56 research outputs found
Innovative X-ray fluorescence approaches for the study of plant viroses: the case of flowering ash in the city of Hamburg
No full textIt is ascertained that the world is experiencing climate change. New and sustainable strategies are
therefore needed at a global scale to deal with its effects, such as unprecedented drought and heat
periods. In urban environments, so-called "climate change trees" (CCT) are being introduced for their
expected adaptability to climate change: these are non-native trees, and their suitability for this role must
take into account their susceptibility to diseases in the new hosting environment.
This study focuses on a two years sampling (2019-20) of leaves of flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus L.), recently
planted as CCT in the city of Hamburg (D), many of which (about 20%) showing the typical symptoms of ash
shoestring-associated virus (ASaV), i.e. leaf deformation, shoestrings and spotting.
A combined X-ray fluorescence approach, including laboratory and synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence
(μXRF, SR μXRF) and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (P-EDXRF) was used to investigate and
compare nutrients distribution in leaves of healthy and ASaV infected trees, with the final aim of identifying
the physiological processes causing the observed symptoms and possible element markers for a early
identification of the virus.
μXRF revealed important differences between infected and healthy leaves, the former showing a rather
inhomogeneous element distribution and regions of the lamina with severe depletions of P, S, and Ca.
Differently, K concentration appeared higher in infected samples. SR μXRF allowed appreciating variations
also in some micronutrients distribution: Mn was more intense in the lamina of the infected leaf while Zn
decreased. Besides, the detailed analysis of μXRF spectra revealed that while in healthy leaves Ca is always
more abundant than K, this trend is reversed in ASaV samples. Starting from such evidence, K and Ca
concentration in ̴60 leaf samples was quantified via P-EDXRF, generally confirming the higher K/Ca ratio in
infected leaves. These results are going to be implemented with a third year (2021) sampling.
If the correlation between the ASaV infection and the K and Ca relative abundances will be confirmed, it
could be used, together with visual symptoms appreciation, for indirect pathogen detection by mobile
measuring devices, e.g. P-EDXRF. Moreover, element distribution information obtained through the
presented X-ray based approach could also provide the basis for developing appropriate strategies to
counteract the virus infection
Sektion 1 - Ackerbau I: Phytosanitäre Aspekte in Biogasanlagen
No full text01-1/01-2 - Bandte, M.; Pietsch, M.; Schultheiß, U.; Hofmann, M.; Büttner, C.Ein Verbundprojekt zum phytosanitären Risiko bei der anaeroben Vergärung von pflanzlichen Biomassen in Biogasanlagen A joint project on the phytosanitary risk associated with the anaerobic digestion of plant material in biogas plants01-3 - Heiermann, M.; Plöchl, M.; Plogsties, V.Probeneinschleusung in Labor- und Praxis-Biogasanlagen bei Untersuchungen zum phytosanitären Risiko Insertion of samples into lab-scale and full-scale biogas plants for investigations regarding the phytosanitary risk01-4 - Schleusner, Y.; Goßmann, M.; Bandte, M.; Büttner, C.Inaktivierung von Phytopathogenen während der anaeroben Vergärung in Biogasanlagen anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele Inactivation of plant pathogens during anaerobic digestion based on case studies01-5 - Rodemann, B.; Pottberg, U.; Pietsch, M.Inaktivierung von Getreide- und Maispathogenen in Biogasanlagen Investigation for inactivation of cereal and maize phytopatogenic fungi in biogas plant01-6 - Liebe, S.; Müller, P.; Bandte, M.; Heiermann, M.; Büttner, C.Überlebensfähigkeit von Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus in der anaeroben Vergärung Survival of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus during anaerobic digestion01-7 - Westerman, P. R.; Gerowitt, B.Überlebensrate von Unkrautsamen nach der Vergärung in Versuchs- und kommerziellen Biogasanlagen Weed seed survival after anaerobic digestion in experimental and commercial biogas plants01-8 - Seigner, L.; Friedrich, R.; Kaemmerer, D.; Büttner, P.; Poschenrieder, G.; Hermann, A.Evaluierung des Hygienisierungspotenzials des Biogasprozesses im Hinblick auf ausgewählte phytopathogene Schaderreger Evaluation of the hygienisation potential of biogas fermentation with respect to selected phytopathogen
Sektion 33 – Forst / Urbanes Grün (Vorträge)
No full text33-1 - Metzler, B. Stand des Eschentriebsterbens in Südwestdeutschland33-2 - Heydeck, P.; Dahms, C. Maßnahmen gegen den Kiefern-Wurzelschwamm (Heterobasidion annosum s. str.) in Kiefern-Erstaufforstungen auf Kippenstandorten im Süden Brandenburgs33-3 - Möller, K.; Schulz, P.-M. Der Eichenprozessionsspinner (Th. processionea) als Bestandsschädling in den Wäldern Brandenburgs – Entwicklung, Überwachung, Prognose, Insektizideinsatz33-4 - Klug, M. Ausbreitung, Gefährdungspotential und Bekämpfung des Eichenprozessionsspinners Thaumetopoea processionea (L.) (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) in Nordrhein-Westfalen33-5 - Eisold, A.-M.; Von Bargen, S.; Szegö, A.; Bandte, M.; Büttner, C. Nachweis von dsRNA in Laubgehölzen mit virusverdächtigen Symptomen33-6 - Bandte, M.; Vincenz, J.; Schlatermund, N.; Mielke-Ehret, N.; Mühlbach, H.-P.; Büttner, C. Verbreitungswege des European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARAV)33-7 - Balder, H. Kronenkorrekturen bei Stadtbäumen als Beitrag zur Pflanzengesundheit33-8 - Jäckel, B.; Feilhaber, I.; Driess, R
Forst (Poster)
No full text041 - Arndt, N.; Von Bargen, S.; Jalkanen, R.; Büttner, C. Virusinfektionen in finnischen Laubgehölzen042 - Mielke-Ehret, N.; Thoma, J.; Schlatermund, N.; Mühlbach, H.-P. The pear leaf blister mite Phytoptus pyri (Eriophyidae), a putative vector of European mountain ash ringspot associated virus (EMARAV)043 - Vincenz, J.; Bandte, M.; Mielke-Ehret, N.; Mühlbach, H.-P.; Schliesske, J.; Büttner, C. Untersuchungen zur Übertragung des European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARAV)044 - Bandte, M.; Eisold, A.-M.; Lukacs, N.; Büttner, C. Virologische Untersuchungen an erkrankten Flatter-Ulmen (Ulmus leavis)045 - Münte , M.; Christoph, M.; Heydeck, P. Reduzierung der Spätblühenden Traubenkirsche (Prunus serotina) mit dem Violetten Knorpelschichtpilz (Chondrostereum purpureum)046 - Schumacher, J.; Heydeck, P.; Dahms, C. Zunehmende Gefährdung von Wäldern durch Wärme liebende Pathogene – dargestellt am Beispiel des Kleinpilzes Diplodia pinea (DESM.) KICKX an Kiefer047 - Schumacher, J.; Wulf, A. Neue Erkenntnisse zum Eschentriebsterben048 - Schröder, T.; Wulf, A.; Schumacher, J.; Bräsicke, N. Krankheiten und Schädlinge an der Kirsche (Prunus avium), dem Baum des Jahres 201
Combining micro- and portable-XRF as a tool for fast identification of virus infections in plants: The case study of ASa-Virus in Fraxinus ornus L
No full textPlant viruses can affect micro- and macro-nutrients homeostasis in woody plants, with fluctuation in the concentration of some elements at the leaf level due to the pathogen activity and/or the plant physiological response to the infection.Leaves of Fraxinus ornus L. (flowering ash) were sampled for three consecutive years in the city of Hamburg (Germany), from both trees showing the typical symptoms of the ash shoestring associated virus infection (ASaV+) and healthy trees (ASaV-). Such leaves were analyzed by μ-XRF, using both laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources, and large differences between symptomatic and not symptomatic leaves were observed: ASaV+ samples showed uneven element distribution and regions of the lamina with severe depletions of P, S, and Ca. Differently, K appeared more concentrated. Thus, 139 leaflets sampled from various healthy and infected ash trees over the three-year period were analyzed for K and Ca concentration with a portable XRF instrument. We found that the K:Ca concentration ratio was always significantly higher in ASaV+ samples, and this trend was verified for all the samplings over the tree years. We conclude that the K:Ca ratio parameter has potential in the frame of trendsetting diagnostics and could be used, together with visual symptoms, for a rapid, non-destructive, on-site and cheap indirect ASaV detection
Combined XRF techniques as a valuable tool for the study and early detection of plant viruses
No full textViruses can cause modifications of mineral elements homeostasis in plants, both at the cell and tissue level. Leaves are particularly sensitive to viruses and other biotic stresses, showing increase or decrease of certain elements’ concentrations or uneven distributions. Such phenomena can be ascribed to the pathogen’s activity and/or to the plant physiological response to the pathogen itself.
In this field of research, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques can be very useful analytical tools since they allow both to quantify many important elements in plants’ tissues and map their distribution. In particular, micro-XRF (μXRF), either performed at a synchrotron facility or with laboratory instruments, allows to easily and non-destructively visualize elemental distributions in leaves and identify elements correlations. Such information, together with the visual observation of plant’s symptoms as well as molecular and physiological data, may provide additional clues for the early identification of viruses and study their mode of action.
In this study, leaves of flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) have been sampled for three consecutive years in the city of Hamburg (Germany). Some of the trees showed the typical symptoms of ash shoestring-associated virus (ASaV), i.e. leaf deformation, shoestrings and spotting. Both healthy and ASaV infected (ASaV+, verified by RT-PCR) samples were analyzed by μXRF, using both laboratory and synchrotron (SR) X-ray sources. Important differences between infected and healthy leaves were observed: ASaV+ samples showed inhomogeneous element distribution and regions of the lamina with severe depletions of P, S, and Ca. Differently, K appeared more concentrated. In addition, SR μXRF allowed to assess variations also in distribution of some micronutrients: Mn was more intense in the lamina of the infected leaf while Zn decreased. In healthy samples, Ca was always more abundant than K which, on its turn, was less abundant in ASaV+ samples. Based on this evidence, 139 leaves (healthy n=69; ASaV+ n=70) from various trees and different years were analyzed with a portable XRF (pXRF) instrument, and K and Ca concentrations were quantified. In general, the K/Ca ratio was significantly higher in infected samples than in healthy samples. Such correlation between the ASaV infection and the K/Ca ratio allowed to correctly classify most of the infected samples. Therefore, this parameter could be used, together with visual evaluation of symptoms, for a rapid, non-destructive and cheap indirect pathogen detection. In addition, pXRF could be potentially used directly in the field. These results demonstrate the potential of combined XRF techniques to study plants viruses (or more generally plant pathogens) and develop fast diagnostic methods potentially applicable directly in the field
Sektion 42 – Invasive gebietsfremde Arten / Pflanzengesundheit V (Vorträge)
No full text42-1 - Pietsch, M. Neue Bedingungen für die Erzeugung und Vermarktung von virusfreien Obstpflanzen in der Europäischen Union42-2 - Hüsch, S. Bekämpfung von Kartoffelzystennematoden – Neue rechtliche Anforderungen an die Kartoffelerzeugung42-3 - Ulrich, R.; Preiß, U.; Fabich, S. Potato Stolbur in Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz 42-4 - Schleusner, Y.; Müller, J.; Goßmann, M.; Rodemann, B.; Pietsch, M.; Heiermann, M.; Plöchl, M.; Bandte, M.; Büttner, C. Phytosanitäre Risiken durch die Verwendung von infiziertem Pflanzenmaterial zur Vergärung in Biogasanlagen42-5 - Liebe, S.; Müller, P.; Bandte, M.; Heiermann, M.; Büttner, C. Untersuchungen zur Überlebensfähigkeit von Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus in der anaeroben Vergärung42-6 - Dahle, J. Export von Konsumkartoffeln nach Thailand – Leistungen des deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes auf Bundes- und Länderebene zur Erlangung einer Einfuhrgenehmigung42-7 - Thoms, E.; Drinkall, M.; Buckley, S.; Rübsamen, B. ProFume* (Sulfurylfluorid) zur Bekämpfung des Kiefernsplintholznematoden (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) – Zusammenfassung der Versuchsergebnisse und Statusbericht zur Aufnahme der Behandlungsmethode in den ISPM 15 Standard42-8 - Schröder, T. Phytosanitäre Wirksamkeit einer Holztrocknung gemäß internationalem Standard "Kiln Dried" (K. D) auf Gehölznematoden und Insekte
Viruses in urban trees- studies on distribution of nutrients in leaves of flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus)
No full textIn contrast to the native common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), the flowering ash (F. ornus) is
considered resistant or tolerant to ash dieback caused by the fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus
fraxineus. The flowering ash, originated in Southern Europe, belongs to the so-called "climate
tree species". These are non-native robust trees which are considered to be more tolerant to
hot and dry conditions expected due to climate changes in Germany.
The suitability of climate change trees, which have already been planted in many German
cities, must be evaluated in regard to their susceptibility to diseases in the urban environment.
For this purpose, we are conducting studies within the framework of various research projects
with a particular focus on virus diseases.
A three-year survey (2018-2020) on the occurrence of virus-suspected symptoms on urban
trees in the Hamburg metropolitan region revealed that 12-20% of flowering ash trees (F.
ornus) showed ash shoestring-associated virus (ASaV)-related symptoms. ASaV-infected ash
trees show chloroses as chlorotic line pattern, in some cases additional leaf deformations up
to shoestrings were found.
The virus symptoms suggest disturbances in the physiological processes of the trees.
Therefore, ASaV-infected flowering ash trees were chosen as a model host-pathogen system
in this study to investigate the overall nutrient composition (ionomics) and their respective
distribution of leaves by different X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy-based methods. The
knowledge of the disturbances of the plant's nutrient balance caused directly or indirectly by
a pathogen could be used for indirect pathogen detection by mobile measuring devices;
further, it could also provide the basis for developing an appropriate plant nutrition strategy
to increase tree vitality to counteract the negative influences of virus infection in urban green.
The discrepancy of the nutrient distribution in the leaves of ASaV-infected flowering ash trees
compared to the control are presented and discussed
K and Ca concentrations in leaves correlate with ASaV infection in climate change trees (Fraxinus ornus) of Hamburg
No full textClimate change trees (CCT) can represent a valuable and sustainable strategy for addressing the
effects of climate change, such as prolonged drought and heat. These are mostly non-native trees whit
expected qualities of adaptability used to replace less resilient and susceptible local species.
However, the possibility for CCT of getting infections, including viruses, in the new hosting
environment should be carefully taken into account. Among the ascertained symptoms, viruses can
cause modifications of mineral elements homeostasis in plants, both at the cell and tissue level.
Leaves are particularly sensitive to viruses and other biotic stresses, showing increase or decrease of
certain elements’ concentrations or uneven distributions. Such phenomena can be ascribed to the
pathogen’s activity and/or to the plant physiological response to the pathogen itself.
Flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) has been recently introduced as CCT in the city of Hamburg,
Germany. Unfortunately, many of the trees showed the typical symptoms of ash shoestring-associated
virus (ASaV), i.e. leaf deformation, shoestrings and spotting.
In this study, leaves from both healthy and ASaV infected (ASaV+, verified by RT-PCR) Fraxinus
trees have been sampled for three consecutive years (2019-21) and analyzed with an X-ray
fluorescence (XRF) based approach. In particular, μXRF, using both laboratory and synchrotron (SR)
X-ray sources, was used to visualize elemental distributions in leaves and identify elements
correlations. Compared to healthy samples, ASaV+ leaves showed inhomogeneous distribution and
severe depletions of P, S, and Ca in certain regions of the lamina. K instead appeared more
concentrated.
Furthermore, SR μXRF allowed to appraise variations in some micronutrients distribution: while Mn
increased in the lamina of ASaV+ leaf, Zn decreased. In healthy samples, Ca was more abundant than
K; the latter was conversely more concentrated in ASaV+ samples.
Based on these results, 69 healthy and 70 ASaV+ samples were analyzed with a portable XRF (pXRF)
instrument, and K and Ca concentrations were quantified: the K/Ca ratio was significantly higher in
infected than in healthy samples. It was therefore observed that the K/Ca ratio allowed to correctly
classify most of the infected samples, which implies that this parameter could be used, together with
visual evaluation of symptoms, for a rapid, non-destructive and cheap indirect pathogen detection.
Such approach using pXRF could be applied also to other types of plants and pathogens thus offering
an innovative, fast and in-situ tool for the early detection of plant diseases
Pflanzengesundheit / Invasive gebietsfremde Arten (Poster)
No full text274 - Fakhro, A.; Schwarz, D.; Von Bargen, S.; Bandte, M.; Franken, P.; Büttner, C. Wechselwirkung von Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) und pilzlichen Wurzelendophyten mit der Wirtspflanze Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)274a - Bandte, M.; Müller, P.; Rodemann, B.; Pietsch, M.; Westermann, P.; Gerowitt, B.; Plöchl, M.; Heiermann, M.; Büttner, C. Zum phytosanitären Risiko bei der anaeroben Vergärung von pflanzlichen Biomassen in Biogasanlagen – ein Verbundprojekt275 - Pottberg, U.; Pietsch, M.; Heiermann, M.; Plöchl, M.; Büttner, C.; Rodemann, B. Einfluss der anaeroben Vergärung in Laborbiogasanlagen auf die Inaktivierung von pilzlichen Schadorganismen276 - Zeuner, T.; Kleinhenz, B.; Röhrig, M.; Kuhn, C. Mobile Erfassung für invasive Schaderreger in Rheinland-Pfalz277 - Baufeld, P.; Schrader, G. Die Kirschessigfliege (Drosophila suzukii) – ein neu eingeschleppter, gefährlicher Obstschädling für Europa278 - Schröder, T. Der Japanische Eschenprachtkäfer Agrilus planipennis – Erstauftreten in Europa, Risikobewertung und potenzielle Ausrottungsmaßnhamen280 - Rustom, G.; Abou Tara, R.; Sidawi, A.; Amer, H. Survey of natural enemies of red palm weevil in Syria281 - Schmidt, H.-U. Das Berliner Aktionsprogramm gegen das Beifußblättrige Traubenkraut (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 282 - Moll, U.; Schemmel, H.; Kupfer, S. Unkrautkontrolle der Beifußblättrigen Ambrosie (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen, im Ökoanbau und im Kommunalbereich in einem Gebiet mit hoher Abundanz283 - Waßmuth, B.; Verschwele, A.; Starfinger, U. Bekämpfung der Beifuß-Ambrosie – Ergebnisse aus einem EU-Forschungsprojekt284 - Schwappach, P. Ist die Reblausverordnung noch zeitgemäß?285 - Schmalstieg, H.; Wedell, E.; Gerlach, T. Phytosanitäre Abfertigungen am Flughafen Berlin-Tegel – ein Rückblick286 - Kaminski, K.; Beckers, F.; Unger, J.-G. Internationaler Pflanzenhandel via Internet – Rechtmäßigkeit und Risike
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