1,720,988 research outputs found
Terrorist actions in the transport of dangerous goods in urban areas
No full textRecent historical events have shown that the number of terroristic actions has increased in these last years, furthermore the analysis of accidental scenarios caused by terrorist attacks or sabotage during the handling and the transportation of dangerous goods shows a significant number of this type of event.
In the past the hypothesis of terrorist attack or sabotage had an almost negligible value and, generally, these events were considered security themes rather than safety matters, today, the value of the frequency for such an «accidental scenario» has become significant. Therefore it is obvious that a complete risk analysis must include the potential scenarios caused by terrorist attack or sabotage and therefore it must evaluate the increase of the risk level due to these events.
As well as chemical plants and storage tanks, characterized by the presence of large quantities of dangerous substances, also road/rail tankers used for the transport of such goods constitute a potential target, moreover the hazard associated with transportation depends on the vulnerability of the territory.
This paper focuses attention on the description of a methodology for the analysis of incidental scenarios caused by terrorist attacks and the identification of some aspects to improve. Finally an application of this method has been shown.
Furthermore in order to obtain a complete risk risk aanalysis, it is necessary to take into account that, beyond substances transported, risk the consequences depends on the modality of the attach, the characteristic of infrastructure and territor
The Influence of Risk Prevention Measures on the Frequency of Failure of Piping
No full textThe main causes of accident in chemical industry are due to deficiencies in the corporate structure, this means the effects of management and organizational variables must be incorporated into the assessment of the frequency. This work focuses attention on the frequency assessment of failure in piping, in particular loss of containment. Some methodologies for the quantification of the effects of measures of risk prevention on the frequencies of rupture of piping are available in literature. The method presented in this paper is a simple approach based on the definition of the links between the causes of failure and the measures adopted by the company to prevent them. After an overview on the causes of failure in piping, the paper describes the approach, the application to a case-study and the study of the sensitivity of the method
Frequencies assessment of Loss of Containment including the effects of measures of risk prevention
No full textThis paper presents a method for the quantification of the effects of measures of risk
prevention of the frequency for rupture of pipework. Some methodologies, given in the
literature for this purpose, assume that each plant under analysis is characterized by the same
combinations of causes of failure and prevention mechanisms but this assumption is not
always true. The approach suggested here is based on the methodology proposed in 1999 by
Papazoglou for the quantification of the effects of organizational and managerial factors.
Taking advantage of this methodology the objective of the assessment of the influence of
measures of risk prevention in pipework has been achieved through the definition of the
links between the causes of failure and the measures adopted by the company in order to
prevent and/or to mitigate them
Risk assessment of explosive atmospheres in workplaces
No full textThe application of the Directive 99/92/EC deals with the safety and health protection of workers
potentially exposed to explosive atmospheres and requires the assessment of explosion risks. These can arise
by the release of inflammable substances typical of industries classified as major hazards, but they often may
be generated in other industries where inflammable materials are handled. Risk assessment of explosive
atmospheres is required in both cases, for this purpose, in this article a quantitative approach has been
proposed. The paper describes the main aspects of the methodology, based on a probabilistic risk assessment,
and finally its application to a case-study
An example of quantification of the increase of risk level due to attacks terroristic in the transportation of dangerous goods
No full textIn this work, in order to evaluate the risk associated with the transport of dangerous goods including scenarios caused by terrorist attacks, attention has been focused on an urban area. The study has been applied to the downtown of Messina, located in Sicily.
The territory of Sicily is characterised by a high concentration of chemical plants, mainly petrochemical and refineries, and thus is an area with a great risk of industrial accidents; in addition to this there are several natural risk sources.
Petrochemical and refinery plants process about 50·106 t/yr of oil. This causes an over-production compared to the regional needs, and therefore a large part of these substances is exported; thus the region is characterised by an inflow of raw materials and an outflow of final products.
As a consequence there are urban areas subject to an intense traffic of hazardous materials and safety cannot be ensured.
The paper focuses attention on the application of the quantitative risk analysis to the case study, in order to evaluate the risk associated with the transport of dangerous goods including scenarios caused by terrorist attacks in an urban area. A complete inventory of dangerous substances was the basis of a complete risk analysis.
The study has been applied to the case study focusing attention on two types of incidental events, explosions and toxic dispersions.
The work has permitted the quantification of the increase of the risk level associated with terrorist attacks in the transportation of dangerous goods using an appropriate approach and then the damage areas have identified.
The proposed approach will allow the definition of appropriate emergency procedure for this kind of event and protection measures for potential targets
Risk evaluation in workplaces characterized by potential explosion hazards
No full textThe Directive 99/92/EC deals with the safety and health protection of workers potentially exposed at explosive atmospheres. Its application requires the assessment of specific risks due to the presence of potentially explosive atmospheres. These can generally be originated by releases of flammable substances and are typical of industries classified at major hazard, they often could be generated also in other industries where flammable materials are handling. Risk assessment of explosive atmospheres is required by the legislation. In this article a quantitative approach is presented. The paper describes the main aspects of the methodology, based on a probabilistic risk assessment, its application to a case-study and finally some criteria to judge the acceptability of the risk
Learnig from accidents : Investigation and risk analysis on an incident in the transport and storage of Monomers
No full textIn this work the analysis of an accident in transport of dangerous goods is proposed.
The objective of this study is to contribute to the determination of the causes that brought about the self-polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene (DVB 63%) contained in an iso-container, in order to prevent this accident to happen in the future.
Time and conditions during transport and storage of monomers (in particular the storage temperature) are very important factors, that affect their self-polymerization aptitude.
In particular one hypothesis has been investigated: probably the quantity of oxygen in the tanker was insufficient to activate properly the inhibition mechanism. From this consideration the self-polymerization of DVB and the inhibition mechanism of 4-tert-Butylcatechol (TBC) have been studied as a function of temperature and monomer exposure to air with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Adiabatic Calorimetry
Learning from accidents: investigation and risk analysis of an incident in the transport and storage of monomers
No full textThis work presents the analysis of an incident occurred during the transport of divinylbenzene (DVB); the event is investigated by means of experimental analysis and mathematical modelling. The objective of the experimental part is to contribute to the determination of the causes that brought about the self-polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene contained in an isothermal container. Time and conditions during transport/storage of monomers are important factors that affect the self-polymerization aptitude of these substances. The modelling of the incident has been made in order to point out the need of a detailed risk analysis to support emergency management in the transport of hazardous materials. The importance of risk analysis in the transport of dangerous goods has been evidenced by several studies in the last decade, these also showed that in some case the risk associated with the transport of hazardous substances could be comparable to those associated with chemical plants
Risk evaluation of Terrorist Attacks against Chemical Facilities and Transport Systems in Urban Areas
Full text linkTerrorist actions have increased in recent years. In the past,
terrorist attacks or sabotage have been considered as a security problem
but their frequency means they must also be considered from the
safety point of view. A complete risk analysis must include scenarios
caused by terrorist attack or sabotage. As well as chemical plants and
storage facilities, characterized by the presence of large quantities of
dangerous substances, also road/rail tankers used for their transport
constitute potential targets. The hazard associated with transportation
depends on the vulnerability of the territory. This paper focuses attention
on the description of a methodology for the analysis of incidental
scenarios caused by terrorist attacks in urban areas and the identification
of some aspects where improvements can be made. Finally,
an application of this method is illustrated. Furthermore, in order to
obtain a complete risk analysis, it is necessary to take into account
that, beyond substances transported, the consequences depend on the
mode of attack and the characteristics of the infrastructure an
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