126 research outputs found
THE ROLE OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN DECREASE OF ELASTICITY OF MAGISTRAL ARTERIES AND IN PROGRESSION OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION, ObESITY AND TYPE 2 DIAbETES
Get PDFAim. To evaluate the role of systemic inflammation in decrease of magistral arteries elasticity and progression of endothelial dysfunction in arterial hypertension (AH) patients comorbid with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (DM2).Material and methods. Ninety patients with AH stages II-III, 45-65 year old, were selected to 3 groups. Group 1 — patients with “isolated” AH, group 2 — AH with obesity, group 3 — AH and DM2 patients. Standard physical examination was done, vascular stiffness assessment by pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement of the vessels of muscular (PWVm) and elastic (PWVe) types; the levels were measured of systemic inflammation markers, endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis.Results. PWVe and PWVe >10 m/s were significantly more common in group 3 patients comparing to group 1 (10,3 [9,5;11,7] vs 9,0 [8,0;11,3] m/s and 70 vs 40%, respectively). Concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in AH with DM2 comparing to AH and obesity or only AH (7,92 [4,77;16,15] vs 4,77 [4,53;5,43], 7,92 [4,77;16,15] vs 2,98 [0,65;7,19] mg/L, respectively). Level of endothelin-1 (E1) in blood serum increased significantly in 1 to 3 group, with significant differences in all groups. In AH and DM2 patients, concentration of collagen type 4 in the blood was statistically significantly higher than in AH and obesity patients and only AH (5,67 [3,58;9,20] vs 2,94 [2,57;8,45], 5,67 [3,58;9,20] vs 2,63 [2,23;7,28] ng/mL). Correlational analysis showed the presence of highly significant correlations in concentrations of CRP and PWVe (r=0,41), level of E1 (0,51), in E1 and duration of DM2 anamnesis (r=0,58), body mass index (r=0,35), smoking (r=0,54), PWVm (r=0,47), PWVe (r=0,47), in concentration of collagen type 4 and duration of DM2 anamnesis (r=0,36), PWVe (r=0,31). Conclusion. The data obtained witness on the negative influence of systemic inflammation on the elasticity of vascular wall of magistral arteries, and on its importance in progression of endothelial dysfunction in AH patients comorbid with obesity and DM2
The Influence of Non-Alc oholic Fatty Liver Disease on Indicators of Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Get PDFAim. To determine the value of concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with arterial hypertension in the progression of rigidity of the main arteries and in increase of risk of cardiovascular complications. Material and methods. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted. Group 1 (n=50, 35(70%) women, average age 57,4±6,9 years) included patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, group 2 (n=50, 40(80%) women, average age 56,5±7,0 years) included patients with arterial hypertension only. The groups were comparable in the main clinical and demographic indicators (p>0,05). A comparative analysis of pulse wave velocity, central aortic pressure, vascular age and a 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular complications in both groups was performed.Results. There is a statistically larger number of patients with metabolic index>7,0 (58,0% vs 28,0%, p=0,0019). It was also established that systolic (121,9±10,9 mm Hg vs 115,9±8,9 mm Hg) and diastolic (82,5±9,3 mm Hg vs 77,4±8,9 mm Hg) aortic pressure, as well as the augmentation index (26,5±8,5% vs 18,6±4,2%), were significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in patients with isolated arterial hypertension. In the 1st group, a statistically significant increased pulse wave velocity was found both in muscular (12,0±3,1 m/s vs 10,6±1,8 m/s) and elastic (10,4±2,8 m/s vs 9,1±1,7 m/s) vessels, which indicates an increase in arterial stiffness. In addition, there was an increase in post-occlusal pulse wave velocity in this category of patients (11,0±3,3 m/s vs 9,4±1,9 m/s, p=0,0037). A significant increase in vascular age in relation to the passport age (60,4 [56,0:68,0] years vs 58,0 [53,0:60,0] years) and an increase in the 10-year fatal risk was detected (2,15 [1,42: 4,63] and 1,05 [0,52: 2,82] %, p = 0,0043 ) were also revealed in patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to patients with isolated arterial hypertension. Significantly more patients with a high (13 (26,0%) vs 5 (10,0%), p = 0,0332) total cardiovascular risk were observed in group 1 than in group 2.Conclusions. Arterial stiffness was significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in patients with isolated arterial hypertension, which is confirmed by a statistically significant increase in pulse wave velocity and central aortic pressure. Comorbid patients have pronounced endothelial dysfunction, which is confirmed by a significant increase in the post-occlusion rate of the pulse wave. An increase in vascular age in relation to the passport age indicates earlier aging of blood vessels in the 1st group compared with the 2nd group. Patients in the main group have a higher incidence of a high 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular events compared with patients in the control group
The state of the main arteries, vascular age in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity: the role of leptin and adiponectin
Get PDFAim. To study the state of the main arteries and vascular age in conjunction with the level of leptin and adiponectin in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity.Material and methods. One hundred and twenty patients with AH stage II aged from 45 to 65 years were divided into 3 groups depending on body mass index (BMI). Group 1 was represented by patients with AH and normal BMI, the 2 group was represented by patients with AH and excessive BMI, the 3 group was represented by patients with AH in combination with obesity. A standard clinical examination was performed, the stiffness of the vascular wall was measured by measuring the pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the muscle and elastic vessels (PWVe), vascular age was calculated, and the laboratory markers of obesity were determined.Results. High percentage of visceral obesity was observed: 20,0% among people with normal BMI, 64,4% among overweight people and 100% among people with obesity (differences between 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 2 and 3 groups are reliable). A statistically significant increase in PWVe was detected in patients with AH and obesity in comparison with patients with AH and normal body weight (9,8 [8,5; 11,3] vs 8,0 [79; 8,1] m/s). Vascular age was higher in patients with AH and overweight or obesity compared with patients with AH and normal weight (670 [60,0; 76,0], 68,0 [60,0; 72,0] vs 58,0 [57,0; 60,0] years, respectively). A statistically significant increase in the concentration of leptin (6,9 [4,5; 15,1] vs 19,0 [74; 42,7] vs 53,8 [38,4; 75,8] ng/ml) was detected, as well as a decrease in adiponectin concentration from the 1 to the 3 group (44,9 [36,6; 55,8] vs 16,5 [12,5; 24,7] vs 18,6 [15,3; 22,4] ng/ml, respectively).Correlation analysis revealed the presence of highly reliable relationships between the parameters of rigidity of the main arteries and laboratory markers of obesity.Conclusion. The results indicated a negative effect of hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia on the elasticity of the vascular wall of the main arteries and the vascular age in hypertensive patients with its combination with overweight or obesity
Effect of visceral obesity on main artery elasticity and vascular age in patients with hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
Get PDFAim. To assess the effect of visceral obesity on main artery elasticity and vascular age in patients with hypertension (HTN), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. A total of 320 patients with stage II-III HTN aged 4570 years were divided into 4 groups: isolated HTN (group 1), HTN and obesity (group 2), HTN, obesity and T2D (group 3), HTN and T2D without obesity (group 4). We assessed the clinical status, parameters of visceral obesity, main artery elasticity, and vascular age. We used nonparametric statistics, Spearman correlation analysis.Results. At least 50% of all patients had visceral obesity, despite no BMI-estimated obesity in groups 1 and 4: 57,5 vs 100,0 vs 100,0 vs 50,0% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (p<0,0001).In the groups where hypertension was combined with obesity and T2D, the proportion of patients with leptin content above 32,7 ng/ml significantly increased to 80% (in total for groups 2 and 3) compared with 25,0% among HTN people without obesity (in total for groups 1 and 4). There was a significant increase in proportion of patients with a adiponectin decrease <14,6 ng/ml among patients with a combination of HTN and T2D ± obesity (45% in total for groups 3 and 4) in comparison with those with HTN and without T2D ± obesity (22,5% in total for groups 1 and 2).The visceral adiposity index (VAI) was significantly higher among patients with HTN, obesity and T2D compared with those with isolated HTN and HTN in combination with T2D only (2,96 [2,36; 3,98] vs 1,87 [1,40; 2,67] vs 2,22 [1,61; 3,26], respectively). A higher proportion of subjects with adipose tissue dysfunction was noted in groups 2 and 3 compared to groups 1 and 4 (75 vs 81,1 vs 41,5 vs 53,4%, respectively, p1-2<0,001, p1-3<0,001, p2-4=0,023, p3-4=0,002).The proportion of patients with a pulse wave velocity >10 m/s was consistently more common among patients of group 3 compared with patients in groups 1 and 2 (77,0 vs 57,9 and 55,3%, respectively, p1-3=0,004, p2-3=0,006).Vascular age was significantly lower in group 1 compared with groups 3 and 4 (64,0 [57,8; 71,0] vs 69,0 [62,0; 73,0] and 69,5 [66,0; 74,3] years, respectively), as well as in group 2 compared with group 4 (64,0 [56,5; 70,5] vs 69,5 [66,0; 74,3] years). The 5-year risk of cardiovascular events was significantly higher among patients with hypertension, obesity and T2D and those with HTN and T2D without obesity, compared with patients with isolated HTN, and with those with HTN and obesity (5,9 [3,9; 7,9] and 6,5 [4,7; 8,7] vs 4,4 [2,7; 6,8] and 3,6 [2,4; 5,8], respectively). Correlation analysis revealed the relationship between the visceral obesity parameters, main artery elasticity, vascular age and the 5-year risk of cardiovascular events, demonstrating the special aspects of HTN course in each of the studied groups.Conclusion. The paper showed peculiarities of the effect of visceral obesity on main artery elasticity and vascular age in patients with HTN in combination with obesity and T2D
Recipes development and quality evaluation of food concentrate “buckwheat porridge” with higher nutritional and biological value
No full textProduction of food with specified characteristics (composition, structure, sensory parameter) is a promising direction of food industry development. Such products are low-calorie foods, they are good for health, have balanced composition and functional properties. They can be cooked fast and have extended storage. The main objective of the given research is to develop production technology and evaluate the quality of the food concentrate «Buckwheat porridge with soybean-fern-protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate» having higher biological and nutritional value. The research results made it possible to develop production technology of a new enriched food such as food concentrate with high biological and nutritional value using an analogue by means of increasing the number of components in the raw material as well as to get a model recipe of the food concentrate mixture with soybean-fern-protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate and evaluate product quality. By means of recipe modeling and determining the chemical composition, nutritional value as well as assessing the quality in respect to organoleptic parameters the authors proved that it is important to produce the given product. The research has revealed that if a person consumes the developed food concentrate the daily requirement for protein is satisfied 23%, fat – 18%, vitamin C – 37%, vitamin E – 105%, mineral substances: potassium – 23%, calcium – 12%, phosphorus – 40%, magnesium – 34%, and food fiber – 37%. That shows the advantages of the product if we compare it with the analogue. Using obtained results the author developed a set of technical documents, namely, corporate standard and operating procedures for the production of food concentrate «Buckwheat porridge with soybean-fern-protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate». The given product with specified qualities can be produced by catering companies and food-concentrates industry
Study of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
No full textAim. To study heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to: blood oxygen saturation level, parameters of respiratory function (RPF), Nt – proBNP concentration in blood plasma.Materials and methods. We examined 128 outpatients of both sexes. The patients’ age ranged from 45 to 70 years. Group 1 – main (60 patients) with CHF of ischemic genesis of NYHA functional class II – III and GOLD COPD of I – III degree of airflow restriction (GOLD 2019 classification) in the stage of stable remission, group 2 – control group (63 patients), with isolated CHF. All patients with CHF, who were included in the study, had myocardial infarction (AMI) from 1 to 5 years ago. There were no statistically significant differences in the severity of CHF between groups 1 and 2.Results. In patients with CHF and COPD, in contrast to patients with isolated CHF, a significant prevalence of the frequency of occurrence of the hypersympathicotonic type of autonomic regulation was revealed. Significantly lower indicators of heart rate variability were in the group of patients with concomitant COPD in comparison with patients with isolated CHF. Statistically significant correlations were revealed between HRV parameters and RPF, parameters of blood oxygen saturation level, NT-proBNP concentration in blood. Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant dependence of HRV parameters on the parameters of HRV and the concentration of NT-proBNP in the blood in the group of patients with CHF and COPD
HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Get PDFAim. To study the effect of long-term combined antihypertensive therapy with lisinopril plus amlodipine on the parameters of central aortic pressure (CAD) and visceral obesity in patients with arterial hypertension (HT) combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Material and methods. 30 patients with stage III of HT and DM type 2 aged 40-65 years were included into the study. After "washout period", combined therapy with amlodipine 6.2Ѓ}2.5 mg/day and lisinopril 12.3Ѓ}5.0 mg/day was prescribed, hypolipidemic therapy with atorvastatin 17.0Ѓ}4.7 mg/day and combined hypoglycemic therapy with metformin 1093.8Ѓ}253.6 mg/day and gliclazide 82.1Ѓ}38.5 mg/day were continued within 24 weeks. Initially, and after 24 weeks, a standard physical examination, 24-hour CAP parameters monitoring, body composition analysis with a percentage of visceral fat calculation, a visceral fat index (VAI) determination, the degree of adipose tissue dysfunction and the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assessment were performed.Results. Because of long-term therapy with lisinopril + amlodipine, a significant decrease in the level of office systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 22.3 and 12.5%, respectively, heart rate by 9,8%, and HbA1C level by 1.4% was found in comparison with the initial values. According to bioimpedanceometry a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of visceral fat (by 13.6%) was revealed, as well as VAI (by 22.5%) and the percentage of patients with very high visceral fat (Δ%=-36.7, р<0.05). Indicators of central hemodynamics were significantly improved in the form of decrease in the average daily, daytime and nighttime values of aortic SBP, DBP, pulse blood pressure, and augmentation index.Conclusions. Thus, long-term combined therapy with lisinopril and amlodipine has shown not only high antihypertensive efficacy and the ability to reliably improve the parameters of CAD, but also to reduce the activity of visceral obesity, providing an additional positive metabolic effect without adjusting the dose of statins and hypoglycemic drugs
A hydrozoan interpretation of Palaeoaplysina (enigmatic organisms) based on the canal arrangement and structure
Get PDFThe study of the canal system of the enigmatic organism Palaeoaplysina Krotov, 1888 suggests a hydrozoan origin for these fossils. It is shown that the Palaeoaplysina canal system consists of three zones and can be interpreted as hydrorhizae that had their own function and morphology in each zone. In the basal part of the colony, the hydrorhizae consist of disconnected parallel stolons. It is possible that a soft body was attached to the substrate in the event of adverse environmental conditions to survive a diapause. In the central zone of the colony the hydrorhizae are strongly branched. That was the zone responsible for feeding. The terminal part of the colony has a characteristic reticulum of hydrorhizae and strongly branched dendritic shoots with hydrants. Hydrorhizae worked as a distributary system transporting nutrients between zooids. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Preimushchestva vklyucheniya v terapiyu bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom i arterial'noy gipertenziey statinov: dopolnitel'nye vozmozhnosti organoprotektsii
No full textЦель. Изучение возможностей органопротекции при включении Кардиостатина? в терапию больных с МС и АГ. Материалы и методы. В открытое проспективное сравнительное исследование включено 43 пациента в возрасте от 45 до 65 лет с МС и АГ I и II степени тяжести. Группу I составили 22 пациента. Во II группу вошел 21 больной. Всем больным в течение 16 нед проводили терапию ИАПФ Инхибейсом в дозе 2,5?10 мг 1 раз в день утром и антагонистом кальция Амлотопом в дозе 5?10 мг однократно в сутки. Пациентам II группы в дополнение к антигипертензивной терапии назначали ловастатин в дозе 20?40 мг за ужином. Исходно и через 16 нед лечения проводили: биохимический анализ крови, суточное мониторирование АД (СМАД) осуществляли аппаратом. Морфофункцио нальное состояние миокарда левого желудочка (ЛЖ). Функциональное состояние почек оценивали, определяя экскрецию альбумина с мочой (МАУ), скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ), функциональный почечный резерв (ФПР), канальцевую реабсорбцию (КР) воды, экскрецию натрия с мочой (СЭNa+). Результаты. При анализе результатов СМАД установлена высокая гипотензивная эффективность обоих режимов терапии. При анализе типов суточного профиля АД в процессе терапии Инхибейсом, Амлотопом и Кардиостатином? выявлена положительная динамика. Через 4 мес терапии и соблюдения рекомендаций по немедикаментозным мерам профилактики атеросклероза в обеих группах отмечены положительные метаболические эффекты: снижение гиперхолестеринемии и гипертриглицеридемии, уменьшение атерогенности плазмы крови и гликемии натощак. Выводы. Таким образом, включение Кардиостатина? в терапию больных с МС и АГ оказало положительное влияние на суточный профиль АД: отмечено уменьшение нагрузки давлением, вариабельности АД, нормализация утренней динамики и суточного ритма АД. На фоне применения Кардиостатина? у больных МС и АГ происходит снижение коронарного риска и улучшение качества жизни. Достоверно уменьшается уровень МАУ и значимо улучшается функция клубочков и канальцев почек, нормализуется геометрия ЛЖ и снижается выраженность его гипертрофии, уменьшается частота встречаемости диастолической дисфункции ЛЖ. Использование Кардиостатина? в комплексном лечении больных с МС и АГ оказывает позитивное влияние на вариабельность сердечного ритма, а также липидный и пуриновый обмен
Two strategies for arterial hypertension treatment in patients with secondary chronic pyelonephritis
Get PDFAim. To compare the antihypertensive effectiveness, cardio- and nephroprotection, and metabolic effects of the combinations “enalapril + indapamide” vs. “enalapril + nifedipine slow release (SR)” in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and secondary chronic pyelonephritis (CPN). Material and methods. In total, 60 patients with AH and secondary CPN, aged 45-65 years, were divided into two groups: Group I (n=30) receiving combined therapy with enalapril (mean dose 15,9±2,3 mg/d) and indapamide (2,5 mg/d); and Group II (n=30) receiving the combination of enalapril (16,1±2,4 mg/d) and nifedipine SR (40 mg/d). The complex examination included 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM), echocardiography, measurement of morning urine specific gravity, microalbuminuria (MAU), urine levels of ß2-microglobulines, blood creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculation by MDRD formula, fasting glucose, potassium, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. Results. The combinations “enalapril + indapamide” and “enalapril + nifedipine SR” had similar effects in terms of BP lowering, MAU reduction, and improvement of proximal renal tubular function. In both groups, there was a decrease in the number of patients with circadian BP rhythm disturbances, adverse left ventricular remodelling types, or diastolic dysfunction. The combination of enalapril and indapamide was significantly more effective in terms of restoring renal concentrating function, compared to the combination “enalapril + nifedipine SR”. Both antihypertensive therapies were metabolically neutral, not affecting carbohydrate, purine, lipid, or electrolyte metabolism parameters.Conclusion. The combinations “enalapril + indapamide” and “enalapril + nifedipine SR” demonstrated high antihypertensive effectiveness, cardio- and nephroprotection, and metabolic neutrality
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