1,721,253 research outputs found
A classification of pulmonary nodules by CT scan
Full text linkThis Image Report aims to briefly describe, giving some imaging examples, the radiological definition of the features of lung nodules as commonly used by radiologists. We hope thus to improve communication and mutual understanding between radiologists and clinicians
Typhlitis in a post-chemotherapy lymphoma patient; images in clinical medicine
Full text linkTyphlitis, also known as neutropenic enterocolitis, occurs primarily in severely immunosuppressed patients undergoing chemotherapy for haemathological and solid tumors. We report a case of a 57 years-old patient who presented typhlitis as a complication during chemotherap
Evaluation of the response to therapy of neoplastic lesions
No full textThe introduction of an evaluation standard for the response to therapy of neoplastic lesions is necessary not only for the standardisation of clinical research protocols, but also to allow the objective and transferable management of the oncology patient in routine clinical practice. The international criteria that define how to evaluate a neoplastic disease and to determine its response to treatment were first introduced in the 80s by the WHO and have been recently updated with the new RECIST criteria defined by broad consensus of European and U.S. oncology organisations and published in 2000. The new criteria, especially those related to lesion measurement are substantially different from the previous criteria, they are simpler and easier to use, but present some problems that should be brought to the attention of radiologists who must adjust them with the common sense and balance of judgement resulting from our practice. These problems refer above all to certain types of lesions (such as cystic, bone and nodal metastases), to the method for measuring the maximum diameter, to the use of contrast agents and to the frequency of follow-up examinations, with consequent effects on radioprotection and workloads. In any case, the radiologist who examines a patient with neoplastic lesions and compares the examination results with previous images, should make sure the report does not contain vague language, that the maximum diameters of the lesions are always indicated and that any morphological and/or contrast enhancement changes are described: the report should enable clinicians to make a complete evaluation of the condition and of disease progression, for a global management of the oncology patient
Imaging as a surveillance tool in rectal cancer
No full textDespite advances in diagnosis and treatment, half of patients with treated rectal cancer will die owing to recurrent disease. There is no evidence of benefit on survival from an intensive surveillance program, even if presymptomatic recurrent disease is detected. The aim of this article is to review the results described for the different imaging techniques in diagnosing rectal cancer recurrence in different sites and to discuss their relative clinical impact. The sensitivity of imaging techniques is related to the performance of the machines and the site being examined. Computed tomography is the most used technique owing to its availability, speed, panoramic images and ease of use, while MRI of the pelvis and the liver produces the highest resolution, sensitivity and specificity in these anatomical areas. Owing to its high cost, [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET should be used as a third-level examination, a 'problem-solving' method when the site of recurrence is unknown or to rule out other possible sites of recurrence before a second surgery, and, finally, because it offers the possibility to investigate the whole body. The follow-up must be designed for individual patients, taking into account a number of factors. In the near future, whole-body imaging, probably by MRI, that is free from radiation will become the method of choice for screening for recurrent diseas
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