843 research outputs found
Andrea Cesalpino. An Introduction
No full textIn the Dictionaire historique et critique (1697), Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) included a short entry on Andrea Cesalpino that contains a few notes about his biography and intellectual significance. He wrote that Cesalpino “had been a highly skilled scholar in both philosophy and medicine. He was from Arezzo, and worked for a long period in Pisa, before becoming first physician of Pope Clement VIII. He died in Rome on February 23, 1603, aged 84 years.” Yet, he added something more. Influenced by Samuel Parker’s reading of Cesalpino and by the criticisms made by Nicolaus Taurellus (1547–1606), he wrote that Cesalpino “abandoned the way of ordinary Peripatetic scholars in many aspects and to put it bluntly he was a bad Christian with respect to his opinions. His principles barely differed from those of Spinoza,” while notin that “a modern author counts him among the greatest geniuses that has ever been seen.
La ceramica a Pisa dal Mille al Duecento, tra produzioni locali e importazioni mediterranee
No full textIn the Early Middle Age, pottery was manufactured in the surroundings of Pisa at sites located near castles, parish churches and monasteries. As for the city itself, we have evidence of workshops from the beginning 12th century onwards. The produced artefacts were fired only once,
without any kind of coating, and the simple incised decorations were made before firing. From this moment on, Pisa also start importing ceramics from all over the Mediterranean, clear sign
of an economic and social transformation of the city. These objects, manufactured using technologies
unknown at that time in Italy, were waterproofed by the application of glazed coatings
and enriched with coloured decorations. These features made them original and captivating
enough to create a demand both for domestic use (initially as luxury items) and as relatively cheap architectural decorations for the city churches
Carte, libri, «rumores» nei «Comentarii a Tacito» di Boccalini
No full textSulla scorta della tradizione a stampa dei commentari boccaliniani a Tacito, ma anche degli inediti commentari ai libri XI-XII degli Annales, vengono prese in esame le diverse tipologie di rinvio a fonti scritte e orali, in vista di una definizione della "biblioteca ideale" dell'autore
Tra storia patria, collezionismo e "istruttiva curiosità": la raccolta numismatica e sfragistica di Moisè Supino
No full text
Zecche e monetieri nella Toscana bassomedievale tra passate e recenti ricerche
No full textIl saggio presenta una panoramica degli studi e della letteratura esistente
sulle zecche medievali della Toscana, a partire dalle opere erudite
settecentesche fino ai giorni nostri. In base ai più recenti studi sia di
sintesi, sia dedicati alle singole officine monetarie, il contributo delinea
quindi un quadro generale sul periodo di attività e sulle principali
emissioni di queste zecche tra VII e XV secolo. Seguono le annotazioni
sulle sedi, il regime di conduzione, i monetieri e la divisione del lavoro
relativamente alle zecche toscane bassomedievali. In base a questi dati si
osserva come la prima metà del Trecento sia stato un momento topico,
ovvero il periodo in cui si manifesta con più forza la ‘crisi di crescita’ del
sistema di produzione monetario, almeno in Toscana. Ciò comportò la
nascita delle ultime zecche – tra le quali Massa Marittima –, la revisione
dei sistemi monetari esistenti, una politica protezionistica a favore delle
emissioni della zecca locale e a sfavore delle “cattive monete” prodotte
altrove, la delega della gestione delle attività produttive a privati con
il sistema degli appalti e infine l’ingresso di nuovi elementi sociali tra
i monetieri o gli affittuari-impresariThe paper presents a brief overview of the existing research and
literature on medieval mints of Tuscany starting from the works of
scholarship of the eighteenth century up to the present day. Then, using
the most recent literature, the work provides an up to date overview
on the period during which these mints were in use and their main
output between the seventh and the fifteenth century. Furthermore,
it includes notes on the locations, the operational management, the
moneyers and the division of work in Tuscan mints during the late
medieval period. From this data, one can observe that the first half
of the fourteenth century was a key moment since it was the period
during which, in Tuscany at least, the “growth crisis” of the monetary
production system was most evident. This led to the emergence of the
later mints – including Massa Marittima –, the revision of existing
monetary systems, protectionist policies in favour of local mint output
and against “bad coins” produced elsewhere, the frequent delegation of
the management of productive activities to private individuals through
the outsourcing system, and finally the entry of new social elements
among the moneyers or tenant-entrepreneurs
Le fonti antiche dello stemma di Montopoli e di altri centri del territorio
No full textl contributo vuole illustrare quali siano state le fonti antiche dello stemma di Montopoli in Val d’Arno, con particolare riferimento alle attestazioni medievali e di età moderna, e si articola in due parti. Nella prima si illustra il più antico sigillo del Comune montopolese, la cui matrice medievale è stata di recente rintracciata presso gli Archives Nationales a Parigi. Nella seconda parte sono presentate le raffigurazioni di altri stemmi, in buona parte pubblici, relativi a Montopoli e al suo territorio analizzandone le forme, gli usi e i possibili significati anche a seconda dell’epoca della loro produzione e della fonte nelle quali sono stati rintracciati.The paper illustrates the ancient sources of the coat of arms of Montopoli in Val d’Arno, with particular reference to medieval and modern attestations, and is divided into two parts. The first part illustrates the oldest seal of the Municipality of Montopoli, whose medieval matrix was recently found in the Archives Nationales in Paris. The second part presents the representations of other coats of arms, mostly public, related to Montopoli and its territory: it analyses their forms, uses and possible meanings according to the period of their production and their source
Zecche clandestine e falsari nel Medioevo: dati storici e archeologici sulla Toscana e aree limitrofe
No full textIl contributo si apre con un sintetico excursus sui mutamenti giu-
ridici avvenuti dall’Antichità al Medioevo italiano nei confronti dei
falsari di moneta. Quindi presenta i diversi tipi di falsificazione noti
attraverso le fonti scritte bassomedievali, documentarie e letterarie, per
tracciare un primo panorama del fenomeno in Toscana e nelle zone
più prossime sulla scorta di queste testimonianze, da porre a confronto con i dati materiali presentati nella seconda parte del saggio. Vengono
quindi prese in considerazione le fonti archeologiche e i siti con evi-
denze legate alla produzione di moneta falsa noti in Toscana e nelle aree
limitrofe. I contesti di certa identificazione si trovano in area rurale e
in luoghi di difficile accesso, talvolta collocati ai confini di uno stato,
in castelli o in grotte e ricchi di tracce del processo produttivo, come
avviene anche per altre zecche clandestine italiane ed europee dello
stesso arco cronologico (XII-inizi XVI secolo), alle quali si accenna.
Più spesso vi si falsificavano monete di piccolo taglio, a differenza di
quanto attestato dalle fonti scritte. Il contributo si conclude con alcune
riflessioni metodologiche sulla valutazione degli elementi traccianti
queste attività e sulle loro procedure di studio.The paper opens with a brief overview of the legal measures against
money counterfeiters imposed in the Italian area from Antiquity to the
Middle Ages. It therefore presents the different types of monetary falsi-
fication known through late medieval, documentary and literary written
sources, to draw a preliminary picture of the phenomenon in Tuscany
and in the neighboring areas, to be compared and completed with the
material data presented in the second part of the essay. Archaeological
sources and sites with evidence relating to the production of counter-
feit coins currently known in Tuscany and surrounding areas are then
considered. The identified contexts are located in rural areas and in
places difficult to access, sometimes at the borders of a country, inside
castles or caves and with abundant production waste; these are also the
main characteristics of the other Italian and European illegal mints that
are known for the same period of time (12th
-early 16th century AD).
The smaller denominations were more often counterfeited, showing a
trend difference compared to what is reported by the written sources.
The document closes with some methodological observations on the
elements of tracking these activities and on their study procedures
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