2,553 research outputs found
Hierodula Burmeister 1838
No full textHierodula Burmeister, 1838 An extremely diverse and wide-ranging genus in desperate need of thorough taxonomic revision (Schwarz & Konopik 2014; Vermeersch 2020). Seven species have been recorded from Australian territories, of which four are known to definitely occur: H. majuscula (Tindale, 1923) (Queensland), H. patellifera (Audinet-Serville, 1838) (Christmas Island), H. pustulifera (Wood-Mason, 1878) (Queensland), and H. werneri (Giglio-Tos, 1912) (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland). In addition, at least one further undescribed or previously unrecorded species is known from Cape York Peninsula and possibly northern Western Australia (E. Beaver pers. comm., M. Connors unpublished data).Published as part of Connors, Matthew G., 2023, Studies in Australian Mantodea: New synonyms, notes on distributions, and an updated checklist, pp. 477-499 in Zootaxa 5239 (4) on page 482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/763515
Ima corymbia Connors & Yeeles & Lach & Rentz 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Ima corymbia</i> Connors, sp. nov. <p>Figures 6–9, 14, 15F–G</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male. Label 1. “Canns Camp Creek, White Mountains National Park, Queensland 20.642 S, 145.166 E 1 April 2023, 8:00 PM On <i>Corymbia leichhardti</i> trunk M.G. Connors, R. Asai, & G. Kruger-Ilingworth Collected as nymph, matured 10 May 2023 ”. Holotype in Queensland Museum, Brisbane, registration number T259469.</p> <p> Allotopotype female with associated ootheca. Label 1. “Canns Camp Creek, White Mountains National Park, Queensland 20.642 S, 145.166 E 24 April 2022, 9:30 PM On <i>Corymbia leichhardti</i> trunk M.G. Connors, C. Henderson, & M. Allan ”. Label 2. “Ootheca deposited in captivity 29 May 2022 ”.Allotype in Queensland Museum, Brisbane.</p> <p> <b>Paratopotypes:</b> 1♀ nymph, Canns Camp Creek, White Mountains National Park, 20.642 S 145.166 E, 24 APR 2022, M.G. Connors, C. Henderson, & M. Allan, on <i>Corymbia leichhardti</i> trunk (QM); 3♂♂ same locality, 1 APR 2023, M.G. Connors, R. Asai, & G. Kruger-Ilingworth, on <i>Corymbia leichhardti</i> trunk, collected as nymph and raised in captivity, matured May 2023 (QM).</p> <p> <b>Other paratypes: QLD</b>: 1♂ 4 km W by S of Cooktown, 15.28 S 145.13 E, 21 MAY 1977, I.F.B. Common & E.D. Edwards (ANIC); 1♂ Shiptons Flat, nr. Cooktown, 15.47 S 145.14 E, 16–18 MAY 1981, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 38. meadow, at light (ANIC); 1♂ 6 km W. of Cooktown, 21 JAN 1971, J.G. Brooks, at light (ANIC); 4♂♂ 24km N. by W. of Mareeba, 16.47 S 145.22 E, 24–25 NOV 1981, J. Balderson (ANIC); 1♂ Mt Spurgeon Rd., 2.5 km from highway, 488m, 16°30’ S 145°08’ E, 11 MAR 2010, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 2, ANIC Image, ANIC Database No. 11 000026 (ANIC); 1♂ Station CK. 70km.N.W. Cairns Cook H’way, 28 NOV 1970, R. Hardie M. V.I., ANIC Uni. of New England Coll. Donated 1983 (ANIC); 1♂ 17 KM SE OF Black Mtn Rd On Toll Road, 16°46’ S 146°25’ E, 6 FEB 2010, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 1, ANIC Image, ANIC Database No. 11 000033 (ANIC); 1♂ same locality and collectors, 6 DEC 2010, Stop 18, ANIC Image, ANIC Database No. 11 000019 (ANIC); 3♂♂ 8.5km NW Mulligan Hwy on Hodzic Rd 380m, 16°49’45.24’’ S 145°27’50.76’’ E, 13 MAR 2018, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 8 (ANIC); 1♂ Bilwon, Bilwon Rd (nr Biboohra) 476m, 16°50’ S 145°28’ E, 25 MAR 2011, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 12, ANIC Image, ANIC Database No. 11 000039 (ANIC); 2♂♂ Koah, 961 Koah Rd 382m, 16°50.122’ S 145°30.731’ E, 22 SEP 2018, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 26 (ANIC); 2♂♂ same locality and collector, 21 DEC 2019, Stop 31 (ANIC); 2♂♂ Fasio Rd, Paddy’s Green (Mareeba Wetlands) 420m, 16°55.881’ S 145°19.630’ E, 16 FEB 2019, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 5 (ANIC); 1♂ Mt Mulligan Sta, NW of Dimbulah, on Thornborough Rd 426m, 16°59.078’ S 145°01.192’ E, 19 FEB 2016, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 11 (ANIC); 2♂♂ Shroj Rd, Mareeba (off Kennedy Hwy) 438m, 16°59.214’ S 145°30.145’ E, 26 FEB 2019, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 6 (ANIC); 6♂♂ Mt Mulligan Rd, NW of Dimbulah, 538m, 17°01.379’ S 145°02.9’ E, 14 MAR 2020, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 7 (ANIC); 1♂ Mt Mulligan Rd, NW of Dimbulah, ca. 10 km NNW of Leadingham Ck Rd at Mt Mulligan Sta. boundary 557m, 17°02.116’ S 145°02.380’ E, 23 FEB 2021, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 6 (ANIC); 2♂♂ same locality and collector, 15 JAN 2022, Stop 4 (ANIC); 1♀ Mt Mulligan Road, Dimbulah, 17.035 S 145.040 E, 31 JUL 2022, M.G. Connors, D.C.F. Rentz, B. Richardson, & C. Henderson, on <i>Melaleuca</i> (ANIC); 1♂ Braund Rd, ca. 15 km NE Dimbulah, 493m, 16°03.831’ S 145°10.221’ E, 1 AUG 2017, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 33 (ANIC); 1♂ nr Five Mile Ck, 443m nr Dimbulah, 17°08 S 145°03 E, 7 SEP 2010, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 15, ANIC Image, ANIC Database No. 11 000031 (ANIC); 1♂ Silver Valley Rd (nr Herberton, Kalunga) 939m, 17°24.719’ S 145°21.42’ E, 18 SEP 2019, D.C.F. Rentz, Stop 23 (ANIC); 1♂ Normanton [no date or collector] (QM); 1♂ Talaroo Station, (hot springs) 344m, 18°7.168’ S 143°57.715’ E, 26–29 APR 2017, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 24 (ANIC); 1♂ Talaroo Station, Van Lee Rd Study area 5 370m, 18°8.155’ S 143°55.681’ E, 26 APR 2017, D.C.F. Rentz & B. Richardson, Stop 23 (ANIC); 2♂♂ 7 mi. WSW. of Charters Towers, 8 JAN 1965, M.J.D. White, 11498, M.J.D. WHITE Cytol. prep. 2811, Genitalia prep. MG 160 J. Balderson (ANIC); 3♂♂ Burra, 20.44 S 145.11 E, 2 OCT 1977, D.C.F. Rentz & M.J.D. White, Stop 24, M.J.D. WHITE Cytol. prep. C72 (ANIC); 3♂♂ 2 mi. N. of Warrigal Rly. Sta., Pentland distr., 9–10 JAN 1965, M.J.D. White, 11568, M.J.D. WHITE Cytol. prep. 1837, 2834 & 2841 (ANIC); 1♂ 10ml. SSE. of Collinsville, 14 SEP 1950, E.F. Riek (ANIC).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named for the tree on which the species is almost exclusively found in the south of its range, <i>Corymbia leichhardti</i>. A noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> <i>Ima corymbia</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be distinguished from <i>Ima fusca</i> only by the male genitalia having afa strongly indented on the right side.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> As for the generic description in external morphology and colouration. Male genitalia with afa directed posterodextrally, with tip rounded, always well sclerotised, right side with a strong rounded indentation such that the entire structure is weakly bifurcate (Figure 6C–D).</p> <p> <b>Nymph.</b> Older nymphs are similar in morphology and colour to adults, but lack wings (Figure 9D, F). Very young nymphs are pale with relatively long legs and shorter abdomen.</p> <p> <b>Ootheca.</b> Small, cryptic; pale buff to salmon pink externally, internally a deeper reddish pink; ovate, strongly flattened, distal end pointed; with two irregular rows of eggs, these laying almost flat but not parallel with each other; external foam layer thin but covering almost entire ootheca; emergence area obscured by foam, each opening with a small scale-like flap (Figure 8). In nature, oothecae are deposited in the very narrow space between layers of bark such that the two broadest sides both attach to the substrate. Even if removed from the tree, a thin layer of bark usually remains glued to the external surface of the ootheca.</p> <p> <b>Measurements (in mm).</b> Body length, 19.8–23.0 (♀), 18.3–22.5 (♂). Pronotum length, 4.3–5.6 (♀), 4.0–4.7 (♂). Pronotum width, 2.0–2.5 (♀), 1.7–2.0 (♂). Tegmen length, 14.6–15.0 (♀), 13.9–15.5 (♂).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Ima corymbia</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has been collected from dry sclerophyll forest and woodland across a broad range in northern Queensland. Its known range extends from Cooktown in the north to Collinsville in the south, and additionally extends westwards to Normanton (Figure 14, 15F–G).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species appears to be less abundant than <i>Ima fusca</i>, and has almost exclusively been recorded from relatively drier habitats. As with its congener, males are strong fliers and will readily come to lights. Females and nymphs, however, have been collected solely from the trunks of trees; in the south they have been collected only from Leichhardt’s Rustyjacket (<i>Corymbia leichhardti</i>) despite concentrated searches on other tree species. Further north, however, specimens from Dimbulah and Herberton have been collected from <i>Melaleuca</i> and <i>Eucalyptus mediocris</i> trunks, and it is likely that other host plants are utilised across its range.</p> <p> <i>Ima corymbia</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> also appear to display a strong behavioural avoidance to ants. In White Mountains National Park, despite an abundance of suitable trees, mantises were almost exclusively collected from the very few individual trees that lacked trails of ants on their trunks. It is unknown whether the species displays similar preferences in the northern parts of its range.</p> <p> Similarly to <i>Ima fusca</i>, <i>Ima corymbia</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> appears to be highly tolerant to both conspecifics and to other species of mantis. It is not unusual to find several juveniles living on a single tree trunk, and in White Mountains National Park we have recorded the species living in close proximity to <i>Gyromantis occidentalis</i> Sjöstedt, 1918.</p>Published as part of <i>Connors, Matthew G., Yeeles, Peter, Lach, Lori & Rentz, David C. F., 2023, A revision of the genus Ima Tindale (Mantodea: Nanomantidae: Fulciniinae) with the description of a new genus, pp. 201-226 in Zootaxa 5380 (3)</i> on pages 210-212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10224417">http://zenodo.org/record/10224417</a>
Modifications and accommodations Medford Middle School teachers make for students demonstrating behaviors of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
No full textPlan BThis study involves Medford Middle School teachers identifying the modifications and/or accommodations they make for children that demonstrate Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) type behaviors in the classroom setting. The teachers surveyed encompass all subjects including the Related Arts classes of band, chorus, physical education, art and family and consumer education. The six behaviors identified in the survey were taken from the DSM IV criteria for diagnosing AD/HD in children. Part one of each question was the identified behavior and how the teacher accommodated it. Part two of the behavioral question was a continuum of the level of tolerance the teacher has for each specific behavior. The continuum range from “Little Tolerance” (1) to “Some Tolerance” (3) to “Much Tolerance” (5). In addition to the six behavioral questions, the teachers were asked to respond as to what their definition of a AD/HD 4 504 Plan is and their willingness to make modifications/accommodations for a student that demonstrates AD/HD like behaviors, but does not have an Individual Education Plan (IEP). The findings of this research describe how Medford Middle School teachers utilize at least six to 20 strategies or accommodations in order to help students succeed in school. Twelve percent of teachers demonstrated knowledge of what a 504 Plan is. The last question surveyed their willingness to make modifications or accommodations without an IEP or 504 Plan directing them. The average responses by grade ranged from 2.6 (slightly less than “somewhat likely” to modify or accommodate) in eighth grade to 3.5 (slightly higher than “somewhat likely” to modify or accommodate) in fifth grade. Sixty-three percent of Medford Middle School teachers modify, accommodate or utilize behavior management strategies for teaching children that demonstrate AD/HD like behaviors
Supplementary_Appendix_1 - Derivation and Validation of Age- and Body Mass Index-Adjusted Weight-Based Unfractionated Heparin Dosing
No full textSupplementary_Appendix_1 for Derivation and Validation of Age- and Body Mass Index-Adjusted Weight-Based Unfractionated Heparin Dosing by James W. Schurr, Anne-Marie Muske, Craig A. Stevens, Sarah E. Culbreth, Katelyn W. Sylvester, and Jean M. Connors in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis</p
sj-docx-2-ajs-10.1177_03635465221131281 – Supplemental material for Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-ajs-10.1177_03635465221131281 for Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review by Ryan W. Paul, John Hayden Sonnier, Emma E. Johnson, Anya T. Hall, Alim Osman, Gregory M. Connors, Kevin B. Freedman and Meghan E. Bishop in The American Journal of Sports Medicine</p
FIGURE 1 in Cryptic diversity across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico in the montane bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus subniger (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)
No full textFIGURE 1. Localities of the montane bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus subniger sampled for this study. Sceloporus subniger "West" refers to the western clade of S. subniger identified in previous studies (Bryson et al. 2012; Grummer & Bryson 2014; Grummer et al. 2014); the Sierra de Mascota represents a newly discovered locality in western Jalisco.Published as part of Bryson, Robert W., Grummer, Jared A., Connors, Elizabeth M., Tirpak, Joseph, Mccormack, John E. & Klicka, John, 2021, Cryptic diversity across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico in the montane bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus subniger (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), pp. 335-353 in Zootaxa 4963 (2) on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/470096
sj-docx-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465221131281 – Supplemental material for Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465221131281 for Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review by Ryan W. Paul, John Hayden Sonnier, Emma E. Johnson, Anya T. Hall, Alim Osman, Gregory M. Connors, Kevin B. Freedman and Meghan E. Bishop in The American Journal of Sports Medicine</p
Quiescent phenotype of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells following immunization
No full textAbstract
In a human melanoma model of tumor antigen (TA)–based immunization, we tested the functional status of TA-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A "quiescent" phenotype lacking direct ex vivo cytotoxic and proliferative potential was identified that was further characterized by comparing its transcriptional profile to that of TA-specific T cells sensitized in vitro by exposure to the same TA and the T-cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2). Quiescent circulating tumor-specific CD8+ T cells were deficient in expression of genes associated with T-cell activation, proliferation, and effector function. This quiescent status may explain the observed lack of correlation between the presence of circulating immunization-induced lymphocytes and tumor regression. In addition, the activation of TA-specific T cells by in vitro antigen recall and IL-2 suggests that a complete effector phenotype might be reinstated in vivo to fulfill the potential of anticancer vaccine protocols
Screening for dementia in primary care: a comparison of the GPCOG and the MMSE
No full textAbstract not availableHenry Brodaty, Michael H. Connors, Clement Loy, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Nigel Stocks, Jane Gunn, Karen E. Mate, C. Dimity Pon
Sceloporus hesperus Bryson & Grummer & Connors & Tirpak & Mccormack & Klicka 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> sp. nov. Bryson & Grummer <p>Figs. 6–7, Tables 3–4</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> Adult male, MZFC 35571 (field number RWB 1107), from 2.2 km (by air) SE Lago de Juanacatlán, Sierra de Mascota, municipality of Mascota, Jalisco (N 20.6102°, W 104.7208°, 2314 m; WGS84); collected 10 April 2011 by R. W. Bryson Jr. and M. Torocco.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes:</b> Same data as holotype (MZFC 35572–35575).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> is a member of the <i>S. scalaris</i> group, sharing with other species in that group parallel lateral scale rows, femoral pore series that are either in contact or separated by no more than two scales, females with smooth preanal scales, and males with lateral abdominal color patches (Smith 1939; Smith <i>et al</i>. 1997; Watkins-Cowell <i>et al</i>. 2006). <i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> can be distinguished from other species in this group by the following combination of characters: single canthal on each side of the head, small adult size (SVL less than 47 mm, average 45.4 mm), 41–47 dorsal scales (average 43), 40–45 scales around midbody (average 43), 37–39 ventral scales (average 38), tibia length/head length proportion of 0.75–0.89 (average 0.84), 11–17 scales bordering the interpariatel scale (average 14), adult females with lightly mottled or pale venters, and adult males with extensive dark pigment on the venter, heavily mottled throats, and orange or rust-colored flanks.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype.</b> Adult male (Fig. 6). SVL = 43 mm, total length including tail = 112 mm. Head length = 9.64 mm. Tibia length = 8 mm. Entire hind limb length (including fourth toe) = 21 mm. Forelimb length = 11 mm. Dorsal head scales keeled with smooth margins. Four internasal scales, two deeply notched towards midline and two rectangular. Canthals 1-1. Loreals 1-1. Supralabials 5-4. Infralabials 6-6. Postnasals 2-3. Preoculars 1-1 with strong transverse keel on dorsal surface. Three frontonasals, each with many ridges. Three prefrontals, each with many ridges. Frontal trapezoidal, with three ridges. Frontoparietals 1-1. Parietals 2-1. Lorilabial rows 2-2. Dorsal scales keeled, triangular, with sharp posterior point. Dorsal scale margins transparent, smooth (not serrate). Forty two dorsal scales. Forty scales around midbody. Ventral scales rounded, with a notch at posterior apex.</p> <p>Two white dorsolateral stripes, one-scale wide, that begin at posterior margin of ear opening and extend posteriorly to tail. Pale brown vertebral stripe two scale-rows wide. Five dark brown transverse bars between vertebral and dorsolateral stripe on each side. Gular region mostly black with about 10% of scales white, randomly scattered. Proximal dorsal surface of tail with four dark brown blotches on either side of midline; few blue scales scattered on proximal half.</p> <p> <b>Color in preservative.</b> Dorsal and lateral surface of head brown; labials dark brown, bordered dorsally and ventrally by one row of white scales. Loreal scales white. Dorsum light brown, with dark brown transverse bars and light dorsolateral stripes as described above. All white regions on dorsum infused with blue (presumably from leeching). Lateral body scales light, with increasing melanism towards venter. Throat dark blue or black, with few, scattered light-colored scales. Venter dark blue and melanized, except for midventral, pale-colored patch about six scale-rows wide extending anteriorly from inguinal region, diminishing anteriorly until absent on chest. Dorsal surface of tail as above; ventral surface cream. Limbs same color as dorsum, with few scattered light blue scales.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Variation in meristic and mensural characters of male and female paratypes is summarized in Tables 3–4. All males have heavily mottled, dark turquoise throats. Ventral surfaces of two males (including the holotype) are similarly dark in preservative, with a distinct pale-colored patch extending midventrally from about the intersection of the hindlimbs towards the front limbs; in the third, the belly is much less melanized. The dorsal surface of males ranges from weakly patterned to patternless. In weakly patterned individuals, such as the holotype, the dark brown transverse bars between the vertebral and dorsolateral stripes are dimly evident. Figure 7 shows the coloration of an adult male in life; particularly noticeable are the orange-colored flanks of males. Of the two paratype females, one has a lightly mottled throat and ventral surface, while the other is pale. The dorsal surface of one female is strongly patterned, and marked with sharply defined dark transverse bars; the other female is patternless.</p> <p> <b>Comparisons.</b> <i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> is one of the smallest species in the <i>S. scalaris</i> group, having a mean SVL of 45.4 mm. <i>Sceloporus chaneyi</i>, previously reported to be the smallest <i>S. scalaris</i> group species, has a mean SVL of 45.7 mm (Liner & Dixon 1992). <i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> is most similar to <i>S. subniger</i> and <i>S. dixoni</i>, sharing with them a single canthal on each side of the head, relatively short legs (tibia length/head length proportion less than 0.9), small adult size (maximum SVL less than 63 mm), 36–50 dorsal scales, extensive dark pigment on the venter of adult males, a black-barred or darkly mottled chin/throat in adult males, orange or rust-colored flanks in adult males, and oviparity. <i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> can be distinguished from <i>S. subniger</i> by the combination of its smaller adult size (maximum SVL = 47 mm in <i>S. hesperus</i> vs. 62 mm in <i>S. subniger</i>; average SVL = 45.4 mm vs. 48.6 mm), more dorsal scales (average of 43 vs. 41), more scales around midbody (average of 43 vs. 41), more ventral scales (average of 38 vs. 34), and fewer scales bordering the interpariatel scale (average of 14 vs. 16). Female <i>S. hesperus</i> also have considerably less mottling on the ventral surface than female <i>S. subniger</i>. <i>Sceloporus hesperus</i> differs from <i>S. dixoni</i> by the combination of their smaller adult size (maximum SVL = 47 mm in <i>S. hesperus</i> vs. 54 mm in <i>S. dixoni</i>; average SVL = 45.4 mm vs. 47.1 mm), slightly shorter legs (average tibia length/head length proportion 0.84 vs. 0.86), more ventral scales (average = 38 vs. 35), more dorsal scales (41–47, average = 43 vs. 37–45, average = 41), and more scales around midbody (40–45, average = 43 vs. 37–43, average = 40).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet is derived from the Greek word <i>hesperos,</i> meaning “western”, and is used in reference to the type locality located at the far western end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Smith (1939: 356) cites several published records from the late 1800s for <i>S. aeneus aeneus</i> from Jalisco: “N of Rio Santiago (Günther 1890); La Cumbre de los Arrastrados (Boulenger 1897); Hda. Santa Gertrudis (Boulenger 1897).” Over 50 years later, Smith <i>et al</i>. (1993: 133) commented that Boulenger’s records from Jalisco “appear to be too far west to be accepted without verification.” If Boulenger’s records are indeed correct, specimens from La Cumbre de los Arrastrados and Hacienda Santa Gertrudis in the Sierra de Cuale might be referable to <i>S. hesperus</i>. A narrow ridge above 2,200 m extends across southwestern Jalisco from the type locality in the Sierra de Mascota through the Sierra de Cuale to the Sierra de Manantlán. The reptiles and amphibians in this remote region of Mexico remain poorly sampled (Reyes-Velasco <i>et al</i>. 2010). If suitable montane bunchgrass habitat is present along the forested mountain pass connecting these three sierras, then it is conceivable that additional populations of <i>S. hesperus</i> will be found here. For now, the only known population of <i>S. hesperus</i> is from the high-elevation pineoak forest at the type locality in the Sierra de Mascota of Jalisco. The low-elevation valleys trending northwest from the Nevado de Colima likely serve as a geographic barrier between <i>S. hesperus</i> and <i>S. dixoni</i>. This lower-elevation area is also inhabited by <i>S. unicanthalis</i> and <i>S. scalaris</i> (Thomas & Dixon 1976; Watkins-Colwell <i>et al</i>. 2006), two larger-bodied species in the <i>S. scalaris</i> group not known to co-occur with <i>S. subniger</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Bryson, Robert W., Grummer, Jared A., Connors, Elizabeth M., Tirpak, Joseph, Mccormack, John E. & Klicka, John, 2021, Cryptic diversity across the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico in the montane bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus subniger (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), pp. 335-353 in Zootaxa 4963 (2)</i> on pages 348-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4700962">http://zenodo.org/record/4700962</a>
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