163 research outputs found
Author reponse: Plant trans-golgi network/early endosome pH regulation requires Cation Chloride Cotransporter (CCC1)
No full textThis is the Author response to article:Plant trans-Golgi network/early endosome pH regulation requires cation chloride cotransporter (CCC1) found at DOI: 10.7554/eLife.70701.Abstract not availableDaniel W McKay, Heather E McFarlane, Yue Qu, Apriadi Situmorang,
Matthew Gilliham, Stefanie Weg
Alluminating structure key to stress tolerance
No full textPublished online: 15 December 2021Plant tolerance to aluminium is encoded by root-localized aluminium-activated malate transporter 1 (ALMT1). In a recent study published in Cell Research , Wang et al. resolved the structure of ALMT1, which provides intriguing insights into its function and opens new research opportunities.Matthew Gilliham and Maria Hrmov
Barley phosphate transporter 1;6 shows broad inorganic anion transport activity when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes
No full textXVI IPNC 2009, Sacramento, CaliforniaPreuss, Christian P., Huang, Chun Y., Gilliham, Matthew and Tyerman, Stephen D.http://escholarship.org/uc/ipnc_xv
Calcium compartmentation in arabidopsis mesophyll cells, a mechanism to regulate apoplastic calcium, photosynthetic rates and growth, involves low-affinity, high-capacity Ca2+/H+ antiporters
No full textSimon Conn, Matthew Gilliham, Brent Kaiser, Steve Tyerman and Roger Leighhttp://escholarship.org/uc/ipnc_xv
Linking metabolism to membrane signaling: the GABA–malate connection
No full textγ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration increases rapidly in tissues when plants encounter abiotic or biotic stress, and GABA manipulation affects growth. This, coupled to GABA's well-described role as a neurotransmitter in mammals, led to over a decade of speculation that GABA is a signal in plants. The discovery of GABA-regulated anion channels in plants provides compelling mechanistic proof that GABA is a legitimate plant-signaling molecule. Here we examine research avenues unlocked by this finding and propose that these plant 'GABA receptors' possess novel properties ideally suited to translating changes in metabolic status into physiological responses. Specifically, we suggest they have a role in signaling altered cycling of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates during stress via eliciting changes in electrical potential differences across membranes.Matthew Gilliham and Stephen D. Tyerma
The evolutionary origin of CIPK16: a gene involved in enhanced salt tolerance
No full textAbstract not availableShanika Amarasinghe, Nathan S. Watson-Haigh, Matthew Gilliham, Stuart Roy, Ute Bauman
Differential fruitset between grapevine cultivars is related to differences in pollen viability and amine concentration in flowers
No full textVersion of Record online: 12 NOV 2015Background and Aims: Reproductive capacity among grapevine cultivars varies considerably and impacts yield. Bioactive amines are reported to be involved in many aspects of plant reproductive physiology. We aimed to examine the association between the reproductive performance of cultivars and the concentration of amines in the reproductive organs. Methods and Results: The reproductive performance of Shiraz, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon was assessed by determining fruitset, coulure index, millerandage index, pollen tube growth and stigma receptivity. Endogenous concentration of amines in flowers and berries was measured. Poor reproductive performance exhibited by Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot compared with that of Shiraz was correlated with poor pollen viability. Amine profiles in the flowers and berries varied significantly among cultivars. A significantly higher concentration of diaminopropane was found in Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon and correlated with a higher proportion of underdeveloped berries. An aromatic amine phenylethylamine was found to be the major free amine in the flowers of Merlot, a cultivar susceptible to poor fruitset. Conclusion: Variable reproductive performance exhibited by grapevine cultivars is related to differences in pollen viability and amine concentration in the reproductive organs. Significance of the Study: A better understanding of the association between reproductive performance and amines in the reproductive organs of grapevines has been achieved.T. Baby, M. Gilliham, S.D. Tyerman and C. Collin
Green horizons: how plant synthetic biology can enable space exploration and drive on Earth sustainability
No full textAs humanity looks towards expanding activity from low Earth orbit to the Moon and beyond, resource use efficiency and self-sustainability will be critical to ensuring success in the long term. Furthermore, solutions developed for the stringent requirements of space will be equally valuable in meeting sustainability goals here on Earth. Advances in synthetic biology allow us to harness the complex metabolism of life to produce the materials we need in situ. Translating those lessons learned from microbial systems to more carbon-efficient photosynthetic organisms is an area of growing interest. Plants can be engineered to sustainably meet a range of needs, from fuels to materials and medicines.Matthew Fox Morgan, Jonathan Diab, Matthew Gilliham, and Jenny C Mortime
Simultaneous flux and current measurement from single plant protoplasts reveals a strong link between K(+) fluxes and current, but no link between Ca(2+) fluxes and current
No full textWe present a thorough calibration and verification of a combined non-invasive self-referencing microelectrode-based ion-flux measurement and whole-cell patch clamp system as a novel and powerful tool for the study of ion transport. The system is shown to be capable of revealing the movement of multiple ions across the plasma membrane of a single protoplast at multiple voltages and in complex physiologically relevant solutions. Wheat root protoplasts are patch clamped in the whole-cell configuration and current–voltage relations obtained whilst monitoring net K⁺ and Ca²⁺ flux adjacent to the membrane with ion-selective electrodes. At each voltage; net ion flux (nmol m⁻² sec⁻¹) is converted to an equivalent current density (mA m⁻²) taking into account geometry and electrode efficiency; and compared with the net current density measured with the patch clamp system. Using this technique; it is demonstrated that the K⁺-permeable outwardly rectifying conductance (KORC) is responsible for net outward K⁺ movement across the plasma membrane [1:1 flux-to-current ratio (1.21 ± 0.14 SEM; n = 15)]. Variation in the K⁺ flux-to-current ratio among single protoplasts suggests a heterogeneous distribution of KORC channels on the membrane surface. As a demonstration of the power of the technique we show that despite a significant Ca²⁺ permeability being associated with KORC (analysis of tail current reversal potentials); there is no correlation between Ca²⁺ flux and KORC activity. A very significant observation is that large Ca²⁺ fluxes are electrically silent and probably tightly coupled to compensatory charge movements. This analysis demonstrates that it is mandatory to measure flux and currents simultaneously to investigate properly Ca²⁺ transport mechanisms and selectivity of ion channels in general.Matthew Gilliham, Wendy Sullivan, Mark Tester, Stephen D. Tyerma
Plant transporters involved in combating boron toxicity: beyond 3D structures
No full textVersion of Record published: 11 August 2020Membrane transporters control the movement and distribution of solutes, including the disposal or compartmentation of toxic substances that accumulate in plants under adverse environmental conditions. In this minireview, in the light of the approaching 100th anniversary of unveiling the significance of boron to plants (K. Warington, 1923; Ann. Bot.37, 629) we discuss the current state of the knowledge on boron transport systems that plants utilise to combat boron toxicity. These transport proteins include: (i) nodulin-26-like intrinsic protein-types of aquaporins, and (ii) anionic efflux (borate) solute carriers. We describe the recent progress made on the structure–function relationships of these transport proteins and point out that this progress is integral to quantitative considerations of the transporter's roles in tissue boron homeostasis. Newly acquired knowledge at the molecular level has informed on the transport mechanics and conformational states of boron transport systems that can explain their impact on cell biology and whole plant physiology. We expect that this information will form the basis for engineering transporters with optimised features to alleviate boron toxicity tolerance in plants exposed to suboptimal soil conditions for sustained food production.Maria Hrmova, Matthew Gilliham and Stephen D. Tyerma
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