200 research outputs found
Paolo Zacchia, the concept of poison and the foundations of forensic toxicology. A review
No full textThe authors examine the 'quaestiones' dealt with by Zacchia on the subject of poison, plotting some of the basic lines along which the autonomous scientific perspective of forensic toxicology has historically developed. In particular, the logical and argumentative itinerary that Zacchia followed in restating the concept of poison, re-interpreting the various pre-existing concepts according to the specific lines of a new discipline, is analyze
Aspetti medico-legali e tossicologici della legge 14 dicembre 2000 n. 376 in tema di doping
No full textDetection and quantitation analysis of cocaine and metabolites in fixed liver tissue and formalin solutions.
No full textThis study reports the results of the detection and quantitation of
cocaine and its metabolites in liver tissues fixed in formalin and in
the formalin solutions in which the same tissues were fixed.
Toxicological analyses were performed on formalin-fixed liver
samples from four cases of death of cocaine abusers and on
formalin solutions (10% buffered, pH 7) in which the samples were
preserved. Analyses carried out at the time of autopsy on body
fluids and tissues allowed identification of cocaine and the
metabolite benzoylecgonine. Liver tissue samples were preserved in formalin solutions for four weeks before analysis. Results only
showed the presence of benzoylecgonine in the studied materials.
The mean levels of recovery of benzoylecgonine in fixed tissues
were 12.31% in liver and 84.47% in formalin from liver. Results
indicated that benzoylecgonine has good stability, even in
biological specimens subjected to chemical fixation
Synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation of some Mannich bases of 3H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline
No full textIn vitro pharmacological studies of new Mannich bases of 3H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline
Qualche ulteriore considerazione giuridica e tecnico applicativa in tema di accertamenti previsti per alcol e stupefacenti dagli artt. 186 e 187 del codice della strada e tutela della persona
No full textLa responsabilità nella prescrizione e nell'uso degli stupefacenti nel trattamento del dolore severo
No full textCinetica dell'alcol etilico: fattori di variabilità in relazione agli effetti benefici e tossici
No full textWine and alcoholic beverages have a social and symbolic value which is ingrained in the Italian culture, despite the potential adverse effects induced by their consumption. This paper describes the kinetics of alcohol: absorption, distribution, and elimination of ethanol determine the time-course of alcohol concentrations in blood after intake of alcoholic beverages and the degree of exposure of organs to their effects. Most ethanol is eliminated by oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetate, catalysed principally by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Other ethanol oxidation pathways include catalase and cytochrome P450 2E1. Besides being a substrate of CYP2E1, ethanol is also a potent inducer of this enzyme. There is large inter- and intra-individual variability in alcohol metabolism, due to genetic and environmental factors. In particular, gender influences kinetics: in comparison with men, women reach higher concentrations of alcohol in blood after drinking equivalent amounts of alcohol. The difference is partly due to a smaller first-pass metabolism and a lower volume of distribution in women.Immoderate, acute or chronic consumption of alcohol is a well-recognized risk for many diseases. Recent epidemiological studies have given new insights into the public health significance of moderate alcohol consumption: there is evidence that moderate, regular intake of alcohol, particularly red wine, is associated with benefits. The data available in the literature are not conclusive and, in addition, do not adequately assess potential alcohol addiction, which is closely related to detrimental social behaviour and is a risk factor promoting various diseases. The consumption of alcohol cannot be viewed as a benefit for health: it is also important to stress the need for very moderate usage of alcoholic beverages, giving preference to ones containing small quantities of ethanol
CURCUMIN INCREASES SENSITIVITY OF RESISTANT OVARIAN TUMOUR CELLS TO PLATINUM DRUGS: APOPTOTIC EFFECTS AND CELL-CYCLE ALTERATIONS.
No full textCisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin are first-line drugs in treatment of many types of epithelial cancer and their combination with other cytostatics are under investigation to limit side effects and resistance to them in clinical therapy of ovarian cancer1. New strategies to improve clinical response and to reduce toxicity of cancer therapy focus on chemoprevention, which hopes to identify substances that can suppress transformation of initiated or precancerous cells to malignant ones 2. To improve the platinum drugs' pharmacological profile, combination with resistance modulators or newly molecularly targeted drugs are under preclinical and clinical investigation. Alteration of appropriate cell-cycle progression and of closely related apoptotic process is a basic feature of tumour cells, and development of new tumour-targeted agents focus on apoptosis, either during cell-cycle arrest or following premature cell-cycle checkpoint exit. Increasingly epidemiological, experimental and clinical trials suggest study the effect of curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian curry spice turmeric, on numerous diseases including multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, colon cancer 3. Curcumin protects against cancer, not only because of its well-known antioxidant properties, but also because it modulates intracellular signalling, which is related to cell proliferation and apoptosis 4. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined treatment using curcumin with cisplatin or with oxaliplatin in a human ovarian cancer cell line (2008) and in its cisplatin-resistant variant (C13) mainly on cell viability, and cell cycling and apoptosis measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Curcumin per se caused significant concentration-dependent (0.1-100 M) and time-persistent (24-72 h) reduction of cell proliferation, altered cell-cycle phases and induced apoptosis, as well as it caused ROS generation and altered intracellular glutathione content both in wild type and in CDDP-resistant cancer cell lines. When carcinoma cells were simultaneously exposed to curcumin and to CDDP or to oxaliplatin (at concentrations lower than IC50) cancer cell viability was reduced more than with single-drug treatment. Moreover, dose and time related effects of curcumin, when combined with platinum drugs, were linked to consistent reduction in cell cycling and increased apoptosis, in comparison with single-drug treatment. These effects were significant both in wild type and in CDDP-resistant cells, indicating that curcumin was also able to increase the sensitivity of resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggests that curcumin is a natural compound of potential interest in combination with platinum drugs possibly limiting side effects and resistance and increasing the clinical impact of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.
1. Högberg T, Glimelius B, Nygren P (2001). A systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in ovarian cancer. Acta Oncol.;40(2-3):340-60.
2. Howells LM, Manson MM (2005) Prospects for plant-derived chemopreventive agents exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action. Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents 5, 201–213.
3. Hatcher H, Planalp R, Cho J, Torti FM, Torti SV (2008). "Curcumin: from ancient medicine to current clinical trials". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65 (11): 1631–52.
4. Montopoli M, Ragazzi E, Froldi G, Caparrotta L. (2009) Cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induced by curcumin combined with cisplatin or oxaliplatin in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Cell Proliferation 42(2):195-206
Filología, lingüística y literatura medieval (desde los orígenes hasta finales del siglo XIV)
No full text- …
