115 research outputs found
Crossover behavior in the isothermal susceptibility near the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:math>critical point
No full textWe present high-resolution measurements of the isothermal susceptibility of pure He-3 near the liquid-gas critical point. PVT measurements were performed in the single-phase region over the reduced temperature range 3 x 10(-5) < T/T-c - 1 < 1.5 X 10(-1). The crossover behavior of the susceptibility along the critical isochore was analyzed using a field-theoretical renormalization-group calculation based on the phi (4) model. A similar crossover analysis was performed on previously obtained Xe susceptibility measurements. A comparison of the rescaled susceptibility for He-3 and Xe shows theoretically predicted universal crossover behavior
NCLX is an essential component of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchange.
No full textMitochondrial Ca(2+) efflux is linked to numerous cellular activities and pathophysiological processes. Although it is established that an Na(+)-dependent mechanism mediates mitochondrial Ca(2+) efflux, the molecular identity of this transporter has remained elusive. Here we show that the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger NCLX is enriched in mitochondria, where it is localized to the cristae. Employing Ca(2+) and Na(+) fluorescent imaging, we demonstrate that mitochondrial Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) efflux is enhanced upon overexpression of NCLX, is reduced by silencing of NCLX expression by siRNA, and is fully rescued by the concomitant expression of heterologous NCLX. NCLX-mediated mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport was inhibited, moreover, by CGP-37157 and exhibited Li(+) dependence, both hallmarks of mitochondrial Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) efflux. Finally, NCLX-mediated mitochondrial Ca(2+) exchange is blocked in cells expressing a catalytically inactive NCLX mutant. Taken together, our results converge to the conclusion that NCLX is the long-sought mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger
Ultrasonic Measurements Near the Critical Point of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>
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Overview of Containerless Processing Technologies
No full textABSTRACTIn the near future, a large segment of the scientific community will have an opportunity to perform materials processing experiments on the Space Shuttle in the reduced gravity environment of space. Many of these experiments will require containerless processing techniques that provide manipulation and control of weightless (molten) materials without physical contact with container walls or other holding devices. A variety of containerless processing technologies are now being developed for space and ground-based materials processing facilities. The utilization of air jets or high intensity acoustic, electromagnetic or electrostatic fields can produce forces that support and manipulate materials. Most of the present containerless research is directed toward the development of high temperature systems capable of melting and resolidifying materials. This paper will review the materials processing capabilities and level of developmental progress of each technique. An introduction to available NASA test facilities will also be given.</jats:p
Editorial: Altered Expression of Proteins in Cancer: Function and Potential Therapeutic Targets
No full textCopyright © 2022 Pessoa, Martins, Casimiro, Pérez-Plasencia and Shoshan-Barmatz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.The design of innovative cancer treatments requires extensive characterization of the molecular and cellular alterations associated with tumor development and progression. Cancer cells show extensive alterations in protein expression levels, which are drivers of their malignant transformation. Proteins with altered expression levels in cancer are involved in protein synthesis and degradation, signaling and metabolic pathways, DNA repair, apoptosis, and other cellular processes, whose alterations cause tumor development and progression. Characterizing the mechanisms that lead to alterations in protein levels and their cellular effects is an invaluable tool for repurposing those proteins as drug targets. Examples of up-regulated proteins in cancer include the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). HER2 is up-regulated in several cancer types, including breast, gastroesophageal, and non-small-cell lung cancers, making it an effective drug target. VEGF is up-regulated in pancreatic, prostate, and colorectal cancers, among others. Its inhibition is also an effective anticancer treatment, through a decrease in tumor vascularization.These examples demonstrate the modulation of protein levels as an effective anticancer target, which is becoming widely used in patient treatments. These studies also encourage additional research to uncover and test novel up-/down-regulated proteins as potential new therapeutic targets.This work was financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028147 (VISCERAL), UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020, and LA/P/0058/2020 (to JP), and PTDC/MED-ONC/28636/2017 (to SC); by Programa de Financiamiento para la Investigación, UNAM, PAPIIT-IN231420, México (to CP-P); and by the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel (to VS-B).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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