2,133 research outputs found
Maternal antecedents to adolescent girls’ neural regulation of emotion
No full textCurrent research on adolescent brain development has uncovered individual differences in patterns of functional connectivity during the regulation of emotions, reflecting differences in psychological and emotional functioning. The purpose of this study was to identify possible contributors to these individual differences by investigating the role of maternal emotional resources, in the form of adult attachment and emotional awareness. Participants included 35 adolescent girls (M age = 15.51, SD = 0.37) who completed an implicit emotion regulation task (Lieberman et al., 2007) during an fMRI scan following 9th grade. Mothers reported on the quality of their adult attachment when youth were in 3rd and 4th grades and reported on their emotional awareness when youth were in 4th and 5th grades. We found that higher levels of maternal anxious attachment and lower levels of maternal emotional awareness were significantly correlated with more positive (i.e., ineffective) amygdala-right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) connectivity. Further, path analysis revealed that there was an indirect effect of maternal anxious attachment on adolescent functional connectivity through maternal emotional awareness. These results suggest that exposure to compromised maternal emotional resources in childhood may be linked to the development of ineffective neural processing of emotions, highlighting one pathway for the intergenerational transmission of disrupted emotion processing.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Haina Modi, accepted the attached license on 2018-11-19 at 09:33.The student, Haina Modi, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-11-19 at 09:42.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-11-26 at 11:59.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13098 on 2019-02-07 at 14:17:36Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T20:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-11-26Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109821
Lift date: 2021-02-07T20:36:09Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109821
Lift date: 2021-02-07T20:39:46Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109821
Lift date: 2021-02-07T20:44:35Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 109821 on 2021-02-08T10:15:29Z
Topology of quantum modi¯ed moduli spaces
No full textAbstract: We prove that all SYM theories that have a quantum modi¯ed moduli spaceM de¯ned by a single constraint equation have trivial homotopy groups j(M) for j = 0; 1; 2; 3 and 4. This implies that none of these theories admit skyrmions or vortexes-a fact that had only been proved for supersymmetric QCD with Nf = Nc and Sp(2N) with 2N + 2 fundamentals- whereas those of them with a nontrivial H 5(M) admit Wess-Zumino-Witten terms in their e®ective actions. Contrary to expectations, examples of quantum modi¯ed moduli spaces with a trivial H5(M) are found in the literature
Quantum work statistics and resource theories: Bridging the gap through Rényi divergences
No full textThe work performed on or extracted from a nonautonomous quantum system described by means of a two-point projective-measurement approach is a stochastic variable. We show that the cumulant generating function of work can be recast in the form of quantum Rényi-α divergences, and by exploiting the convexity of this cumulant generating function, derive a single-parameter family of bounds for the first moment of work. Higher order moments of work can also be obtained from this result. In this way, we establish a link between quantum work statistics in stochastic approaches and resource theories for quantum thermodynamics, a theory in which Rényi-α divergences take a central role. To explore this connection further, we consider an extended framework involving a control switch and an auxiliary battery, which is instrumental to reconstructing the work statistics of the system. We compare and discuss our bounds on the work distribution to findings on deterministic work studied in resource-theoretic settings
Characterization and chromosomal localization of a new protein disulfide isomerase, PDIp, highly expressed in human pancreas
No full textProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes protein folding and thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. The enzyme is localized in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is abundant in secretory cells of various tissues. In this study we describe the isolation and characterization from human pancreas of a new protein, PDIp, that is structurally and functionally related to PDIs. PDIp cDNA is 1,659 bp in length and predicts a protein with an open reading frame of 511 amino acids. PDIp amino acid sequence shows 46% identity and 66% similarity to that of human PDI. PDIp possesses two thioredoxin-like active sites (WCGHCQ and WCTHCK) and an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal sequence, KEEL, at the carboxyl terminus. Northern analysis of normal human tissues and various human tumor cell lines revealed PDIp mRNA (2.0 kb) expression only in the normal pancreas. Recombinant PDIp protein catalyzed reductive cleavage of insulin and renaturation of reduced RNaseA. Somatic cell genetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the PDIp gene to the short arm of human chromosome 16. It is concluded that PDIp is a new member of the PDI family and is highly expressed in human pancreas
The diabetic pregnancy and offspring blood pressure in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAIMS/HYPOTHESIS:
Offspring of diabetic mothers have increased risk of the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Studies examining BP in offspring of diabetic mothers have conflicting conclusions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting offspring BP in children born to diabetic mothers.
METHODS:
Citations were identified in PubMed. Authors were contacted for additional data. Systolic and diastolic BP in offspring of diabetic mothers and controls were compared. Subgroup analysis of type of maternal diabetes and offspring sex were performed. Fixed-effects models were used, and random-effects models where significant heterogeneity was present. Meta-regression was used to test the relationship between offspring systolic BP and prepregnancy BMI.
RESULTS:
Fifteen studies were included in the review and 13 in the meta-analysis. Systolic BP was higher in offspring of diabetic mothers (mean difference 1.88 mmHg [95% CI 0.47, 3.28]; p = 0.009). Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes had similar diastolic BP to controls, but higher systolic BP (1.39 mmHg [95% CI 0.00, 2.77]; p = 0.05); results for type 1 diabetes were inconclusive and there were no separate data available on offspring of type 2 diabetic mothers. Male offspring of diabetic mothers had higher systolic BP (2.01 mmHg [95% CI 0.93, 3.10]; p = 0.0003) and diastolic BP (1.12 mmHg [95% CI 0.36, 1.88]; p = 0.004) than controls; in female offspring there was no difference (systolic: 0.54 mmHg [95% CI -1.83, 2.90], p = 0.66; diastolic: 0.51 mmHg [95% CI -1.07, 2.09], p = 0.52). The correlation between offspring systolic BP and maternal prepregnancy BMI was not significant (p = 0.37).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:
Offspring of diabetic mothers have higher systolic BP than controls. Differences related to sex and type of maternal diabetes require further investigation
Towards a total synthesis of the new anticancer agent mensarcin: Synthesis of the carbocylic core
No full textA synthesis of the carbocyclic core associated with the new anticancer agent mensacarcin (1) is reported. The strategy involves the synthesis of several novel highly substituted aromatic compounds, such as 12 and 23. The lithium derivative of 12 readily engages in a nucleophilic addition to benzaldehyde 4 to provide the diphenylcarbinol rac-15. The analogous benzyl ether rac-16 undergoes an intramolecular Heck reaction to provide the required tetrahydroanthracene rac-17, which can be transformed into the key tricyclic methyl ether rac-20. In a second approach, the lithium derivative of 21 is added to the hexasubstituted benzaldehyde 23 to give the diphenylcarbinol rac-35. Subsequent methylation to rac-36 followed by an intramolecular Heck reaction provides tricycle rac-37. Similarly, the oxidised compound 40 provides an electronically more suitable intramolecular Heck partner to afford compound 41. Further transformations of these substrates leads to rac-43, which incorporates the core structure of mensacarcin (1)
La poesia viaggia in treno.La ferrovia nella poesia italiana del Novecento
No full textL’articolo, dopo una premessa di carattere metodologico e sociologico, compie un excursus sulla presenza del treno, nuovo mezzo di comunicazione a partire dalla fine dell’Ottocento, nella poesia italiana del Novecento, partendo dalla novità tematica che questo mezzo di comunicazione rappresenta per l’immaginario poetico dell’ultimo secolo.
Dagli scapigliati a Carducci a Montale a Luzi a Sereni a Caproni a Erba il saggio analizza i vari modi di rappresentazione della ferrovia nella poesia italiana del Novecento
Invitato speciale al Forum Unesco, IX Seminario Internacional. La gestión del patrimonio centralidad y periferia
No full textL’intervento illustra l’attuale dibattito in Italia nel campo del restauro attraverso le teorie dei principali protagonisti. Sono illustrate le diverse tendenze e i differenti modi di operare attraverso la comparazione di alcuni esempi
Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: II. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation
No full textBackground. Social skills training and cognitive remediation are psychological techniques with considerable face validity for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia and their consequences. This paper provides a meta-analytical review of these treatments. It includes an appreciable number of randomized controlled trials, using comparisons against both standard care and other active interventions. However, the assessment of particular outcomes sometimes had to be based on single studies.Method. A detailed search strategy was used to identify randomized controlled trials of social skills training and cognitive remediation, primarily employing electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met predefined criteria were then subjected to meta-analysis on a variety of outcome measures.Results. There was no clear evidence for any benefits of social skills training on relapse rate, global adjustment, social functioning, quality of life or treatment compliance. Cognitive remediation had no benefit on attention, verbal memory, visual memory, planning, cognitive flexibility or mental state.Conclusions. Social skills training and cognitive remediation do not appear to confer reliable benefits for patients with schizophrenia and cannot be recommended for clinical practice
Power scalable implementation of artificial neural networks
No full textAs the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in mobile embedded devices gets more pervasive, power consumption of ANN hardware is becoming a major limiting factor. Although considerable research efforts are now directed towards low-power implementations of ANN, the issue of dynamic power scalability of the implemented design has been largely overlooked. In this paper, we discuss the motivation and basic principles for implementing power scaling in ANN Hardware. With the help of a simple example, we demonstrate how power scaling can be achieved with dynamic pruning techniques
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