5,764 research outputs found
Lack of semantic parafoveal preview benefit in reading revisited
No full textIn contrast to earlier research, evidence for semantic preview benefit in reading has been reported by Hohenstein and Kliegl (Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 166–190, 2013) in an alphabetic writing system; they also implied that prior demonstrations of lack of a semantic preview benefit needed to be reexamined. In the present article, we report a rather direct replication of an experiment reported by Rayner, Balota, and Pollatsek (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986). Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, subjects read sentences that contained a target word (razor), but different preview words were initially presented in the sentence. The preview was identical to the target word (i.e., razor), semantically related to the target word (i.e., blade), semantically unrelated to the target word (i.e., sweet), or a visually similar nonword (i.e., razar). When the reader’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary location just to the left of the target word location, the preview changed to the target word. Like Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), we found that fixations on the target word were significantly shorter in the identical condition than in the unrelated condition, which did not differ from the semantically related condition; when an orthographically similar preview had been initially present in the sentence, fixations were shorter than when a semantically unrelated preview had been present. Thus, the present experiment replicates the earlier data reported by Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), indicating evidence for an orthographic preview benefit but a lack of semantic preview benefit in reading English
J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again
No full textEslami M. J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 9, n°34, 1968. p. 498
J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again
No full textEslami M. J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 9, n°34, 1968. p. 498
Rayner, V M (Vivien May), [No Service Number]
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/412464Surname: RAYNER. Given Name(s) or Initials: V M (VIVIEN MAY). Military Service Number or Last Known Location: [No Registration Number]. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 14878.229174
Item: [2016.0049.44726] "Rayner, V M (Vivien May), [No Service Number]
The effects of childhood sexual abuse on adult male attachments in close relationships
No full textOver the past two decades society has become more aware of the prevalence and impact
of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). While society has become more aware of this problem, there
is still much that remains unknown. This is evident especially in regard to the effects of CSA on
adult males. There are several reasons for this; one such reason is that males who come to
therapy are rarely asked about sexual abuse histories. However, the effects of CSA are often
quite severe for males. One area particularly affected is adult close relationships. Attachment
theory offers a way to conceptualize how people interact in close relationships. In this study, the
influence of CSA on adult male relationships was examined. Seven hypotheses examined were
that males who were abused by a male, males who were abused for a longer period of time,
males who were abused at an earlier age, males who perceived little support from their family
with regards to the abuse, males who were abused by a family member, males who were abused
more frequently, and males who were abuse more severely would be more likely to have an
insecure attachment than other males. These CSA characteristics were measured by the
Childhood Sexual Experiences Questionnaire and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ).
Although limitations to this study make it difficult to reject the null hypothesis and to make
statements that these results reflect the population, findings generally confirm the stated
hypotheses
The Southern Cross [music] : ballad /
No full text5th ed. Cover title.; For voice and piano.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an5600836; MUS: N, - ; A, M 74318
Global analysis of night marine air temperature and its uncertainty since 1880: the HadNMAT2 Dataset
No full textAn updated version of the Met Office Hadley Centre’s monthly night marine air temperature dataset is presented. It is available on a 5? latitude-longitude grid from 1880 as anomalies relative to 1961-1990 calendar-monthly climatological average night marine air temperature (NMAT). Adjustments are made for changes in observation height; these depend on estimates of the stability of the near surface atmospheric boundary layer. In previous versions of the dataset, ad hoc adjustments were also made for three periods and regions where poor observational practice was prevalent. These adjustments are re-examined. Estimates of uncertainty are calculated for every grid box and result from: measurement errors; uncertainty in adjustments applied to the observations; uncertainty in the measurement height and under-sampling. The new dataset is a clear improvement over previous versions in terms of coverage because of the recent digitization of historical observations from ships' logbooks. However, the periods prior to about 1890 and around World War 2 remain particularly uncertain and sampling is still sparse in some regions in other periods. A further improvement is the availability of uncertainty estimates for every grid box and every month. Previous versions required adjustments that were dependent on contemporary measurements of sea surface temperature (SST); to avoid these, the new dataset starts in 1880 rather than 1856. Overall agreement with variations of SST is better for the updated dataset than for previous versions, maintaining existing estimates of global warming and increasing confidence in the global record of temperature variability and change
The effect of high- and low-frequency previews and sentential fit on word skipping during reading
No full textIn a previous gaze-contingent boundary experiment, Angele and Rayner (2013) found that readers are likely to skip a word that appears to be the definite article the even when syntactic constraints do not allow for articles to occur in that position. In the present study, we investigated whether the word frequency of the preview of a 3-letter target word influences a reader’s decision to fixate or skip that word. We found that the word frequency rather than the felicitousness (syntactic fit) of the preview affected how often the upcoming word was skipped. These results indicate that visual information about the upcoming word trumps information from the sentence context when it comes to making a skipping decision. Skipping parafoveal instances of the therefore may simply be an extreme case of skipping high-frequency words
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes - a new perspective on the optimal management of postprandial glycemia
No full textAbstract not availableS. Perano, C.K. Rayner, J. Couper, J. Martin, M. Horowit
Verdazyl radicals as mediators in living radical polymerisation and dopamine end-functionalised polymers for application as friction modifiers
No full textVerdazyl Radicals as Mediators in Living Radical Polymerisation:
The aim of this work was to investigate verdazyl radicals as an alternative to
nitroxides as mediators in stable free radical polymerisation. Verdazyl radicals and
their unimolecular initiators were synthesised and utilised in the polymerisation of
styrene and n-butyl acrylate. Varying degrees of success was observed in the
polymerisations depending on the structure of the verdazyl radical. The
polymerisation of methyl methacrylate and the copolymerisation of styrene and
methyl methacrylate were also investigated. Correlations between observed
molecular weight and theoretical molecular weight were poor but may be improved
by optimisation of the reaction conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance was
used to elucidate the radical structure as well as to confirm the living nature of the
polymerisation technique. Electron paramagnetic resonance was also utilised to
provide an insight into radical stability and reactivity in the various reactions
undertaken.
Dopamine End-Functionalised Polymers for Application as Friction
Modifiers:
The aim of this work was to synthesise oil soluble dopamine end-functionalised
polymers for mechanical testing to determine if the polymers can reduce friction by
film formation at a surface. A dopamine based initiator was synthesised and used in Cu(I) and Cu(0) mediated polymerisations with little success and the dopamine
catecholic end-group could not be identified as the polymer end-group. To enable a
successful living polymerisation, the catechol groups on dopamine required
protection. Complete deprotection of the catechol group can be achieved post
polymerisation. The polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate was achieved using a
polymerisation method designed for the long chain, non-polar molecule which
utilised Cu(I)Cl. The polymerisations were scaled up to obtain a baseline, protected
dopamine and deprotected dopamine polymers for mechanical testing. A reduction
in friction and wear observed for the deprotected dopamine polymer, however,
corrosion was also observed and may have affected the results
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