29,770 research outputs found
Simulium (Inseliellum) sublonckei Craig, 2004, n. sp.
No full textSimulium (Inseliellum) sublonckei n. sp. Figs. 7 –12, 15, 28 Types Holotype Larva: Last instar: in alcohol. Label data: " Simulium (I) sublonckei Craig. TAHITI, Vaitamanu Valley, 2 nd cascade, alt. 325 m. S 17 ° 37.51 ’ W 149 ° 26.20 ’. 12 xi 2000. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig. HOLOTYPE # 16525 " (BPBM). Paratypes Larvae: Penultimate instars in alcohol. Label data as for Holotype, but with “ PARATYPE ” (larvae. CNCI, BPBM, DAC, ROM). Diagnosis Larva: body densely covered dorsally with dark brown, ovoid tubercles, with sharp delimitation laterally and pale median line on thorax; head markedly convex posteriorly, not markedly narrowed anteriorly; setae numerous, sockets raised; stemmata distinctly bulged laterally; labral fan stems well developed; 23 substantial labral fan rays; posteroventral arms of anal sclerite extended laterally to form winglike lobes. Description Adult Female (Unknown) Adult Male ( Unknown) Larva (based on six last instar larvae). Body: total length 6.5–7.6 mm; colour dark brown dorsally, sharply delimited laterally, pale ventrally; pale median line on thorax. Head (Fig. 15): width 0.86–0.93 mm, length 0.83–0.93 mm; distance between fanstem bases 0.42 mm; colour evenly dark brown; headspot pattern not obvious; frontoclypeal apotome narrowed posteriorly; head margins highly convex posteriorly, narrowed anteriorly, but not markedly; cervical sclerites fused to postocciput, but not to cephalic apotome; cuticle corrugated and slightly rugose; setae numerous, length normal, distinct dark raised sockets (Fig. 8). Antenna: evenly dark brown; 0.42 mm long; basal article curved, distal article 0.12 mm long, extended just beyond apex of labralfan stem. Labral fan: stem brown and markedly hairy; 23 rays, 0.7 mm in length, brown, 2–3 posterolateral rays finer than others, medial rays 0.02 mm in width, microtrichia of medial rays 0.8 times ray width, pattern of longer microtrichia with 14–15 smaller ones, decreased abruptly in length to next long one, pattern very distinct, apex of ray markedly extended. Postgenal cleft (Fig. 8): markedly Ushaped, 0.6 times deep as wide; postgenal bridge 1.2 times longer than cleft depth. Hypostoma (Fig. 9): 15 teeth, median tooth subequal in length to other teeth; adjacent sublateral teeth smaller; other sublateral teeth peglike, subequal in length, apices forming curved line laterally; lateral teeth not distinct; 1 paralateral tooth; 2 lateral serrations; 9–10 hypostomal setae per side, some bases closely situated. Mandible (Fig. 10): apical teeth heavily sclerotized and blunt; 8 substantial spinous teeth decreased abruptly in length to serration; serration basal width 1.2 times height, anterior convex edge 2.0 times longer than concave posterior edge; sensillum poorly developed. Mandibular phragma: extended ventrally to 0.3 of maxilla base. Maxilla: tapered, palpus 0.076 mm in length, 0.032 mm in basal width. Thorax: dark brown dorsally and laterally, median pale line anteriorly (Fig. 15); sternum pale. Abdomen: segments I–IV narrower than thorax, not increased in size posteriorly; segments V–VII increased gradually to maximum width at segment VII, then decreased smoothly. Posteroventral tubercles absent. Posterodorsal cuticle with closelypacked, small, dark brown tubercles; setae numerous with raised dark sockets (Fig. 11). Anal sclerite (Fig. 12): junction between anterior and posterior arms heavily pigmented and massive, anterior arms short and sharply tapered; posterolateral arms extended laterally to form heavily tuberculate, winglike lobes, junction with accessory sclerite tenuous; accessory sclerite heavily pigmented and extended anteriorly to form anterolateral sclerite; posterolateral arms 4.0 times longer than anterolateral arms and extended 0.6 distance around posterior proleg; cuticle surrounding sclerite markedly setose. Posterior proleg circlet of hooks: with 163 rows of hooks, 25–27 hooks per row. Rectal papillae: complex. Additional material examined Tahitinui. Vaitamanu Vly Rd, 2 nd cscd. 400 m. 11 viii 1996. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig; 27 vii 1998. Coll. D. A. Craig and D. A. Joy; 13 xi 2000. S 17 ° 47.72 ’ W 149 ° 11.47 ’. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig (larvae. BPBM, DAC). Papenoo Valley, Marae cascade. 50 m. 26 vii 92. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig (larva. DAC). Vaihiria Valley, cascade. 228 m. 9 viii 1996. Coll. D. A. Craig and R. E. G. Craig (larvae. DAC). Tahinu River. 445 m. 10 viii 1996. Coll. D. A. Craig and R. E. G. Craig (larvae. DAC). Tahitiiti: 4 km west of Tautira, cascade. 4 iv 1988. Coll. D. A. Craig and S. Loncke (larva. DAC). Fauoro Valley, Tirahi River, cascade. 40 m. 29 iv 88. Coll. D. A. Craig (larva. DAC). Vaitepiha River, cascade. 40 m. S 17 ° 46.61 ' W 149 ° 10.68 '. 1 viii 1998. Coll. D. A. Craig and D. A. Joy (larvae. DAC). Etymology Named for its probable basal phylogenetic relationship to S. lonckei. Comments Larvae of S. sublonckei are similar in colouration and shape to those of S. lonckei and initially difficult to distinguish. Indeed, a misidentification was made by Craig (1997) where his Figure 63 is not of the larval head of S. lonckei, but is that of S. sublonckei. Further, the Vaitamanu locality given by Craig and Joy (2000) for S. lonckei is actually that for S. sublonckei. Larvae of both of these species are also similar to those of S. joyae (Fig 14), but they can be distinguished by the sharp lateral cutoff of the abdominal dorsal pigmentation and cuticular tubercles, the distinct pale ecdysial line on the anterior thorax, a broader anterior head, labral fans with more rays and a distinct medial hypostomal tooth. Simulium sublonckei with broader anterior and posterior cephalic apotome (cf. Figs. 13– 15), would appear to be the more plesiomorphic of these three related species. Similar in habitat preference to S. lonckei and S. joyae, S. sublonckei is found only in cascades (Fig. 28). It occurs on both Tahitinui and Tahitiiti, as does also S. joyae. At present, S. lonckei is known only from cascades on Tahitiiti, a point of possible biogeographic significance. The type locality cascade of S. sublonckei has been well collected over the years (e.g., Craig and Joy 2000, Craig 2001). With a preponderance of larvae of S. cataractarum, those of other species collected are S. arlecchinum, S. dussertorum, S. fararae, S. fossatiae, S. hirticranium, S. malardei, S. oviceps and S. neoviceps. With ten species this cascade has the greatest richness of any Tahitian locality (Craig 1997, 2001), however, in comparison to simuliid habitats elsewhere (Adler et al. 2004), it is not unusual.Published as part of Craig, Douglas A., 2004, Three new species of Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Polynesia, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 450 on pages 6-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15795
Understanding the effects of product architecture on technical communication in product develoment organizations
No full textTitle from cover. "August 2000." At head of each leaf: DRAFT - 8/28/00.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-34).Manuel E. Sosa, Steven D. Eppinger, Craig M. Rowles
Use of electromyography to detect muscle exhaustion in finishing barrows fed ractopamine HCl
No full textCitation: Noel, J. A., Broxterman, R. M., McCoy, G. M., Craig, J. C., Phelps, K. J., Burnett, D. D., . . . Gonzalez, J. M. (2016). Use of electromyography to detect muscle exhaustion in finishing barrows fed ractopamine HCl. Journal of Animal Science, 94(6), 2344-2356. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0398The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary ractopamine HCl (RAC) on muscle fiber characteristics and electromyography (EMG) measures of finishing barrow exhaustion when barrows were subjected to increased levels of activity. Barrows (n = 34; 92 +/- 2 kg initial BW) were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: a conventional swine finishing diet containing 0 mg/kg ractopamine HCl (CON) or a diet formulated to meet the requirements of finishing barrows fed 10 mg/kg RAC (RAC+). After 32 d on feed, barrows were individually moved around a track at 0.79 m/s until subjectively exhausted. Wireless EMG sensors were affixed to the deltoideus (DT), triceps brachii lateral head (TLH), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles to measure median power frequency (MdPF) and root mean square (RMS) as indicators of action potential conduction velocity and muscle fiber recruitment, respectively. After harvest, samples of each muscle were collected for fiber type, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and capillary density analysis. Speed was not different (P = 0.82) between treatments, but RAC+ barrows reached subjective exhaustion earlier and covered less distance than CON barrows (P 0.29). There was a treatment x muscle interaction (P = 0.04) for end-point RMS values. The RAC diet did not change end-point RMS values in the DT or TLH (P > 0.37); however, the diet tended to decrease and increase end-point RMS in the ST and TFL, respectively (P 0.10). Muscles of RAC+ barrows tended to have less type I fibers and more capillaries per fiber (P < 0.07). Type I and IIA fibers of RAC+ barrows were larger (P < 0.07). Compared with all other muscles, the ST had more (P < 0.01) type IIB fibers and larger type I, IIA, and IIX fibers (P < 0.01). Type I, IIA, and IIX fibers of the ST also contained less SDH compared with the other muscles (P < 0.01). Barrows fed a RAC diet had increased time to subjective exhaustion due to loss of active muscle fibers in the ST, possibly due to fibers being larger and less oxidative in metabolism. Size increases in type I and IIA fibers with no change in oxidative capacity could also contribute to early exhaustion of RAC+ barrows. Overall, EMG technology can measure real-time muscle fiber loss to help explain subjective exhaustion in barrows
Aripiprazole in the treatment of challenging behaviour in adults with autism spectrum disorder
No full textBackground Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with repetitive behaviours and often also with hyperactivity, aggression, self-injurious behaviour, irritability and lability of mood. There is emerging evidence that aripiprazole, an antipsychotic with partial agonist dopaminergic effect, may be effective in the treatment of these challenging behaviours. Nevertheless, there is little evidence for their efficacy in adults with ASD. Objectives The aim of this article is to present preliminary data on the use of aripiprazole in the treatment of challenging behaviour in the setting of ASD. Methods We present a consecutive series of five inpatients of normal intelligence with challenging behaviour associated with ASD, diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria, which was resistant to treatment with other medical and behavioural interventions and which was treated with aripiprazole. Results Four out of five patients were classified as "much improved" or "very much improved" according to the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Aripiprazole caused akathisia, at a dose of 30 mg in the one patient who was not classified as a responder but was otherwise well tolerated. Conclusions This is the first case series of adults with ASD presenting with challenging behaviour who have been treated with aripiprazole. While the results are promising, controlled trials are required to confirm the findings
Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions
No full textCraig P, Cooper C, Gunnell D, Haw S, Lawson K, Macintyre S, Ogilvie D, Petticrew M, Reeves B, Sutton M, Thompson
An investigation into the effects of residual water on the glass transition temperature of polylactide microspheres using modulated temperature DSC
No full textThe objective of the study was to ascertain residual water levels in polylactide and polylactide-co-glycolide microspheres prepared using the solvent evaporation technique and to investigate the effects of that water on the glass transitional behaviour of the microspheres. Microspheres were prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) 50:50 and 75:25 using a standard solvent evaporation technique. The glass transition was measured as a function of drying conditions using modulated temperature DSC. The microspheres were found to contain very low levels of dichloromethane, while residual water levels of up to circa 3% w/w were noted after freeze or oven drying, these levels being higher for microspheres containing higher glycolic acid levels. The residual water was found to lower the Tg following the Gordon–Taylor relationship. The data indicate that the microparticles may retain significant water levels following standard preparation and drying protocols and that this drying may markedly lower the Tg of the spheres
I teatri di Craig. Numero speciale della rivista "Biblioteca teatrale".
No full textVari studiosi di E.G. Craig fanno il punto sul grande teorico e regista inglese a cinquant'anni dalla morte, esaminando in particolare la sua concezione di teatro, le sue idee sugli attori italiani, i suoi drammi per burattini e l'amicizia con Danilo Lebrecht (Lorenzo Montano) del cui carteggio inedito viene per la prima volta pubblicato un estratto
Enhanced backscattering of seismic waves from irregular interfaces
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 272-280).by Craig A. Schultz.Ph.D
Antihypertensive agents for preventing diabetic kidney disease
No full textBACKGROUND: Twenty to sixty percent of diabetic patients are affected by hypertension and antihypertensive agents are used to treat this condition. These agents are also used to prevent the onset of kidney disease both in normotensive and hypertensive diabetics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the comparative effects of antihypertensive agents in patients with diabetes and normoalbuminuria. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, conference proceedings, and contact with investigators were used to identify relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any antihypertensive agent with placebo or another agent in hypertensive or normotensive patients with diabetes and no kidney disease (albumin excretion rate < 30 mg/d) were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two investigators independently extracted data on renal outcomes and other patient relevant outcomes (all-cause mortality, serious cardiovascular events), and assessed quality of trials. Analysis was by a random effects model and results expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen trials (7603 patients) were identified, six of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) versus placebo, six of ACEi versus calcium channel blockers (CCBs), one of ACEi versus CCBs or combined ACEi and CCBs and three of ACEi versus other agents. Compared to placebo, ACEi significantly reduced the development of microalbuminuria (six trials, 3840 patients: RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.84) but not doubling of creatinine (three trials, 2683 patients: RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.71) or all-cause mortality (four trials, 3284 patients: RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.03). Compared to CCBs, ACEi significantly reduced progression to microalbuminuria (four trials, 1210 patients: RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.84). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in the risk of developing microalbuminuria in normoalbuminuric patients with diabetes has been demonstrated for ACEi only. It appears that the effect of ACEi is independent of baseline blood pressure, renal function and type of diabetes, but data is too sparse to be confident that these are not important effect modifiers and an individual patient data meta-analysis is required
James M. Beck letter 1923
No full textA letter from Beck to Calvin Coolidge regarding the decision of U.S. Circuit Judge Julius M. Mayer to sentence New York City Controller Charles L. Craig to jailGift of the Elsie O. and Philip D. Sang Foundatio
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