1,483 research outputs found
Testing Gassmann fluid substitution: sonic logs versus ultrasonic core measurements
No full textAlthough Gassmann fluid substitution is standard practice for time-lapse studies, its validity in the field environment rests upon a number of underlying assumptions. The impact of violation on the predictions of Gassmann equations can only ultimately be validated by in situ testing in real geological environments. In this paper we show a workflow that we developed to test Gassmann fluid substitution by comparing saturated P-wave moduli computed from dry core measurements against those obtained from sonic and density logs. The workflow has been tested on 43 samples taken from a 45 m turbidite reservoir from the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. The results show good statistical agreement between the P-wave elastic moduli computed from cores using the Gassmann equation with the corresponding moduli computed from log data. This confirms that all the assumptions of the Gassmann are adequate within the measurement error and natural variability of elastic properties. These results provide further justification for using the Gassmann theory to interpret time-lapse effects in this sandstone reservoir and in similar geological formations
Idiocnemis lakekamuensis Gassmann & Richards 2019, sp. nov.
No full textIdiocnemis lakekamuensis sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 14, 16–17, 20–21, 24 –25, 28) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E6CCE2B9-ECA7-4445-B1CE-3 D74038 C3370 Holotype. ♂ Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Lakekamu Basin: 1 km south of Ivimka Camp (Camp coordinates: 146 ° 29.761'E, 7 ° 44.117'S, ~ 120 m a.s.l.), adjacent to seepage, 24.xi.1996 (field envelope no. 21(1)) (SAMA 07-001510). Deposited in the South Australian Museum. Paratypes. Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Lakekamu Basin. All specimens leg. S.J. Richards, collected from within ~ 1.5 km SSW of the following coordinates: 146 ° 29.761'E, 7 ° 44.117'S, at altitudes between 100–120 m a.s.l.: 1♂, ‘ 1 km transect’, south of Ivimka Camp, in forest, 22.xi.1996, field envelope no. 153 (ZFMK ODO 2018 / 1); 1♂, ridge trail, beside river, sitting on dry stick, 22.xi.1996, field no. 168 (SAMA 07-001511; 1♂, Ivimka Camp, 29.xi.1996, field no. 142 (SAMA 07-001512); 2♂♂, 1.5 km south of Ivimka Camp, 27.xi.1996, field no. 148 (SAMA 07-001513 – 4); 1♂, 500 m south of Ivimka Camp, perched in shade, 18.xi.1996, field no. 188 (RMNH); 1♀, approx. 500 m south of Ivimka Camp, on Bulldog Track, 20.xi.1996, field no. 145 (SAMA 07- 001515); 1♀, Bulldog Track, 1 km south to Ivimka Camp, 17.xi.1996, field no. 149 (SAMA 07-001516); 1♂, 1♀, site #4, garden, in flight near stream, 29.xi.1996, field no. 141 (SAMA 07-001517 – 18); 1♂, trickle along 1 km transect nr. Ivimka Camp, 24.xi.1996, [apps. lacking], field no. 167 (SAMA 07-001519); 1♂, Ivimka Camp, 24.xi.1996, field no. 21(2) (SAMA 07-001520); 1♂, Ivimka Camp, 29.xi.1996, field no. 184 (SAMA 07-001521); 1♂, 500 m southeast of Ivimka Camp, 16.xi.1996, field no. 156 (SAMA 07-001522); 1♂, Ivimka Camp, 27.xi.1996, field no.147 (SAMA 07-001523). Etymology. The species is named after the Lakekamu Basin in Papua New Guinea’s Gulf Province, the only location from where it has been recorded. Description of the holotype. Head. Labium dirty yellow, with median incision roughly arc-shaped. Labrum yellow-orange. Genae dark brown laterally, dirty yellow ventrally. Anteclypeus medium to dark brown; postclypeus brown-black. Frons and vertex, including antennal sockets, purple. Vertical black marking small, confined to area between ocelli, medially only slightly divided, posteriorly diverging, continuing laterally on occipital ridge from where it connects to black coloration of rear of head (Figs 1, 3). Thorax. Prothorax with median lobe only slightly convex in lateral view; posterior lobe roughly subrectangular in outline, posterior edge very slightly rounded; dorsum of prothorax black, diffusely limited against a yellow lateral area which extends onto mesostigmal plates; pleura with lower half black, except for a diffuse subtriangular intrusion originating from lateral bright marking which covers upper half of pleura. Synthorax (Fig. 5) with antehumeral stripe covering almost entire mesepisternum, dorsal carina marked with black; antehumeral stripe yellow-brown, with remnants of purple (probably original coloration). Metepisternum with posterior three-fourths covered by a purple bar which either completely (left side), or nearly (right side), encircles a semi-oval black spot in its middle, the latter forming a narrow connection to posterior part of black mesepisternal marking (on left side); anterior fourth of metepisternum dark black, distinctly limited against purple marking. Metepimeron with anterior part black except for a bright yellow stripe traversing its lower half horizontally and, posterior to the latter, a medium brown stripe which is somewhat bulged out posteriorly. Legs yellow-orange, joints and adjacent areas darkened. Underside of synthorax pale yellow, with a pair of black stripes. Wings. Hyaline. Arc inserting at or slightly distal (right HW) to Sn. R4 distal to Sn, less distinctly so in forewings. Pt rhombic, medium to dark brown. FW with 17 Px, HW with 15 Px. Abdomen. Ground colour medium to dark brown, with bright markings as follows (Fig. 1): S1 with a roughly half-circular dorsal purple marking, S2 with a sub-quadrangular but posteriorly widened purple marking, S3 with a yellow-orange basal dorsal spot and a subdistal ventral bright marking of same colour; S4 to 5 with bright markings similar to those in S3 but less distinct. S6 to 7 with no pale markings except for a very weak and diffuse yellow ventro-basal marking on S6. Slightly more than posterior dorsal half of S8 as well as entire dorsal surface of S9 with a greyish-brown (probably originally purple) marking, its corners rounded, anterior margin rather straight. Superior appendage with small subbasal process, apically rounded, and a subdistal almost finger-shaped subacute process which is longer than subbasal one (Figs 9, 11). Colour of appendages dark brown, inner tips pale yellow. Measurements holotype (mm). FW 21.5, HW 20.0; abdomen including appendages 31.5. Variation in males. Generally similar to the holotype. The metepisternal black spot within the purple bar can be either irregular or almost perfectly rectangular. In two specimens it is entirely enclosed by the bright mesepimeral marking on both sides of the synthorax. Measurements (mm). FW 20.0–22.5, HW 18.5–21.0 (n = 13); abdomen including appendages 29.5–33.5 (n = 9). Female (paratypes). Head. Labrum, genae and frons dirty-yellow, ante- and postclypeus intermingled with brown. Antennal segments dirty-yellow to orange-brown. Diffuse black vertical marking extends as a broad stripe between eyes, intermingled with some yellow around ocelli and antennae, continuing posteriorly in two black lines lateral to an orange stripe marking occipital ridge. In one specimen, black marking reduced to traces of black with largest portion of black centred around ocelli. Two pale turquoise subtriangular postocular spots present (original coloration probably faded) (Fig. 14). Rear of head yellow. Thorax. Prothorax with pronotum dark bluish-black, median pronotal lobe with a pair of diffuse black spots close to border with anterior lobe (Fig. 16). Posterior pronotal lobe subrectangular, posterior edge only very slightly bulged out medially (Figs 17, 20). Synthorax with colour pattern similar to male, but far less distinct. Mesepisternum with a diffuse pale yellow marking adjacent to anterior third of humeral suture and a weak yellow marking well before the suture’s posterior end; mesepisternum otherwise diffuse brownish, lacking clearly recognizable antehumeral stripes. Mesepimeron with anterior part black as in male, but with diffuse yellow markings at the areas where the male has its grey-purple markings. Metepisternum and metepimeron as in male, but less distinct. Wings. Pt asymmetric, anterior side distinctly longer than posterior side. Otherwise as in male. FW with 16–17 Px, HW with 13–14 Px. Abdomen. Ground colour black, with light markings as follows. S1 with pair of diffuse pale turquoise spots covering posterior two-third of dorsal surface, separated from each other except for a thin connection along border of S1 and S2. S2 with a pair of elongate pale yellow dorsal spots each roughly shaped as an asymmetric triangle. S3–7 dorsally with a distinct basal pale yellow spot and a smaller subdistal spot of same colour, both losing intensity towards posterior segments. S8–9 with a pair of large diffuse but (except for the teneral specimen from Bulldog Track [field no. 149]) distinctly separate pale yellow spots. S10 with a confluent pair of diffuse pale yellow spots, covering roughly posterior half of dorsal surface of that segment, isolating a black triangular marking on its anterior dorsal half. Cerci pale yellow (Figs 24, 25). Upper lateral part of valvae and tergite of S 8 pale yellow. Measurements (mm). FW 20.0–21.5, HW 19.0–20.0 (n=3); abdomen including valvae 27.5–29.5 (n=3). Differential diagnosis. The male of this species is readily identified by the colour pattern on its head. The central black marking on the vertex, which is subquadrangular in most members of the species group, is distinctly reduced to form a rather diffuse black area filling the space between the three ocelli. In only two other species, I. dagnyae Lieftinck, 1958, and I. mertoni Ris, 1913, is the black marking occasionally reduced as well, but never to such an extent as in I. lakekamuensis sp. nov. The male of the present species is also clearly distinguished from congeners by the shape of the superior appendage (Figs 9, 11) which is characterized by a short and pointed subbasal process and a hook-like, slightly pointed subdistal process. This arrangement is distinctly different from that in most other species of the Idiocnemis bidentata group where the subbasal process is shaped as a prominent subtriangular protrusion. Only I. pruinescens has a similarly shaped superior appendage; however, in that species the subbasal process is longer than in the present species, and rather blunt (cf. Gassmann 2000). The female of I. lakekamuensis sp. nov. can be recognized by its posterior pronotal lobe which has a characteristic subrectangular shape not similarly found in any other member of the species-group. The female’s head colour pattern is similar to that in I. inaequidens Lieftinck, 1932, I. schorri Gassmann, Richards & Polhemus, 2016, and the new species described below, in having the vertex of the head nearly entirely covered in black. The extent of the black marking, however, is less than in I. inaequidens and I. schorri, with the areas around the antennae left free of black, but the black coloration is more extensive than in the new species described below. Distribution and habitats. Southern Papua New Guinea (Fig. 28). Known only from the Lakekamu Basin in Gulf Province where I. lakekamuensis sp. nov. was found perched in sunlight on low vegetation along small, clearflowing seepages and streams in lowland rainforest. A detailed description of the vegetation, climate, fauna and flora of the type locality can be found in Mack (1998).Published as part of Gassmann, Dirk & Richards, Stephen J., 2019, Two new damselflies of the genus Idiocnemis Selys from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea (Odonata: Platycnemididae), pp. 121-140 in Zootaxa 4560 (1) on pages 122-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/262742
Idiocnemis milou Gassmann & Richards 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Idiocnemis milou</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 2, 4, 6–8, 10, 13, 15, 18–19, 22–23, 26–28) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 29502AED-F155-41A4-8348-65394A61C205</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> ♂ Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Lakekamu Basin: small creek ca. 1.5 km SSW of Ivimka Camp (Camp coordinates: 146 ° 29.761'E, 7 ° 44.117'S, 120 m a.s.l.), 25-xi-96, S.J. Richards leg. (SAMA 07-001524). Deposited in the South Australian Museum.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Lakekamu Basin. All specimens leg. S.J. Richards, collected from within ~ 2 km SSW of the following coordinates: 146 ° 29.761'E, 7 ° 44.117'S, at altitudes between 100–120 m a.s.l.: 1♂, 1 km transect, 24.xi.1996, field no 185 (SAMA 07-001525); 1♂, Bulldog Track, 2 km south Ivimka Camp, 26.xi.1996, field no. 169 (SAMA 07-001526); 1♀, Bulldog Track, 1 km south of Ivimka Camp, 17.xi.1996, field no. 149 (SAMA 07-001527); 1♀, 1 km transect, south of Ivimka Camp, in forest, 22.xi.1996, field no. 153 (RMNH); 1♀, Bulldog Track, adjacent Ivimka Camp, 23.xi.1996, field no. 154 (SAMA 07-001528); 1♂, small stream, 1 km transect, 26.xi.1996, field no. 158 (SAMA 07-001529); 1♀, 1 km transect, south of Ivimka Camp, in forest, 22.xi.1996 (SAMA 07-001530); 1♂, along 1 km transect, south of Ivimka Camp, 25.xi.1996, field no. 23 (RMNH); 1♀, creek at end of ‘garden’ path, 300 m south of Ivimka Camp, 25.xi.1996, field no. 155 (SAMA 07-001531). Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Dark End Lumber (DEL) area, all specimens collected within a 500 m radius of the following coordinates: 07°08.894S, 144°22.937E, ~ 55 m a.s.l.: 1♂, west of DEL Camp, 4.00 p.m., next to pool in forest, 06.x.1999, field no. 130 (SAMA 07-001532); 1♂, field no. 85; 1♀, shady forest stream, adjacent DEL Camp, field no. 86 (ZFMK ODO 2018 /2); 1♂, in forest at ‘unlogged’ site, nr. DEL Camp, 4.30 p.m., in shade over small stream, field no. 131(ZFMK ODO 2018 /3); 1♂, small “seepage” at DEL Camp, in sun, 3.00 pm, 04.x.1999, field no. 87 (SAMA 07-001533); 1♂, 1♀, DEL Camp, 03.x.1999, field no. 136 (SAMA 07-001534 – 35).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> It is a pleasure to name the new species after Mrs. Milout Martinot (Oegstgeest/ Netherlands), both in gratitude for her long-lasting personal friendship towards the first author, and in recognition of her engagement in civil initiatives for a more sustainable future. The name is placed as a noun by apposition.</p> <p> <b>Description of the holotype</b>. <i>Head</i>. Labium, except for reddish-brown end-hook, yellowish-brown. Mandibles and maxillae of same colour, except distal parts of mandibles reddish-brown. Labrum orange-brown, darkened at upper margin and on medio-basal depression. Ante- and postclypeus medium brown with traces of black. Entire dorsal surface of head including antennal sockets purple, except for a central black marking on vertex shaped as in Fig. 4. Antennal scapus black with distal pale yellow ring, pedicellus medium brown, flagellum medium brown. Central black marking continuing on rear of head, turning ventrally into a diffuse colour pattern of light and medium brown.</p> <p> <i>Thorax.</i> Prothorax with median lobe very slightly convex in lateral view; posterior pronotal lobe in dorsal view subtriangular but with lateral parts distinctly discontinued, lateral edges rectangular; posterior lobe not raised, in lateral view slightly bulgy except for posterior edge; prothorax dark brown to black, except for a diffuse pale yellow stripe reaching from lateral parts of anterior lobe across prothoracic pleura up to the mesostigmal laminae and areas more ventral to them. Synthorax (Fig. 6) dark brown to black with pale markings as follows: Mesepisternum with antehumeral purple stripes complete, evaginated halfway for nearly a third of entire course of stripe, this area black, which also covers dorsal carinal suture (Figs 6, 27). Metepisternum with a posterior squarish purple spot and a black area of same but slightly more irregular shape just anterior to it, the latter followed by a rather irregular purple rectangle covering roughly one fourth of metepisternum; all these pale markings connected ventrally (posteriorly) by a continuation of the pale marking that ends on mesepimeron in an irregular stripe. Anterior fourth of metepisternum deep black, bordered at its lower edge by a slightly diffuse but distinct pale yellow stripe. Metepimeron largely dark, except for a small diffuse pale yellow subtriangular spot at anterior upper corner; an even more diffuse pale yellow spot medially at lower margin. Underside of synthorax pale yellow anteriorly, pale orange posteriorly, with a pair of dark-brown stripes.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i>. Entirely hyaline. Ac inserts at Ab. Arc at Ax2 (forewings), slightly distal to Ax2 (hindwings). Pt rhombic, costal side very slightly longer than anal side, reddish-brown. FW with 16 Px (left) to 17 Px (right), HW with 15 Px.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen.</i> Largely medium brown to black, with pale markings as follows: S1 with a pair of roughly subtriangular purple spots. S2 with a pale pink dorsal marking shaped as an isosceles trapezoid widening distally, reaching from anterior end of segment to distinctly beyond halfway along segment. S3 to 6 with diffuse pale yellow-brown dorso-basal and subdistal markings (Fig. 2), the latter well defined against the dark brown rings that cover the posterior fifths of these segments; pale markings on S3 to 6 becoming less distinct posteriorly; S7 entirely dark, lacking bright dorsal markings; S8 with posterior half of dorsum and S9 with entire dorsum pink, with anterior dorsal edge of pink marking medially protruded at the level of dorsal carina; laterally, the marking reaches half way down the segments, edges roughly convex. Anal appendages in dorsal view strongly curved inwards; basal two-third of superior appendage comparatively straight in lateral view, apical part curved downwards. Superior appendage with large, basal protuberance shaped as an almost perfect right-angled triangle, slightly hooked apically; from the basal protuberance, a moderate inner shelf-like structure continuing distally bearing a subdistal spine-shaped process and in addition a smaller but distinct spine which is located between the subdistal process and the basal protuberance (Fig. 10). Inferior appendages robust and blunt apically, slightly curved upwards, about two-third the length of superiors. Appendages black, except for some diffuse orange-brown markings at inner sides and tips of superior ones, inner tubercle pale yellow.</p> <p>Measurements of holotype (mm). FW 22.0, HW 20.5; abdomen including appendages 31.5.</p> <p> <b>Variation in males.</b> The small spine between subbasal and subdistal process of superior appendage is lacking in some specimens (Fig. 13).</p> <p>Measurements (mm). FW 21.5–22.0, HW 20.5–21.0 (n = 4); abdomen including appendages 30.5–32.0 (n = 2).</p> <p> <b>Female</b> (paratypes). <i>Head</i>. Labium, maxilles and mandibles medium brown; the latter apically orange, with black tips. Labrum orange; ante- and postclypeus medium to dark brown; frons covered by a diffuse pale yellow stripe; its upper part, including antennal sockets, reddish-brown. Antennal scapus dark brown, the latter with pale yellow distal rings; pedicellus proximally and distally dark brown, medially light brown; flagellum dark brown. Posterior part of vertex, occiput and rear of head deep black, interrupted only by reddish-brown areas posterior to antennae as well as anterior and lateral to ocelli, by a pair of conspicuous pale yellow subtriangular postocellar spots (original coloration presumably faded) and a diffuse pale yellow stripe situated anteriorly and parallel to occipital ridge, isolated from postocular spots and protruding anteriorly between the posterior ocelli (Fig. 15).</p> <p> <b>FIGURE 25.</b> <i>Idiocnemis lakekamuensis</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> ♀, Lakekamu, terminal abdominal segments in latero-dorsal view.</p> <p> <i>Thorax.</i> Prothorax with median lobe very slightly convex in lateral view; pronotum largely black-brown, pleura pale yellow. Anterior part of median lobe with a pair of slightly diffuse roundish to slightly oval black spots each covering a distinct depression of the median lobe (Fig. 18). Posterior pronotal lobe comparatively long, about same length as median lobe, not raised in lateral view, shaped as broadly rounded subtriangle with rather obtuse posterior edge and with lateral edges distinctly subrectangular; edge of posterior pronotal lobe broadly and clearly demarcated from its central part both in dorsal and lateral view, central part slightly bulgy (Figs 22, 23). Synthorax with coloration similar to male, but more diffuse and much paler. Anterior pale marking on metepisternum dorsally distinctly widened, the dark spot posterior to it narrowed dorsally. Underside of synthorax as in male.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i>. FW with 16 (right) to 17 (left) Px, HW with 15 Px (n=5). Arc distinctly distal to Ax2. Pt as in male but shape more equilateral. Otherwise as in holotype.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Mainly black; similar to male, but with the following differences: S1 with a pair of subquadrangular whitish spots on dorsal half of segment; S2 with a dorsal elongate pale yellow marking which has its posterior corners extended into narrow stripes that extend halfway down the segment laterally. S3 to 7 with diffuse pale yellow markings, similar to male but less distinct. S8 to 10 each covered by a pale yellow marking dorsally, dorsal colour diffusely intermingled with black (S8), intruded by an anterior medial dark area (S9) or with an anterior half-circular black marking (S10); S 8 to 9 almost entirely covered by pale yellow in some specimens. Sternites of S8 dark brown to black, those of S9 yellow. Cerci yellow, their tips narrow, sharply pointed, darkened. Valvae with upper part yellow or with at least traces of yellow, lower part dark brown; visible part of ovipositor yellow. Styli medium to dark brown, apical parts yellowish.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). FW 21.0–23.0, HW 20.0–22.5 (n = 6); abdomen including valvae 29.0 (n = 3).</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> The new species, along with <i>I. lakekamuensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, belongs to the smallest species of the <i>I. bidentata</i> species group and may be easily distinguished from all congeners by its thoracic colour pattern. The black dorsal synthoracic marking extends medially into the antehumeral stripes (Fig. 27), taking a roughly cross-shaped overall shape in dorsal view without, however, fully subdividing the latter as is the case in <i>I. nigriventris</i> Lieftinck, 1937 and <i>I. obliterata</i> Lieftinck, 1932. In lateral view, the colour pattern is characterized by the distinct bright mesepimeral marking showing two upper subrectangular offshoots, of which only the anterior one is in partial contact with the antehumeral stripe. This pattern most closely approaches that of <i>I. lakekamuensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> In that species, however, the anterior subrectangular element is fully in contact with the antehumeral stripe. The male superior appendage of <i>I. milou</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is usually characterized by a small spine halfway between the subbasal and subdistal processes. A similar minute spine is present in <i>I. schorri</i>, but in that species the spine is situated close to the subbasal process (cf. Gassmann <i>et al</i>., 2016: figs 14a, b). In cases where the minute spine is lacking, the superior appendages of <i>I. milou</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are reminiscent of those of <i>I. mertoni</i> (Fig. 12). However, both the subbasal and the subdistal process are more distinctly pointed in the new species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitats.</b> Currently known only from Gulf Province in southern central New Guinea, between the Kikori River lowlands in the west and the Lakekamu Basin in the east. Like <i>I. lakekamuensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, this species is closely associated with small, clear-flowing seepages and streams in lowland rainforest where it perches on low vegetation and twigs in patches of sunlight. A detailed description of the vegetation, climate, fauna and flora of the type locality can be found in Mack (1998).</p>Published as part of <i>Gassmann, Dirk & Richards, Stephen J., 2019, Two new damselflies of the genus Idiocnemis Selys from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea (Odonata: Platycnemididae), pp. 121-140 in Zootaxa 4560 (1)</i> on pages 128-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2627426">http://zenodo.org/record/2627426</a>
Source-rock seismic-velocity models: Gassmann versus Backus
No full text Source rocks are described by a porous transversely isotropic medium composed of illite and organic matter (kerogen, oil, and gas). The bulk modulus of the oil/gas mixture is calculated by using a model of patchy saturation. Then, the moduli of the kerogen/fluid mixture are obtained with the Kuster and Toksöz model, assuming that oil is the inclusion in a kerogen matrix. To obtain the seismic velocities of the shale, we used Backus averaging and Gassmann equations generalized to the anisotropic case with a solid-pore infill. In the latter case, the dry-rock elastic constants are calculated with a generalization of Krief equations to the anisotropic case. We considered 11 samples of the Bakken-shale data set, with a kerogen pore infill. The Backus model provides lower and upper bounds of the velocities, whereas the Krief/Gassmann model provides a good match to the data. Alternatively, we obtain the dry-rock elastic moduli by using the inverse Gassmann equation, instead of using Krief equations. Four cases out of 11 yielded physically unstable results. We also considered samples of the North Sea Kimmeridge shale. In this case, Backus performed as well as the Krief/Gassmann model. If there is gas and oil in the shale, we found that the wave velocities are relatively constant when the amount of kerogen is kept constant. Varying kerogen content implies significant velocity changes versus fluid (oil) saturation. </jats:p
Tentamen Concordiae Matheum Inter & Lucam Circa Genealogiam Jesu Christi Domini Nostri : Quod Una Cum Subnexis Corollariis Biblicis ... ; Aquisgrani In Aula Academica Majori horis ante meridiem consuetis Die [6.] Septembris Anno M. DCC. LXXXVII
No full text... Praeside P. Polychronio Gassmann ... Eruditorum Crisi exponet Religiosus Ejusdem Instituti Sacerdos F. Marianus Hauss ...Autopsie nach Ex. der ULB DüsseldorfVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Ex Typographia SchaeferianaTagesangabe fehlt im Druck, handschriftlich ergänztAachen, Akademie, Dissertation, 6. Sept. 178
Sulle tracce di Oranzebe. «L’opera seria» di Calzabigi e Gassmann (Vienna, 1769)
No full text“L’opera seria” by Ranieri Calzabigi and Florian Leopold Gassmann, performed for the first time in Vienna in 1769, is one of the most fascinating and complex meta-operas of the eighteenth century. As many similar works, it satirizes the eccentric figures involved in any theatrical production (poet, composer, impresario, singers, dancers and so on). The dramaturgical construction meticolously planned by Calzabigi includes two different layers: the comic action actually staged, and the serious opera “L’Oranzebe”, which is imagined to be reharsed and later performed by the characters of the comedy. The continuous exchange between these two dimensions is the main object of the article. By collecting all the details concerning “L’Oranzebe”, it is possible to demonstrate that Calzabigi’s intention was to create a subtle parody of Metastasio’s "Adriano in Siria": the first scene of the fictional drama appears very similar to the military triumph described by Metastasio, and it is easy to recognize specific correspondences in characters and situations between the two plots. The musical treatment elaborated by Gassmann reflects the double level of the representation: when he writes for the fictional characters of “L’Oranzebe”, he ridicules the typical features of traditional Italian opera, such as the boring repetitions of single words or the virtuosic expansions of the melody; at the same time, in the musical numbers of the comedy he explores new solutions to connect music and action in a closer and more natural way
Series Chronologica Rerum Ad Historiam Sacram Novi Testamenti Pertinentium : Aquisgrani In Aula Academica Majori, Horis Ante & Post Meridiem Consuetis, Die 20 Maiji Anni 1790
No full textQuando A. D. O. M. Praeside P. Polychronio Gassmann ...Selectas Ex S. Scriptura Theses Propugnabunt Religiosi Ejusdem Ordinis Facerdotes F. Apronianus Ferber ; F. Heluinus VossenAutopsie nach Ex. der ULB DüsseldorfVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Ex Typograghia Schaeferiana, M D C C X C.Aachen, Akademie, Dissertation, 20. Mai 179
Clinical and immune response to undiluted and diluted smallpox vaccine
No full textQuestion under study: To assess clinical reactions, immune responses and adverse events to undiluted, three- and sixfold diluted Lister strain vaccine stockpiled in Switzerland. Methods: A prospective, triple-blinded, randomised, parallel group clinical trial was performed. Results: From 2001 to 2007 104 persons with an indication for vaccinia vaccination were recruited. They had a median age of 3 3 years (range 18-65), 56 (53.8%) were re-vaccinees and 48 (46.2%) primary vaccinees. There was no statistically significant variation in the proportion of re-vaccinees between diluted and undiluted vaccine groups (75% vs 51%, p = 0.118). With an overall clinical take rate (major reaction) of 97.1% the majority of the vaccinia-naive participants exhibited an at least fourfold increase of neutralising antibody titres (32/38, 84.2%) post-vaccination. Interestingly this proportion was lower among re-vaccinces (29/46, 63.0%, p = 0.048). No significant difference was observed in the take rate or at least fourfold seroconversion rate between the threefold and sixfold diluted vaccine doses. Adverse events were reported by 98 (94.2%) participants, not accounting for itching at the vaccination site. Conclusion: Subjects requiring immunisation were successfully (re-) vaccinated with undiluted as well as with three- or sixfold diluted vaccinia vaccine. Our findings complement previous studies with respect to the clinical take rate and immune response. The rate of adverse events was substantial but not unexpected and no severe adverse events occurred. In conclusion, the existing smallpox vaccine stockpile might be expanded by administering three- or sixfold diluted vaccine doses combined with a careful pre-vaccination screening and extensive instructions to vaccinees
Evidence of synergistic/additive effects of sildenafil and erythropoietin in enhancing survival and migration of hypoxic endothelial cells
No full textEndothelial cell dysfunction is a common event to several pathologies including pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is often associated with hypoxia. As the endothelium plays an essential role in regulating the dynamic interaction between pulmonary vasodilatation and vasoconstriction, this cell type is fundamental in the development of vascular remodelling and increased vascular resistance.
We investigated the protective effects of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, given in combination with erythropoietin (Epo) as it has been demonstrated that both drugs have anti-apoptotic effects on several cell types. Specifically, we examined the viability and angiogenetic properties of rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells upon exposure to either 21% or 1% oxygen, in presence of sildenafil (1 and 100 nM) and Epo (5 and 20 U/ml) alone or in combination (1 nM and 20 U/ml). Cell proliferation and viability were analysed by trypan blue staining, MTT assay and annexin V/PI stainings. In all assays the ability of the combination treatment in improving cell viability was superior to that of either drug alone. The angiogenetic properties were studied using a migration and a 3D collagen assay and the results revealed increases in the migration potential of endothelial cells as well as the ability to form tube-like structures in response to sildenafil and the combination treatment. We therefore conclude that both drugs exert protective effects on endothelial cells upon hypoxia, and that sildenafil enhances the migratory and angiogenetic properties, especially in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we present evidence of possible additive or synergistic effects of both drugs
Clinical and immune response to undiluted and diluted smallpox vaccine
No full textQuestion under study: To assess clinical reactions, immune responses and adverse events to undiluted, three- and sixfold diluted Lister strain vaccine stockpiled in Switzerland. Methods: A prospective, triple-blinded, randomised, parallel group clinical trial was performed. Results: From 2001 to 2007 104 persons with an indication for vaccinia vaccination were recruited. They had a median age of 3 3 years (range 18-65), 56 (53.8%) were re-vaccinees and 48 (46.2%) primary vaccinees. There was no statistically significant variation in the proportion of re-vaccinees between diluted and undiluted vaccine groups (75% vs 51%, p = 0.118). With an overall clinical take rate (major reaction) of 97.1% the majority of the vaccinia-naive participants exhibited an at least fourfold increase of neutralising antibody titres (32/38, 84.2%) post-vaccination. Interestingly this proportion was lower among re-vaccinces (29/46, 63.0%, p = 0.048). No significant difference was observed in the take rate or at least fourfold seroconversion rate between the threefold and sixfold diluted vaccine doses. Adverse events were reported by 98 (94.2%) participants, not accounting for itching at the vaccination site. Conclusion: Subjects requiring immunisation were successfully (re-) vaccinated with undiluted as well as with three- or sixfold diluted vaccinia vaccine. Our findings complement previous studies with respect to the clinical take rate and immune response. The rate of adverse events was substantial but not unexpected and no severe adverse events occurred. In conclusion, the existing smallpox vaccine stockpile might be expanded by administering three- or sixfold diluted vaccine doses combined with a careful pre-vaccination screening and extensive instructions to vaccinees
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