76,271 research outputs found
Frantzösischer Staats-Catechismus : nach Machiavellischen Maximen eingerichtet, Oder Vollständige Anweisung, wie man recht politisch leben könne / von R. und M. verfertiget
No full textAutopsie nach Exemplar der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Leipzig, 1738. Verlegts Jacob Born, Buchhändler auf dem Nicolai Kirchhof
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Predictors of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight among Tanzanian Children Born to HIV-Infected Women.
No full textChildren born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are susceptible to undernutrition, but modifiable risk factors and the time course of the development of undernutrition have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify maternal, socioeconomic and child characteristics that are associated with stunting, wasting and underweight among Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected mothers, followed from 6 weeks of age for 24 months. Maternal and socioeconomic characteristics were recorded during pregnancy, data pertaining to the infant's birth were collected immediately after delivery, morbidity histories and anthropometric measurements were performed monthly. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards methods were used to assess the association between potential predictors and the time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight. A total of 2387 infants (54.0% male) were enrolled and followed for a median duration of 21.2 months. The respective prevalence of prematurity (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) was 15.2% and 7.0%; 11.3% of infants were HIV-positive at 6 weeks. Median time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight was 8.7, 7.2 and 7.0 months, respectively. Low maternal education, few household possessions, low infant birth weight, child HIV infection and male sex were all independent predictors of stunting, wasting and underweight. In addition, preterm infants were more likely to become wasted and underweight, whereas those with a low Apgar score at birth were more likely to become stunted. Interventions to improve maternal education and nutritional status, reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and increase birth weight may lower the risk of undernutrition among children born to HIV-infected women
Infants born late/moderately preterm are at increased risk for a positive autism screen at 2 years of age
No full textObjectives:
To assess the prevalence of positive screens using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) questionnaire and follow-up interview in late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32-36 weeks) infants and term-born controls.
Study design:
Population-based prospective cohort study of 1130 LMPT and 1255 term-born infants. Parents completed the M-CHAT questionnaire at 2-years corrected age. Parents of infants with positive questionnaire screens were followed up with a telephone interview to clarify failed items. The M-CHAT questionnaire was re-scored, and infants were classified as true or false positives. Neurosensory, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes were assessed using parent report.
Results:
Parents of 634 (57%) LMPT and 761 (62%) term-born infants completed the M-CHAT questionnaire. LMPT infants had significantly higher risk of a positive questionnaire screen compared with controls (14.5% vs 9.2%; relative risk [RR] 1.58; 95% CI 1.18, 2.11). After follow-up, significantly more LMPT infants than controls had a true positive screen (2.4% vs 0.5%; RR 4.52; 1.51, 13.56). This remained significant after excluding infants with neurosensory impairments (2.0% vs 0.5%; RR 3.67; 1.19, 11.3).
Conclusions:
LMPT infants are at significantly increased risk for positive autistic screen. An M-CHAT follow-up interview is essential as screening for autism spectrum disorders is especially confounded in preterm populations. Infants with false positive screens are at risk for cognitive and behavioral problems
Born global and born-again global firms: A comparison of internationalization patterns
No full textThis chapter reports the results of research that identifi es and compares two patterns of internationalization that may be found among smaller fi rms: born global fi rms (which internationalize rapidly soon after their founding), and born- again global fi rms (which exist as domestic fi rms for a long time before rapidly internationalizing). Both patterns share the characteristic of rapid and intensive internationalization, but the fi rst type of fi rm enters foreign markets as a new venture, while the latter does so much later in its life cycle.https://catalogue.library.auckland.ac.nz/permalink/f/t37c0t/uoa_alma2115915710000209
Born and Gibson Interview by Pamela Cress - December 11, 2012
No full textTranscript and audio recording of an interview with Don and Jim Born, and Donna M. Gibson, residents of southeast Kansas, and participants in the Southeast Kansas Oral History Project.
Portrait of Don Born, southeast Kansas resident and participant in the Southeast Kansas Oral History Project.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/seks_farm_oral/1000/thumbnail.jp
‘Born to Shop’: Malls, Dream-Worlds and Capitalism
No full textIt has been twenty years since the fall of the Berlin Wall, and a new generation, untouched by the previous communist regimes, has come to adulthood throughout the post-communist world. The Iulius Group’s logo – ‘Born to shop!’ – suggests that these are born shoppers: the capitalist babies of Central and Eastern Europe who are sustaining the largest growth in retail and shopping malls in Europe. With no living memory of shortages, queuing, or government restrictions, they know only the limit of their own – or their parents’ – pocket/credit. Their world could not be more different from the one that their parents and grandparents experienced: both the abundance of goods and services, as well as the opulent settings under which they are now sold, offer striking visual contrasts to the not-so-distant past. In addition, the very experience of consumption is directly connected to the way in which the current social fabric – and new social divisions within it – is interwoven with the physical and architectural changes taking place in the urban setting
Early Risk, Attention, and Brain Activation in Adolescents Born Preterm
No full textThe relations among early cumulative medical risk, cumulative environmental risk, attentional control, and brain activation were assessed in 15 – 16-year-old adolescents who were born preterm. Functional magnetic resonance imaging found frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex activation during an attention task with greater activation of the left superior-temporal and left supramarginal gyri associated with better performance. Individual differences in early cumulative risk are related to patterns of brain activation such that medical risk is related to left parietal cortex activation and environmental risk is related to temporal lobe activation. The findings suggest that early risk is related to less mature patterns of brain activation, including reduced efficiency of processing and responding to stimuli.This is the accepted version of the following article: Carmody, D. P., Bendersky, M., Dunn, S. M., DeMarco, J. K., Hegyi, T., Hiatt, M. and Lewis, M. (2006), Early Risk, Attention, and Brain Activation in Adolescents Born Preterm. Child Development, 77: 384–394, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00877.x/abstract.Peer reviewe
Literarische Denkformen
No full textDer traditionell behauptete Gattungsunterschied von wahrheitsorientierter philosophischer Prosa und fiktionaler Literatur stellt sich nicht zuletzt dann als problematisch heraus, wenn Formen des Denkens und Erkennens aus der Betrachtung herausfallen, die sich keinem der beiden Modelle zuordnen lassen.
Das Konzept der »Literarischen Denkformen« soll dazu dienen, philosophische und literarische Modi des Erkennens gleichermaßen einzufangen. Die Leitfragen der vorliegenden Analysen sind somit, ob und auf welche Weise philosophische Texte auf »dichterische« Mittel angewiesen sind und inwiefern Literatur in Philosophie umschlägt, wenn man sich denkend in sie versenk
Birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers
No full textThis paper provides an overview of the birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers, including recent trends and information on factors associated with birthweight variation.
Summary
Almost 4% of all babies born in 2011 were to Indigenous mothers
In 2011, a total of 11,729 Indigenous mothers gave birth to 11,895 babies according to data from the National Perinatal Data Collection. These babies represented 3.9% of all births in 2011. Nearly all (99%) births to Indigenous mothers in 2011 were live births (rather than stillborn); this is the same proportion as for births to non-Indigenous mothers.
Newborns of Indigenous mothers were twice as likely to be of low birthweight
In 2011 and considering liveborn babies only:
12.6% of babies born to Indigenous mothers were of low birthweight (less than 2,500 grams), 86.0% were of normal birthweight (between 2,500 grams and 4,499 grams) and 1.4% were of high birthweight (4,500 grams or more)
Indigenous mothers were twice as likely as non-Indigenous mothers to have babies of low birthweight (12.6% and 6.0% respectively)
excluding multiple births, 11.2% of singleton babies born to Indigenous mothers were of low birthweight-2.5 times the rate for non-Indigenous mothers (4.6%)
on average, the birthweight of singleton babies of Indigenous mothers (3,215 grams) was 191 grams lower than that of babies born to non-Indigenous mothers (3,406 grams).
Gap in birthweight has narrowed over a decade
Between 2000 and 2011, there was a statistically significant decrease in the low birthweight rate among liveborn singleton babies of Indigenous mothers, with the rate declining by 9% over the period (or by 0.1 low birthweight babies per 100 live births annually).
In contrast, there was no significant change in the corresponding rate for non-Indigenous mothers. As such, there was a statistically significant narrowing of the gap in the rate for Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers between 2000 and 2011.
Decline in rate of pre-term births to Indigenous mothers and smoking during pregnancy
A wide range of factors are associated with birthweight, including pre-term births and maternal smoking during pregnancy. In 2011, 12.5% of liveborn babies of Indigenous mothers were born pre-term, as were 7.5% of babies born to non-Indigenous mothers. Between 2000 and 2011, the rate of pre-term births among liveborn singleton babies of Indigenous mothers declined (by 7%), and the Indigenous to non-Indigenous gap in the pre-term birth rate narrowed significantly.
Half (50%) of all Indigenous mothers who gave birth in 2011 reported smoking during pregnancy, as did 12% of non-Indigenous mothers. Smoking during pregnancy declined between 2005 and 2011, but improvement was greater among non-Indigenous mothers (25% drop) than Indigenous mothers (6% drop).
Indigenous babies
While the focus of this paper is on national data about the birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers, data about Indigenous babies are available for 6 jurisdictions for 2011. Of all liveborn Indigenous babies born in 2011 in the 6 jurisdictions, 11.5% were of low birthweight. National data about Indigenous babies will be available from 2012 onwards
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