78 research outputs found
Improving cervical cancer continuum of care towards elimination in Ethiopia: a scoping review
No full textBackground
Cervical cancer is the second-leading cause of death among all cancers in Ethiopia. Ethiopia plans to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030, following the World Health Organization's call for action. A scoping review was conducted on the status of the cervical cancer continuum towards elimination in Ethiopia.
Methods
We searched articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All studies conducted on cervical cancer in Ethiopia, from first date of publication to March 15, 2023, type of article, or language of publication, were included. However, conference abstracts, commentaries, and letters to the editors were excluded. We used EndNote X9 software to merge articles from different databases and automatically remove duplicates. Screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts was performed independently by two co-authors. The cancer care continuum was employed as a framework to guide data synthesis and present the findings.
Results
Of the 569 retrieved articles, 159 were included in the review. They found that most of the articles focused on knowledge, attitude, and practice. However, there were few studies on health-seeking behavior, perception and acceptability of cervical cancer services, as well as the availability and readiness of a screening program. The review identified inadequate knowledge, attitude, and perception about cervical cancer, and highlighted that screening for cervical cancer is not widely utilized in Ethiopia. Knowledge, attitude, education status, and income were repeatedly reported as precursors influencing cervical cancer screening. Most studies concluded that there is a high prevalence of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, as well as high mortality rates or short survival times. The review also identified significant heterogeneity in findings across time and geographic settings within each component of the cancer care continuum.
Conclusions
Overall, there is inadequate knowledge, perception, health-seeking behavior, screening, and treatment services, indicating that the country is falling behind its targets in eliminating cervical cancer, despite the availability of effective interventions and tools. We argue that implementation research is necessary to identify implementation issues, challenges, and strategies to scale up both primary and secondary prevention services. By doing so, Ethiopia can address cervical cancer as a public health problem and work towards its elimination.No Full Tex
Breeding and breeding strategy of dairy farms under urban and peri-urban production systems in Ethiopia
No full textAssessment of the factors affecting farmers' choice of the production system in urban and peri urban dairy production system in Addis Ababa milk shed
No full textIn this study available genetic resources and breeding systems used by dairy farmers in urban and peri-urban dairy production systems in, Addis Ababa milk shed were assessed. Results of the study indicated that: about 57%, 31 % and 10% of secondary town, peri urban and intra-urban farmers like to have crossbred, pure temperate and high grade animals for dairy production respectively. Among pure temperate breeds about 77% of the farmers like to have Friesian breed. The choice of breeds was mostly determined by milk yield potential, (56%) followed by feed consumption combined with milk yield (17%). The remaining few farmers combine milk yield, quality and disease resistance. The types of mating, system in all production systems are both AI and NS. About 19%, 50% and 45% of intraurban, peri-urban and , secondary town, farmers, combine AI and NS respectively. AI alone is used by, 25%, 50% and 12% of secondary town peri-urban and intra-urban farmers, respectively. 69% of intra-urban, and 30% pf secondary town farmers use natural mating alone. The choices of mating types in most cases are determined by increased milk yield, availability of service and reproductive efficiency. Most of Intra-urban (67%) and secondary town (80%) used crossbreed sire for natural mating, while pure temperate sire is used by more of peri-urban (50%) and some of intra-urban and secondary town farmers. Few farmers use, grade sire for NS. From these farmers that use Al about 50% of intra-urban and secondary, town farmers need to have back-up bulls while using Al. The majority of intra-urban (60%) and few of secondary town (17%) farmers preferred semen from bulls selected at Kaliti. However, all of peri-urban and 40% of intra-urban farmers preferred imported semen and or semen from imported bulls. More than 50% of secondary town farmers have not shown any preference toward. the sources of semen. Most of infra urban farmers (> 75%) select good bull for milk production and reproductive efficiency based on previous offspring's performance. More than 50% of secondary town farmers combine offspring dam's and sister's performance to select bull. About 94% of intra-urban, 68% of secondary town and 50% of peri-urban farmers used dairy farm to get cash income from sale of milk. Few farmers keep dairy animals to get income and utilise resources and / or labor
Healthcare waste generation and its management system: the case of health centers in West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Healthcare service providers generally aim at controlling and preventing diseases such as communicable ones. However, in the course of activities, the generation of hazardous and non hazardous waste is a concern of an environmental risk to health care workers, the public and the environment at large.Objective: To assess healthcare waste type, generation rate, and its management system in health centers in West Gojjam Zone.Methods: Cross-sectional study was employed to estimate waste generation rate and evaluate its management system in ten public health centers from March 2007 to April 2007. Observational checklist, key informant interview guide and weighing scale were data collection tools that were used to characterize waste generation. Weighing of healthcare waste was done for eight consecutive days in each health center. Data were entered and analyzed using EPI Info version 6.04d and SPSS version 13.0.Results: The daily mean ( ± SD) healthcare waste-generation rate was 1.79 ± 0.54 kg, which was equivalent to 0.035 ± 0.05 kg/outpatient/day. About 0.93 ± 0.3 kg/day (52.0%) was general and 0.86 ± 0.33 kg/day (48.0%) was hazardous waste. The mean healthcare waste generation rate among health centers did not significantly vary. Segregation of wastes and pre treatment of infectious wastes were not properly practiced by any of the health centers. Only four out of ten health centers used local type of incinerators, while others used open burning for the final handling of healthcare wastes. Biological wastes such as placenta were generally disposed and buried in nonwatertight disposal pits. Operational guidelines were not found in all assessed health centers. Nine out 70 (13%) interviewed healthcare workers had needle injuries during the last 12 months prior this study. Conclusion: The unit generation rate was relatively small in magnitude when compared with similar health facilities that are found in developing countries. The indiscriminate handling and disposal of biological wastes is a concern. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2010;24(2):119-126
"The distributions of heartwater and Amblyomma ticks in Zimbabwe"
No full textRecently, the applications of early warning programs in Africa have received support from international organizations. The Famine Early Warning System and the Crisis Mitigation Project of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is specifically targeted to address the plight of pastoralists in the Greater Horn of Africa. The program is designed to focus attention on problems of monitoring emerging famine situations and gaining a better understanding of the famine. Developing multi-scale early warning systems is the primary objective of this regional program. This paper looks into the Regional Livestock Early Warning System Project, and discusses the contribution and role of Ethiopia
The influence of Season and Location on Body Condition Score and Weight of Oxen in Ginchi Watershed, Central Ethiopia
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the influence of season on body condition score and weight
of oxen at Ginchi watershed in West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, central Ethiopia. A
purposive sampling technique was used to select the oxen in the study area. Data were collected and
analyzed using descriptive statistics. The overall average body weight (BW) of oxen in the watershed at
the end of March, end of May and end of September was 272.2±2.1, 264.2±1.9 and268±2.3 kg,
respectively. The average body condition score (BCS) of oxen in the watershed were 5.6 points (M+) at
the end of March, 5.3 points (M) at the end of May and 5.4 points (M) at the end of September. There was
a decline and rise in average BW and BCS between different seasons of measurements. For the
watershed, average BW at the end of March was significantly higher than end of May (p<0.01). There
was a significant difference between BCS at the end of March and end of May (P<0.05). In land type A,
BW of oxen were significantly (P<0.05) better in March than September and May. At land type B, average
BW was highest for March (P<0.05) and lowest for May, September average BW being intermediate.
Body condition score at watershed level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in March. At land type A, BCS
of oxen were significantly (P < 0.01) better in March compared to May and September. In land type C,
oxen had significantly higher average BCS at the end of March (P<0.05) than May and was significantly
(p < 0.05) better in September compared to May. It can be concluded that, it is difficult to make any
meaningful correlations between the feed availability and oxen BCS and BW since the magnitude of the
impact of traction on the BCS and BW and the household feed allowance was not certainly known
Skills & gaps : a capacity needs assessment of dairy chains in the Addis Abeba milk-shed
No full textClinically manifested major health problems of crossbred dairy herds in Urban and Periurban production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia
No full textThe major clinical diseases of crossbred dairy herds were investigated for two years in a milk shed in Addis Ababa. Animals in 38 herds were randomly selected and visited weekly. Diagnosis of diseases and causes of death were based on clinical observation. Disease conditions were categorized into 8 groups, the mean annual incidence for all diseases being 44.7 percent. Reproductive diseases and clinical mastitis were most frequently observed, whereas gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory tract diseases, locomotor disorders and metabolic diseases each occurred in less than 5 percent of the cattle. Specific infectious and miscellaneous disease conditions each had annual incidence of about 6 percent. Cows and young stock were most affected and diseases were more frequent in urban situations than in periurban situations. Herd size and season significantly influenced the incidence of disease but study year did not. The crude mortality rate was 4.2 percent
Livestock production systems in relation with feed availability in the highlands and Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
No full textMajor health problems of dairy cattle in market-oriented urban and peri-urban production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia
No full textProspective longitudinal study of major diseases of dairy cattle in Addis Ababa milk shed was conducted for a period of two years. A total of 33 dairy herds with an average of 906 animals were sampled and represented the intra-urban (IU), intra-urban in secondary towns(IUST) and the peri urban (PL9 production sub-systems. Farms were visited weekly and clinical examination was performed on the health status of individual animals. Diagnosis of diseases and causes of death was based on clinical observation. Disease conditions were categorized into eight groups. The annual prevalence rates for all disease conditions were 43.6% and 44.7% for the first and second years, respectively. Both clinical mastitis and reproductive diseases had above 10% whereas astrointestinal disorders, respiratory tract diseases, locomotor disorders and metabolic diseases each had below 5% annual average prevalence rates. The groups of diseases under specific infectious and miscellaneous diseases categories each had an average annual prevalence rate of about 6% . Biological factors considered in terms of age and sex combination influenced diseases occurrence and the youngstock of age less than 12 months had higher prevalence of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases (about 12 % each). The overall disease occurrence was 46.8%, 48.5%, and 33.6% for IQ, IUST and PU sub-systems, respectively. There was an apparently high disease occurrence in the urban settings. The effect of herd size on disease frequencies should that occurrence was relatively lower in farms with larger sizes herd (33%). Reproductive diseases (17.50%) and respiratory tract diseases (9.4%) occurred more frequently in small size herds. Clinical mastitis (10.9%), reproductive diseases (10.5%) and gastrointestinal disorders (9.6%) were more prevalent in herds with medium size. Similarly, the overall prevalence rate of diseases was highest during dry season of the year (20.8%) than during the short rainy (13.1 %) and long rainy (10.7%) seasons. The overall annual mortality rate was 42 per 1000 animals. Gastrointestinal diseases, specific infectious diseases and reproductive tract diseases ranked as the first three top important diseases which caused mortality. In conclusion, prior to launching interventions against the prevailing health problems in the dairy production systems under investigation, further studies on the economic impacts of the major diseases including the subclinical cases is suggested
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