2,442 research outputs found
Conocybe karakensis T. Ullah, sp. nov.
No full textConocybe karakensis T. Ullah & M. Saba sp. nov., (Fig. 2A–E, 3. a–b and 4A–G) MycoBank: MB 843865 Etymology:—‘karakensis’ refers to the locality Karak District where the type specimen was collected. Diagnosis:—The diagnostic features of Conocybe karakensis sp. nov. are; medium size cap, semi-ovate pileus with deep reddish-orange (10R 4/12 #AF3615) to dark reddish-orange (10R 4/10 #A73F27) color; light brown, large sized stipe; thick-walled, light brown, oblong basidiospores; clavate shaped basidia; inhabiting in the tropical area (mixture of sand and loam soil). Type:— PAKISTAN. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province: Karak District (Mianki banda), N71º7ʹ67ʺ E32º9ʹ41ʺ, elev. 340 m, in sandy and loamy soil, 4 March 2017, Tauseef Ullah (KTK-05). Description:—Small to medium size fruiting bodies having no prominent odor. Pileus 5–6 cm broad and 0.2–0.5 cm thick, smooth, semi-ovate, fleshy at the initial stage but later on become collapsed and auto-degraded at maturity, epigeous, no discoloration on touching, lack of fibrillose scale on surface, striate margin, deep reddish orange in color (10R 4/12 #AF3615) at disk while turning dark reddish orange (10R 4/10 #A73F27) toward the margin. Lamellae 2–3 cm broad, dark reddish-orange in color, free, spaced with intercalated lemellulae of one tire. Stipe ranging from 6–8 cm long and 3–5 mm thick, entirely smooth, cylindrical, woody, solid, central, and deep reddish orange to dark radish orange in color. Basidiospores 11.8–15 × 7.2–9.7 μm, elongated, oblong-shaped, smooth and thick-walled having prominent black colour, non-amyloid, apiculus not observed, oil globule absent, light brown in 5% KOH, dark brown in Congo Red while light greenish in lactophenol. Basidia 14.8–25 × 10–13.5 μm, bisterigmatic or tetrasterigmatic bearing two or four spores, sharped sterigmata (2.3–5.4 μm), nearly ellipsoid-obovoid shaped, rounded base, thin-walled, non-amyloid, oil globules absent. Cheilocystidia 22.3–38.5 × 6.4–11.8 μm, clavate shaped, light brown in color. Pleurocystidia 12.2 –23.6 × 8.2–11.4 µm, smooth and thin-walled, slightly depressed at centre, broadly clavate shaped, light brown in KOH, somewhat greenish in lactophenol while dark brown in Congo Red dye and rare in number. Pileipellis material 5.2–20.4 μm, smooth and thick-walled, oblong, sub-spherical to spherical shaped. Hymenophoral trama irregular, composed of thin-walled hyphae ranging from 10.5–22.6 broad. Stipitipellis 18.3–28.3 μm broad, cylindrical, brown in color, regular, septate, unbranched, clamp connection absent. Habit and habitat:—This species was found solitary in a tropical habitat during the spring season (March) on loam soil mixed with sand soil surrounded by Cynodon dectylon (L.) Pers and Treticum aestivum (L.). Distribution:—Only known from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Edibility:—Unknown. Other specimen examined:— PAKISTAN. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province: District Karak, Takht-e-Nasrati, N71º7ʹ67ʺ E32º9ʹ41ʺ elev. 340 m, in wheat field, 9 March 2018, Tauseef Ullah (KTK-06).Published as part of Ullah, Tauseef, Ullah, Khetab, Saba, Malka & Shah, Fahim Hussain, 2023, Conocybe karakensis sp. nov. (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan, pp. 135-148 in Phytotaxa 584 (3) on pages 142-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/764559
Forman Christian College Magazine
No full textEditorial. pp. 1-2; Katju, J. L.-Poetry-A Song. pp. 3; Jain, M. P.-Article-Man and Woman in Hardy's ""Tess"". pp. 4-6; Parmanand, A.-Studentium Amorate. pp. 6-8; Banerji, E. H.-Article-The Past and Present of Co-operation in India. pp. 8-14; An Indian Day. pp. 14-17; Mirza, M. A.-Essay-Boxing-its Science. pp. 17-20; Mumtaz Hassan Ahsan-Article-The Art of Turgenev. pp. 20-25; Patrick, B. N.-Falling in Love. pp. 25-26; Mahesh, P. M.-Article-Banking in India. pp. 26-31; Parmanand, A.-News and Notes. pp. 31-33; Ata Ullah Kalim-Hostel News. pp. 33-34; Ata Ullah Kalim-Irani Shairon ke Dilchasp Waqiat. pp. 35-36; Vernacular Articles. [Hindi] 14 p. [Urdu]. 32 p
Forman Christian College Magazine
No full textAta Ullah Kalim-Editorial. pp. 1-2; A Welcome to Dr. Datta. pp. 3-5; Orbison, J. H.-Essay-Sixty Years Ago. pp. 5-7; Pottery and Poetry. pp. 7-11; Benade, M. M.-Travelogue-To Java and Back. pp. 11-16; Bhandara, G. D.-My Ideal Land. pp. 16-17; Aziz-ur-Rahman-The Money Order. pp. 18-19; Ranjit Singh Narula-Essay-Women as a Liberating Force in the Modern World. pp. 20-21; Prakashanand-Essay-The Tragedy of Modern Education. pp. 21-23; Velte, F. M.-News and Notes. pp. 24-25; Sports. pp. 26-27; Cap and Bells. pp. 28; Harrington, B. C.-How to Study. pp. 29-30; [Hindi]. 4 p.; Punjabi Kiyari [Punjabi]. 8 p.; Khisa-e-Urdu [Urdu]. 12 p.Dr S. K. Datta. before page
An Empirical analysis of Open Source Software Defects data through Software Reliability Growth Models
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the reliability growth of Open Source Software (OSS) using Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM). This study uses defects data of twenty five different releases of five OSS projects. For each release of the selected projects two types of datasets have been created; datasets developed with respect to defect creation date (created date DS) and datasets developed with respect to defect updated date (updated date DS). These defects datasets are modelled by eight SRGMs; Musa Okumoto, Inflection S-Shaped, Goel Okumoto, Delayed S-Shaped, Logistic, Gompertz, Yamada Exponential, and Generalized Goel Model. These models are chosen due to their widespread use in the literature. The SRGMs are fitted to both types of defects datasets of each project and the their fitting and prediction capabilities are analysed in order to study the OSS reliability growth with respect to defects creation and defects updating time because defect analysis can be used as a constructive reliability predictor. Results show that SRGMs fitting capabilities and prediction qualities directly increase when defects creation date is used for developing OSS defect datasets to characterize the reliability growth of OSS. Hence OSS reliability growth can be characterized with SRGM in a better way if the defect creation date is taken instead of defects updating (fixing) date while developing OSS defects datasets in their reliability modellin
Forman Christian College Magazine
No full textLall, A. S.-Editorial. pp. 1-2; Sardari Lal-Poetry-The Christmas Message. pp. 2; Ahuja, A. M.-Article-Sarojini Naidu as a Mystic Poet. pp. 3-6; Mumtaz Hassan-Poetry-Rubaiyat. pp. 6; Ata Ullah Kalim-Article-The Reputation of Khayyam. pp. 6-8; Bhatty, M. S.-Novel Reading. pp. 8-12; The Mirage of Love. pp. 12-14; Singh, H. M.-Essay-"By Love Serve one Another". pp. 14-15; Patrick, B. N.-Awakening. pp. 16; Dhamija, J. D. D.-Poetry-A Broken Heart. pp. 17; Krishan Chander-Reason and Sentiments. pp. 17-19; Surendra Singh-On Loose Trousers. pp. 19-20; On Coming Late to Class. pp. 21-22; Mohd. Yamin Qureshi-A Fanciful Discourse. pp. 22-23; Krishan Chander-News and Notes. pp. 24-25; Hostel News. pp. 26-29; Selected. pp. 29-30; Obituary. pp. 31; [Hindi]. 10 p.; Punjabi Kiyari [Punjabi] 4 p.; Khisa-e-Urdu [Urdu]. 12 p.The Late Pandit Vanshidhar, Shastri, Professor of Sanskrit (1907-1931). before content
Comparative Analysis of Eight Numerical Methods Using Weibull Distribution to Estimate Wind Power Density for Coastal Areas in Pakistan
No full textCurrently, Pakistan is facing severe energy crises and global warming effects. Hence, there is an urgent need to utilize renewable energy generation. In this context, Pakistan possesses massive wind energy potential across the coastal areas. This paper investigates and numerically analyzes coastal areas’ wind power density potential. Eight different state-of-the-art numerical methods, namely an (a) empirical method, (b) graphical method, (c) wasp algorithm, (d) energy pattern method, (e) moment method, (f) maximum likelihood method, (g) energy trend method, and (h) least-squares regression method, were analyzed to calculate Weibull parameters. We computed Weibull shape parameters (WSP) and Weibull scale parameters (WCP) for four regions: Jiwani, Gwadar, Pasni, and Ormara in Pakistan. These Weibull parameters from the above-mentioned numerical methods were analyzed and compared to find an optimal numerical method for the coastal areas of Pakistan. Further, the following statistical indicators were used to compare the efficiency of the above numerical methods: (i) analysis of variance (R2), (ii) chi-square (X2), and (iii) root mean square error (RMSE). The performance validation showed that the energy trend and graphical method provided weak performance for the observed period for four coastal regions of Pakistan. Further, we observed that Ormara is the best and Jiwani is the worst area for wind power generation using comparative analyses for actual and estimated data of wind power density from four regions of Pakistan
Numerical analysis a guide to improve the efficiency of experimentally designed solar cell
No full text[EN] In this paper a numerical modelling guide is proposed about how to improve the efficiency of experimentally designed solar cells with the aid of numerical analysis. To validate the study presented in this paper, we first reproduce the results for experimentally designed solar cell in SCAPS with solar cell structure p-SnS/n-CdS having a conversion efficiency of 1.5%. After this device performance was optimized in solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) by changing absorber layer thickness, buffer layer thickness, minority carrier lifetime, absorber acceptor doping concentration, buffer donor doping concentration and adding window layer. After optimization of physical device parameters and structure the new solar cell structure p-SnS/n-CdS/n-ZnO achieves power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.01% in SCAPS.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (ENE2016-77798-C4-2-R) and Generalitat valenciana (Prometeus 2014/044).Baig, F.; Khattak, YH.; Ullah, S.; Marí, B.; Ullah, H. (2018). Numerical analysis a guide to improve the efficiency of experimentally designed solar cell. Applied Physics A. 124(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1877-xS1247M.A. Green et al., Solar cell efficiency tables (version 50). Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 25(7), 668–676 (2017)L. Vinet, A. Zhedanov, A ‘missing’ family of classical orthogonal polynomials. Science (80-.), 348(6240), 1234–1237 (2010)J. You et al., Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11(1), 75–81 (2016)C. Yan et al., Beyond 11% efficient sulfide kesterite Cu2ZnxCd1−xSnS4 solar cell: effects of cadmium alloying. ACS Energy Lett. 2(4), 930–936 (2017)T. Minemoto, S. Harada, H. Takakura, SnS thin film solar cells with Zn1−xMgxO buffer layers. Curr. Appl. Phys. 12(1), 171–173 (2012)H. Fu, Environment-friendly and earth-abundant colloidal chalcogenide nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications. J. Mater. Chem. C. 6(3), 414–445 (2017)A. Zakutayev, V. Stevanovic, S. Lany, Non-equilibrium alloying controls optoelectronic properties in Cu2O thin films for photovoltaic absorber applications. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(12), 123903 (Mar. 2015)M. Mousavi-Kamazani, Z. Zarghami, M. Salavati-Niasari, Facile and novel chemical synthesis, characterization, and formation mechanism of copper sulfide (Cu2S, Cu2S/CuS, CuS) nanostructures for increasing the efficiency of solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 120(4), 2096–2108 (2016)V.R. Minnam Reddy, S. Gedi, C. Park, M. R.w, and R.R. Ramakrishna, Development of sulphurized SnS thin film solar cells. Curr. Appl. Phys. 15(5), 588–598 (2015)J.A. Andrade-Arvizu, M. Courel-Piedrahita, O. Vigil-Galán, SnS-based thin film solar cells: perspectives over the last 25 years. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(7), 4541–4556 (2015)P. Sinsermsuksakul et al., Overcoming efficiency limitations of SnS-based solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 4(15), 1–7 (2014)W. Albers, C. Haas, F. Van Der Maesen, The preparation and the optical properties of electrical and SnS crystals. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 15(3–4), 306–310 (1960)M.M. Nassary, Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, Hall effect and thermoelectric power of SnS single crystals. J. Alloy. Compd. 398(1–2), 21–25 (2005)P.K. Nair, A.R. Garcia-Angelmo, M.T.S. Nair, Cubic and orthorhombic SnS thin-film absorbers for tin sulfide solar cells. Phys. Status Solidi Appl. Mater. Sci. 213(1), 170–177 (2016)A. Niemegeers, M. Burgelman, Modelling of AC-characteristics solar cells. In 1996 22nd IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference, pp. 901–904, April 1996M. Burgelman, P. Nollet, S. Degrave, Modelling polycrystalline semiconductor solar cells. Thin Solid Films 361, 527–532 (2000)Y.H. Khattak, F. Baig, S. Ullah, B. Marí, S. Beg, H. Ullah, Numerical modeling baseline for high efficiency (Cu2FeSnS4) CFTS based thin film kesterite solar cell. Optik (Stuttg) 164, 547–555 (2018)Y.H. Khattak, F. Baig, S. Ullah, B. Marí, S. Beg, H. Ullah, Enhancement of the conversion efficiency of thin film kesterite solar cell. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 10(3), 33501 (2018)H. Ullah, B. Marí, Numerical analysis of SnS based polycrystalline solar cells. Superlattices Microstruct. 72, 148–155 (2014)S. Lin et al., Numerical analysis of SnS homojunction solar cell. Superlattices Microstruct. 91, 375–382 (2016)J. Xu, Y. Yang, Study on the performances of SnS heterojunctions by numerical analysis. Energy Convers. Manag. 78, 260–265 (2014)F. Baig, H. Ullah, Y.H. Khattak, B. Mari Soucase, Numerical analysis of SnS photovoltaic cells. In: Proceedings of 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference IRSEC 2016, pp. 596–600, 2017R. Chakraborty, V. Steinmann, N.M. Mangan, R.E. Brandt, J.R. Poindexter, R. Jaramillo, J.P. Mailoa, K. Hartman, A. Polizzotti, C. Yang, R.G. Gordon, T. Buonassisi, Non-monotonic effect of growth temperature on carrier collection in SnS solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 203901 (2015)K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, P.A. Nwofe, R.W. Miles, Determination of the minority carrier diffusion length of SnS using electro-optical measurements. Electron. Mater. Lett. 9(3), 363–366 (2013)T.H. Sajeesh, N. Poornima, C. Sudha Kartha, K.P. Vijayakumar, Unveiling the defect levels in SnS thin films for photovoltaic applications using photoluminescence technique. Phys. Status Solidi Appl. Mater. Sci. 207(8), 1934–1939 (2010)P.A. Nwofe, R.W. Miles, K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, Effects of sulphur and air annealing on the properties of thermally evaporated SnS layers for application in thin film solar cell devices. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy. 5, 011204 (2013)K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, N. Koteswara, R.W. Reddy, Miles, Photovoltaic properties of SnS based solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90(18–19), 3041–3046 (2006)A. Polizzotti et al., Improving the carrier lifetime of tin sulfide via prediction and mitigation of harmful point defects. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8(15), 3661–3667 (2017)Y.H. Khattak et al., Effect of CZTSe BSF and minority carrier life time on the effeciency enhancement of CZTS kesterite solar cell. Curr. Appl. Phys. 18(6), 633–641 (2018)A.R. Garcia-Angelmo, R. Romano-Trujillo, J. Campos-Álvarez, O. Gomez-Daza, M.T.S. Nair, P.K. Nair, Thin film solar cell of SnS absorber with cubic crystalline structure. Phys. Status Solidi Appl. Mater. Sci. 212(10), 2332–2340 (2015
Synthesis of CZTS kesterite by pH adjustment in order to improve the performance of CZTS thin film for photovoltaic applications
No full text[EN] Quaternary CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) kesterite thin layers were successfully made by electrochemical deposition method. CZTS thin layers were deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) from an aqueous solution. In this work, the effects of pH adjustment under ambient conditions of CZTS thin films were studied. The as grown samples were investigated by numerous existing characterization systems. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) proves the polycrystalline description of the layer. The average crystallite size is varying from 10 nm to 24 nm of the films is dependent on the pH of the solution. All the thin films are in the CZTS kesterite phase attributed to A(1) mode at 334 cm(-1) verified by Raman spectroscopy. The SEM and AFM study show that the pH variation of the so-lution improved the surface morphology and topography of the CZTS thin films which increase several nm in grain size. Moreover, the optical analysis indicates a suitable band gap in the range of 1.5-1.8 eV depending upon the sulfurization temperature. It is found that the pH variation affects both the stability and the performance of the high-quality CZTS absorber layer applications. The CZTS layer with 4.80 pH was annealed at 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C, and at these temperatures the band gap was varied. At the end the band gap variations effect on the performance of CZTS based solar cell is being analyzed by using a simulation tool SCAPS-1D.Author Sha fi Ullah acknowledged the post -doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, postdoctoral contract (PAID-10-20), and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant Number PID2019-107137RB-C21) , Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Spain. Author Amal Bouich acknowledged the Post -doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, Postdoctoral contract the Margarita Salas fi nanced with union European Next Generation EU. This research has been funded by Grant PID2019-107137RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe". The author Muhammad Aamir Sha fi acknowledge the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) , for grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2020/10744 PIN: IRSIP 45 Engg 17.Aamir Shafi, M.; Khan, L.; Ullah, S.; Bouich, A.; Ullah, H.; Mari, B. (2022). Synthesis of CZTS kesterite by pH adjustment in order to improve the performance of CZTS thin film for photovoltaic applications. Superlattices and Microstructures. 164:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2022.107185S11016
Novel compositional engineering for ~26% efficient CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell
No full text[EN] The production and commercialization of solar cells should meet such social criteria as price affordability, environment friendly, stability, and high efficiency of established materials.Various solar cells have been suggested and investigated in the past; but in this work, CZTS-Pemvskite tandem solar cell having a model "CZTS/PSC/CZTS/ZnO/FTO" was taken from the reported work as a reference. Furthermore, inserting the CdS as a buffer layer with the new model, "CZTS/ PSC/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/FTO" was simulated with SCAPS-1D software. Moreover, it was observed that the effect of CdS enhanced the tandem device efficiency from the base case of 22.57% without the CdS buffer layer to 25.95% with CdS and carried out further optimizations. This improvement is beneficial for CZTS-Perovskite tandem solar cells. The J-V characteristics curve and energy band diagram was generated using this model. Later on, with this new model, the effect of the thickness of CZTS layer on the solar cell's performance was investigated. So, the thickness also significantly affected the characteristic parameters of the solar cell as well as the J-V characteristics curve. Hence, a photo-conversion efficiency of 25.95% with Voc 1.18 V, Jsc 24.79 mA/cm(2) and FF 88.36%, the obtained results demonstrating that the proposed CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell may concrete the way for the production of low-cost and more efficient photovoltaic applications.The work was supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) under grant No: 1-8/HEC/HRD/2020/10744 PIN: IRSIP 45 Engg 17. Author Amal Bouich acknowledged the Post-doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, Postdoctoral contract the Margarita Salas financed with union European Next Generation EU. Author Shafi Ullah acknowledged the post-doctoral contract supported by the, RRHH, postdoctoral contract (PAID-10-20) , and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant Number PID2019-107137RB-C21) , Universitat Politecnica de Vale`ncia (UPV) Spain.Aamir Shafi, M.; Khan, L.; Ullah, S.; Shafi, MY.; Bouich, A.; Ullah, H.; Marí, B. (2022). Novel compositional engineering for ~26% efficient CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. 253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.168568S25
Mechanistic insights of hepatoprotective effects of curcumin: Therapeutic updates and future prospects
No full textThe liver is the most essential organ of the body performing vital functions. Hepatic disorders affect the physiological and biochemical functions of the body. These disorders include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Drugs related hepatotoxicity is one of the major challenges facing by clinicians as it is a leading cause of liver failure. During post-marketing surveillance studies, detection and reporting of drug-induced hepatotoxicity may lead to drug withdrawal or warnings. Several mechanisms are involved in hepatotoxicity such as cell membrane disruption, initiating an immune response, alteration of cellular pathways of drug metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and cell death. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric and exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and various types of cancers. Curcumin is strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and thus it possesses hepatoprotective properties. Despite its low bioavailability, its hepatoprotective effects have been studied in various protocols of hepatotoxicity including acetaminophen, alcohol, lindane, carbon tetrachloride (CCL 4 ), diethylnitrosamine and heavy metals induced hepatotoxicities. This report reviews the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin with a focus on its mechanistic insights in various hepatotoxic protocols
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