4,647 research outputs found
How Did Everyone get Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder?
No full textPsychiatric diagnoses often reflect a matrix of sociological factors associated with professional prestige, economic forces, and cultural fashions. Diagnostic systems conceptualize the same underlying psychosocial problems in very different ways during various time periods. Since the publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) in 1980, psychological distress resulting from social circumstances that previously was viewed as a general problem of nerves, neuroses, and anxiety was transformed into the specific diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Several factors, including the contrasting ways in which DSM-III defined anxiety and depression, the necessity of using explicit diagnoses to obtain professional legitimacy and reimbursement for services, and the marketing practices of the pharmaceutical industry, account for why depression replaced anxiety as the diagnosis most suitable for treated mental health conditions. Beneath the changing veneer of psychiatric labels, however, lies the same mélange of psychic ills that resist the precise labels current diagnostic fashions strive to impose upon them.Peer reviewe
Ah! lucky Jim, how I envy him [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceads on inside back and on back covers for M. Witmark & Sons stockJohns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
142, Item 014Words by Chas. Horwitz. Music by Fredrick V. Bowers
Ah! lucky Jim, how I envy him [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceads on inside back and on back covers for M. Witmark & Sons stockJohns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
142, Item 014Words by Chas. Horwitz. Music by Fredrick V. Bowers
The DSM-5 and the Continuing Transformation of Normal Sadness into Depressive Disorder
No full textFor millennia, diagnosticians distinguished natural sadness that arose from social circumstances from depressive disorders that were disproportionate to their contexts. In 1980, the DSM-III transformed this tradition through equating depressive disorders with symptoms without regard to context. Nevertheless, it excluded grieving people without especially severe or enduring symptoms from diagnosis. Subsequently, considerable empirical research indicated that bereavement was not unique but a model for all stressor-maintained conditions. Yet, despite the evidence showing that the causes, prognoses, and optimal treatments for context-specific depressions differ from those that aren’t, the DSM-5 removed the bereavement exclusion from the diagnostic criteria for major depression. This article considers the reasons behind this elimination and its implications for the research, labeling, and treatment of depression.Peer reviewed
Getting beneath the skin to understand MSC complexity
No full textSince their initial description, mesenchymal progenitors have exhibited two general functions: to directly generate tissue by differentiation and to support the survival and proliferation of other cells/tissues by secreting cytokines or growth factors. This dual-function paradigm was represented in the original description of mesenchymal progenitors, now designated as marrow stromal cells (MSC), by their capacity to give rise to bone cells and to support hematopoiesis in vitro
Optimizing the niche conditions for maximal stem cell engraftment: human and animal model data
No full textWhile animal models are ideal to uncover the biologic basis of pathologic observations and therapeutic interventions, whether such scientific findings, in reality, apply to patients is always an open question. The exceptional human data of Zweegman et al corroborate our murine findings and suggest that the novel mechanisms we describe may, in fact, apply to clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation
How do mesenchymal stromal cells exert their therapeutic benefit?
No full textn recent years mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have emerged as a major new form of cell therapy. While the original perception was that MSC were stem/progenitor cells with the potential to contribute to the regeneration of tissue, more recent data suggest that the principal mechanism of MSC activity is through the release of soluble mediators that elicit the observed biologic response. Future studies are needed to identify more completely the spectrum of therapeutic applications and delineate better the associated molecular and cellular mechanisms
Anderson_LOH
No full textSimultaneous brain cell type and lineage determined by scRNA-seq reveals
stereotyped cortical developmen
A simple method for the primary isolation of Mycobacterium in a carbon dioxide atmosphere
No full textCITATION: Horwitz, B. M. & Gultig, R. 1974. A simple method for the primary isolation of Mycobacterium in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. South African Medical Journal, 48(46):1949-1950.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaA simple, inexpensive method which provides increased CO2 tension for the primary isolation of mycobacteria is described. Using this technique, the primary isolation of mycobacteria from 1114 specimens of sputum, gastric washings, spinal fluids, etc. was increased by 24.2%.Publisher’s versio
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