93 research outputs found
Two applications of a theorem of Dvoretsky, Wald, and Wolfovitz to cake division
Get PDFFair division, Pareto optimal, convex, Lyapounov's theorem, Dvoretsky Wald and Wolfovitz's theorem,
TRAVEL TO COUNTRY IATROGENIC. YATROGENIYA DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES (Message 3)
No full textA special group of iatrogenic complications are associated with various diagnostic manipulations — from a physical examination of the patient to angiographic studies, diagnostic laparoscopy or thoracoscopy. The article presents data on the frequency and nature of diagnostic iatrogenic in clinical practice. The range of diagnostic iatrogenesis in terms of its manifestations, severity and prognosis is wide enough — from skin irritation with gel during ultrasound to dissection of the coronary artery during coronary angiography. The article presents examples of iatrogenic diagnostic procedures, starting with the clinical examination process (collection of complaints and anamnesis, physical examination), and ending with complex invasive examinations. Yatrogenia, which occur with the use of preparations containing contrast (in particular iodine-containing drugs), which are widely used in clinical practice (CT with contrasting, angiography, etc.) with a diagnostic purpose, are considered in detail. The article describes the risk factors, knowledge of which and awareness of their presence in the patient are mandatory before the introduction of drugs containing contrast. The review of complications arising during endoscopic examinations was carried out. The author reminds that iatrogenic events in endoscopic procedures can be manifested not only by complications from the organ under examination (esophagus, stomach, intestines), but also depend on the patient’s condition, his preparation for the procedure, and the specialist’s possession of endoscopic technique. In conclusion, the author gives a clinical observation in which the risk factor of the iatrogenic event was the presence of an anomaly in the liver and pancreas duct systems in the patient. The author of the article encourages colleagues to pay more attention to the process of making a decision to conduct a diagnostic study, always to evaluate the benefit / risk ratio in terms of the real usefulness of the diagnostic study for the patient and the risk of complication development
Semiconductors V. 33, I. 03
No full textleave(s) : ill; 28 cm.Semiconductors -- March 1999
Volume 33, Issue 3, pp. 265-372
REVIEW
Dopant impurity diffusion from polymer diffusants and its applications in semiconductor device technology. A review
E. G. Guk, A. V. Kamanin, N. M. Shmidt, V. B. Shuman, and T. A. Yurre
Full Text: PDF (175 kB)
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Dielectric properties of the semiconducting compounds Cd1���xFexTe
P. V. Zukowski, J. Partyka, P. Wegierek, J. W. Sidorenko, J. A. Szostak, and A. Rodzik
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Current-illumination characteristics of CdHgTe crystals with photoactive inclusions
A. I. Vlasenko and Z. K. Vlasenko
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Temperature dependences of the photoconducitivty of CdHgTe crystals with photoactive inclusions
A. I. Vlasenko and Z. K. Vlasenko
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Raman scattering spectroscopy of Zn1 ��� xCdxSe films grown on GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy
L. K. Vodop'yanov, N. N. Mel'nik, and Yu. G. Sadof'ev
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Optical and photoelectric properties of Zn1 ��� xFexTe crystals
Yu. P. Gnatenko, I. A. Farina, and R. V. Gamernyk
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Calculating the band structure of InSb1 ��� xBix solid solutions
V. G. Deibuk, Ya. I. Viklyuk, and I. M. Rarenko
Full Text: PDF (108 kB)
SEMICONDUCTORS STRUCTURES,INTERFACES,AND SURFACES
Effective charge carrier lifetime in CdHgTe variable-gap structures
V. M. Osadchii, A. O. Suslyakov, V. V. Vasil'ev, and S. A. Dvoretsky
Full Text: PDF (84 kB)
Polarization photosensitivity of GaN/Si heterojunctions
V. M. Botnaruk, S. D. Raevsky, V. V. Belkov, Yu. V. Zhilyaev, Yu. V. Rud, L. M. Fedorov, and V. Yu. Rud
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Mechanism for heavy Fe doping of epitaxial GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures
I. Ya. Gerlovin, Yu. K. Dolgikh, S. A. Eliseev, Yu. P. Efimov, I. A. Nodokus, V. V. Ovsyankin, V. V. Petrov, and B. Ya. Ber
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Ion neutralization effects at a semiconductor-insulator interface produced as a result of space-charge thermal depolarization of MOS structures
E. I. Goldman, A. G. Zhdan, and N. F. Kukharskaya
Full Text: PDF (120 kB)
LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS
Selective doping in hydride epitaxy and the electrical properties of quantum-well Ge/GeSi:B heterostructures
L. K. Orlov, R. A. Rubtsova, and N. L. Orlova
Full Text: PDF (94 kB)
Photoluminescence and transport properties of multilayer InAs/GaAs structures with quantum dots
V. A. Kul'bachinskii, V. G. Kytin, R. A. Lunin, A. V. Golikov, I. G. Malkina, B. N. Zvonkov, and Yu. N. Saf'yanov
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AMORPHOUS,GLASSY,AND POROUS SEMICONDUCTORS
Comparative study of the optical properties of porous silicon and the oxides SiO and SiO2
A. N. Obraztsov, V. Yu. Timoshenko, H. Okushi, and H. Watanabe
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Photosensitive structures based on porous silicon
�. B. Kaganovich, �. G. Manoilov, and S. V. Svechnikov
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Photoconductivity of amorphous hydrated silicon doped by ion implantation
A. G. Kazanskii, N. V. Ryzhkova, and S. M. Pietruszko
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Electronic properties and structure of a-Si : H films with higher photosensitivity
O. A. Golikova and M. M. Kazanin
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PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Electrical and photoelectric characteristics of n-Si/porous silicon/Pd diode structures and the effect of gaseous hydrogen on them
S. V. Slobodchikov, D. N. Goryachev, Kh. M. Salikhov, and O. M. Sreseli
Full Text: PDF (95 kB)
Temperature dependence of the quantum efficiency of silicon p ��� n photodiodes
Yu. A. Goldberg, V. V. Zabrodsky, O. I. Obolensky, T. V. Petelina, and V. L. Suhanov
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Planar-doped gallium-arsenide structures for bulk potential barrier microwave diodes
N. A. Maleev, A. Yu. Egorov, A. E. Zhukov, A. R. Kovsh, V. M. Ustinov, V. V. Volkov, and M. F. Kokorev
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Suppression of Auger recombination in diode lasers utilizing InAsSb/InAsSbP and InAs/GaInAsSb type-II heterojunctions
G. G. Zegrya, M. P. Mikhailova, T. N. Danilova, A. N. Imenkov, K. D. Moiseev, V. V. Sherstnev, and Yu. P. Yakovlev
Full Text: PDF (107 kB)
Bistability of electroluminescence in a type-II AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb double heterostructure
B. E. Zhurtanov, K. D. Moiseev, M. P. Mikhailova, T. I. Voronina, N. D. Stoyanov, and Yu. P. Yakovlev
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Effect of heat treatment on the photoelectric properties of Si(Zn) photodetectors
E. V. Astrova, V. B. Voronkov, A. A. Lebedev, A. N. Lodygin, and A. D. Remenyuk
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Vertical double-collector, strain-sensitive transistor with accelerating electric fields in the base and in the emitter
G. G. Babichev, S. I. Kozlovskii, and V. A. Romanov
Full Text: PDF (151 kB)The content contained herein is maintained and curated by the Preservation Department.This record is revised and maintained by the content administrators from the Cataloging & Metadata Department
TRAVEL TO COUNTRY IATROGENIC (Message 2)
Get PDFThe problem of iatrogenesis inevitably dictates the need for not only an exhaustive definition (which in principle is impossible), but also classification with a division into different species. The article deals with the main types of iatrogenia, the classification of iatrogenic proposed by I.A. Kassirsky, E.M. Tareev, S.Ya. Doletsky, A.V. Smolyannikov, V.V. Nekatchalov, and others, which are based on various principles and approaches. Given the expanded interpretation of iatrogenic and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to this problem among iatrogenic events, it is suggested to distinguish the following types of iatrogenic: psychogenic, hospital, therapeutic and preventive, iatrogenic diagnostic studies. Particular attention is paid in the article to psychogenic iatrogenia, which often arises in the process of communication between a doctor and patients. They consider not only iatrogenia, «having a starting point for the behavior of a doctor», but also iatrogenia, caused by certain traits of the patient’s character (insecurity, propensity to anxiety fears, increased attention to the slightest changes in health, emotional vulnerability, etc.), predetermining inadequate reactions to any Medical information. Of no small importance in the development of psychogenic iatrogenia is the quality of the medical documentation issued by the doctor to the patient (extracts from the case histories, advisory opinions, descriptions of research results, recommendations, etc.). In this case, it is necessary to avoid formulations that, without proper explanation, may be inadequately perceived by the patient and alert him or her. To the sources of psychogenic iatrogenic, some authors also refer to improperly conducted medical education, the publication of contentious, nonscientific results that do not meet the requirements of evidence-based medicine, although the doctor may not directly participate in this. The author of the article encourages colleagues to pay more attention to the process of communication with the patient, the preparation of documentation in the process of patient management, to remember that psychogenic iatrogenia can have negative consequences for the patient, and can be a source of violation of the relationship between the doctor and the patient
Virus del papil·loma humà com a factor pronòstic en les neoplàsies malignes de la vulva i de la vagina
Get PDF[cat] El Virus del Papil•loma Humà (VPH) està implicat en la patogènesis dels tumors del tracte genital femení i es detecta en la pràctica totalitat dels carcinomes de cèrvix, considerant-se una causa necessària per al seu desenvolupament. El VPH també sembla estar involucrat en una proporció de tumors de la vulva i de la vagina, però al contrari que en el cèrvix, els carcinomes escamosos de la vulva (CEV) i de la vagina (CEVa) es desenvolupen seguint dues vies etiopatogèniques diferents: una relacionada amb la infecció pel VPH i una independent de la infecció viral. Degut a la baixa incidència de tumors en aquestes localitzacions, hi ha molt pocs coneixements sobre la epidemiologia, les característiques histològiques i les conseqüències clíniques dels tumors relacionats amb el VPH.
Per altra banda, en totes aquestes localitzacions, tant les lesions premalignes com els carcinomes relacionats amb el VPH semblen presentar una morfologia basaloide o condilomatosa, mentre que els carcinomes no relacionats amb el VPH són generalment queratinitzants. Des de fa un temps s’ha evidenciat que la sobrexpressió de p16ink4a es troba de manera uniforme en totes les lesions premalignes i malignes del cèrvix uterí i d’altres localitzacions, com l’amígdala, la vulva o la regió anorectal, associades a la infecció el VPH i s’ha proposat coma marcador d’aquesta infecció viral.
L’objectiu de la tesi va ser estudiar un grup ampli de lesions de vulva i de vagina analitzant la presència o no de VPH i determinar si existeixen característiques morfològiques, immunohistoquímiques i clínico-patològiques diferencials entre els tumors positius i els negatius per al VPH.
Com a metodologia es va avaluar retrospectivament els casos de CEVa i CEV diagnosticats a l’Hospital Clínic, a l’Hospital de la Vall d’Hebrón, a l’Instituto Portugués de Oncología de Lisboa i a l’Hospital de Vic, entre 1989 i el 2009. El VPH es va detectar mitjançant tècniques de PCR utilitzant primers SPF-10 i tipificat amb el mètode INNO-LIPA HPV. També es van realitzar tècniques de immunohistoquímica per la detecció de p16ink4A i p53. Es va realitzar l’anàlisi de la supervivència global (OS) i de la supervivència lliure de malaltia (DFS) mitjançant corbes de Kaplan- Meier i anàlisis multivariades utilitzant el model de Cox.
Els resultats que es van obtenir van ser que tant el CEV com el CEVa presenten dues vies etiopatogèniques, una en relació a la infecció pel VPH i una independent de la infecció viral. El tipus viral més freqüent és el VPH de tipus 16. La tinció immunohistoquímica amb p16ink4 mostra una gran especificitat i sensibilitat per al diagnòstic dels carcinomes escamosos de vagina associats al VPH, i és una tècnica útil i simple per a classificar-los etiològicament.
Les dones amb CEV associat al VPH presenten un pronòstic similar a les dones amb carcinomes no relacionats amb el VPH, mentre que les pacients amb CEVa relacionat amb el VPH tenen una millor supervivència global i supervivència lliure de malaltia. Aquesta supervivència està limitada als estadis I i II de la malaltia.
Les lesions vulvars intraepitelials negatives per a la infecció del VPH poden adoptar, ocasionalment, una morfologia basaloide i confondre’s amb un VIN de tipus clàssic (relacionat amb el VPH), per això, la tinció immunohistoquímica amb p16(ink4a) i p53 poden ser útils en l’adequada classificació d’aquestes lesions.[eng] HUMAM PAPILLOMA VIRUS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN THE CARCINOMAS OF THE VULVA AND THE VAGINA
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of maligmant and premalignant tumours of the female lower genital tract and has been detected in almost 100% of cervical carcinomas. HPV also seems to be involved in a proportion of vulva and vagina tumours, but unlike the cervix, these tumors develop following two different etiopathogenic pathways: one group is related to HPV infection whereas a second group arises via independent- HPV infection. Premalignant and malignant tumours related to to HPV are histologicaly squamous cell carcinoma of non-keratinizing, basaloid or warty types, whereas most HPV-negative tumors are commonly of keratinizing type. However some overlap exists between the histological types and the association with HPV and immunohistochemical studies with p16ink4a has been proposed as a marker of this viral infection in the neoplasms.
As a methodology, cases of carcinoma of the vulva and the vagina diagnosed in Hospital Clinic, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebron, Portuguese Institute of Oncology and Hospital de Vic, were analyzed between 1989 and 2009. HPV was detected by PCR. Immunohistochemical techniques were carried out for the detection of p p16ink4a and p53. The analysis of the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was made through Kaplan Meier analysis and multivariate curves using the Cox model.
The results show that in vagina, as in vulva, there are two independent pathways in the development of tha carcinomas, one related an another independant of the HPV infection.The most common HPV viral type is the 16 . Immunohistochemical p16ink4 staining shows a great sensitivity and specificity for HPV related neoplasms, and is a useful technique to classify them.
In vulva, women with HPV-tumours present a similar prognosis that women with non-HPV related tumours, while in vagina patients with HPV-related tumours stand a better overall survival and disease-free survival. This survival is limited to stages I and II of the disease.
Vulvars negative intraepitelials neoplasms for HPV infection can adopt an basaloide morphology and p16ink4a staining with may be helpful in the proper classification
БОЛЬНОЙ С ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ НИЖНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ. ВРАЧЕБНЫЙ КОНСИЛИУМ
Get PDFIn primary care, the most common lower respiratory tract infections are acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis / chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and community-acquired pneumonia. A general practitioner should make a decision about management of such patient considering clinical and laboratory data. Two cases of an acute exacerbation of COPD and community-acquired pneumonia were discussed in the article. Issues of optimal antibacterial therapy were reviewed. The main pathogens causing acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis / COPD are S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, so preferable antibiotics in this case could be aminopenicillines, macrolides, newer fluoroquinolones. According to the results of PeGAS survey josamycin is a macrolide with the highest activity against S. pneumoniae.Наиболее частыми вариантами инфекций нижних дыхательных путей в практике врача первичного звена являются острый бронхит, обострение хронического бронхита (ХБ) или хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) и внебольничная пневмония. Поликлиническому врачу приходится принимать решение о тактике ведения таких пациентов с учетом клинической ситуации и результатов амбулаторного обследования. Читателю предлагаются для рассмотрения две клинические ситуации: пациент с обострением хронической обструктивной болезни легких и с внебольничной пневмонией, для обсуждения вопросов рациональной антибактериальной терапии
Spatial Distribution and Growth Patterns of a Common Bivalve Mollusk (Macoma calcarea) in Svalbard Fjords in Relation to Environmental Factors
No full textOngoing warming in the Arctic has led to significant sea-ice loss and alterations in primary production, affecting all components of the marine food web. The considerable spatial variability of near-bottom environments around the Svalbard Archipelago renders the local fjords promising sites for revealing responses of benthic organisms to different environmental conditions. We investigated spatial variations in abundance, biomass, and growth parameters of the common bivalve Macoma calcarea in waters off western Spitsbergen and identified two distinct groups of this species: one composed mainly of cold-water stations from Storfjorden (Group I) and the other comprising warmer-water stations from Grønfjorden and Coles Bay (Group II). Within these groups, the mean abundance, biomass, production, and mortality accounted for 0.2 and 429 ind. m−2, 20 and 179 g m−2, 18.5 and 314 g m−2 year−1, and 0.22 and 0.10 year−1 respectively. The size–frequency and age–frequency distributions were biased towards smaller and younger specimens in Group I, while Group II displayed more even distributions. The maximum ages were 11 and 21 years, respectively. The mollusks from cold water were significantly smaller than their same-aged counterparts from warmer water. Two groups of Macoma were identified: slow-growing individuals with a rate of 1.4 mm and fast-growing individuals with a growth rate of 1.8 mm. Most population parameters were higher than those observed in the Pechora, Kara, and Greenland Seas. Redundancy analysis indicated water temperature as the main driving factor of abundance and biomass, while the latter was also influenced by the presence of pebbles. Our findings provide new insights into the growth patterns and spatial distribution of Macoma at high latitudes and confirm that this species can serve as a reliable indicator of environmental conditions
Анемия у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: коморбидность или системное проявление?
Get PDFAnemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: is it co-morbidity or a systemic manifestation?Анемия у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: коморбидность или системное проявление
Localization of helical edge states in the absence of external magnetic field
No full textFunding Information: This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 18-72-10135 (device fabrication, all the measurements, analysis of the magnetotransport behavior of the short edges). Fabrication of the devices was performed using the equipment of MIPT Shared Facilities Center. Influence of the external magnetic field on the conductance of the long edges was analyzed under the state task of the ISSP RAS. We thank I. S. Burmistrov, Y.-Z. Chou, V. S. Khrapai, R. M. Nandkishore, and L. Radzihovsky for useful discussions. We also thank E. M. Baeva, A. K. Grebenko, G. N. Goltsman, A. I. Kardakova, and V. N. Zverev for technical assistance. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 American Physical Society.Theoretically, the helical edge states of two-dimensional topological insulators are protected from coherent backscattering due to nonmagnetic disorder provided electron interactions are not too strong. Experimentally, the edges typically do not demonstrate systematic and robust quantization, but at the same time little is known about the sub-Kelvin temperature behavior. Here, we report the surprising localization of the edge states in an 8-nm HgTe quantum well in zero magnetic field at millikelvin temperatures. Additionally, the magnetoresistance data at 0.5K for edges a few micrometers long suggest the field-dependent localization length lB∝B-α, with α ranging approximately from 1.6 to 2.8 at fields B≲0.1T and α≈1.1 at higher fields up to 0.5T. In the frame of the disordered interacting edge, these values of α correspond to the Luttinger liquid parameters K≈0.9-1.1 and K≈0.6, respectively. We discuss possible scenarios which could result in zero magnetic field localization.Peer reviewe
Ключевые вопросы антибактериальной терапии обострений хронической обструктивной болезни легких
Get PDFKey points of antibacterial therapy of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Ключевые вопросы антибактериальной терапии обострений хронической обструктивной болезни легких
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