployment that prevail in Addis Ababa by deploying and supporting small and medium scale enterprises to construct low-cost housing using technologies novel for Ethiopia. The motivation for such support is predicated on the view that small firms create more jobs per unit of investment by virtue of being more labor intensive and that the jobs so created are concentrated among the low-skilled and hence the poor. To assess whether the program has succeeded in biasing technology adoption in favor of labor and thereby contributed to poverty reduction, the impact of the program on technology usage, labor intensity, and earnings is investigated using a unique matched workers-firms dataset, the Addis Ababa Construction Enterprise Survey. The data are representative of all registered construction firms in Addis and were collected specifically for the purpose of analyzing the impact of the program. The authors find that program firms do not adopt different technologies and are not more labor intensive than non-program firms. There is an earnings premium for program participants, who tend to be relatively well-educated, which is heterogeneous and highest for those at the bottom of the earnings distribution.Labor Markets,Access to Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Microfinance,Labor Policies
D13.1 of the EC IST PrestoSpace project (FP6-507336) 'Planning for Digitisation and Access'
No full textThis report provides medium to large audiovisual archives with a guide to business planning of preservation projects. A tried-and-tested process is presented for assessing the urgency and cost of migrating an analogue collection into a sustainable digital form. A separate report is in production that will address the needs of small audiovisual archives
SECCO M., STELLA MOSIMANN, ADDIS A. 2021, Appendice. Analisi archeometriche sui pigmenti e sulle malte degli intonaci, in J. Bonetto, V. Mantovani, A. Zara (a cura di), Nora. Il Tempio romano (2008-2014), Vol. II.2, Padova, 485-494.
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Tools for quantitative comparison of preservation strategies
No full textThis report describes the tools developed by IT Innovation for quantitative comparison of preservation strategies. The tools have been open sourced and are publicly available on a website which includes documentation and features for bug reporting and new functionality requests
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