80 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Africa's role and contribution to international criminal justice /
No full textThis book explores a range of issues related to the development, application and enforcement of international criminal justice within Africa and on Africa. Written by experts from Africa, and adopting African perspectives, this book seeks to understand the scope and reach of these issues, nationally, regionally and globally. Africa's Role and Contribution to International Criminal Justice engages in theoretical and policy discourses on the substantive and procedural features of criminal law and justice in the African context. A range of topical issues are examined by the contributors, such as the ways in which African states have dealt with issues of universal jurisdiction and how victims are treated, as well as controversial questions concerning how courts function and should function in dealing with these issues. The ideas, themes, institutions, practices, concepts and patterns of convergence of criminal justice systems in Africa are also explored. This book aims to establish a greater understanding of international criminal justice and its relation to Africa, and beyond. Further, it seeks to expand the conversation beyond the narrow topics that are so commonly discussed when matters of African criminal justice are considered. PROF DR JEREMY SARKIN is Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Nova University of Lisbon (Portugal) and Research Fellow at the University of the Free State (South Africa). DR ELLAH T. M. SIANG'ANDU is Lecturer and Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Zambia and Research Fellow at the Southern African Institute for Policy and Research (SAIPAR)
The Responsibility to Protect and Humanitarian Intervention in Africa
No full textAbstractThis essay investigates the connection between humanitarian intervention and R2P within an historical, legal, and conceptual context. It challenges the widely held view that Africa lacks the capacity to intervene in areas of conflict and human rights violations, arguing instead that the continent possesses the will and instruments to protect human rights. The author notes that, while the UN Security Council retains the primary responsibility for promoting global peace and security, the R2P norm remains contested even within the UN. The ECOWAS interventions in Liberia and Sierra Leone in the 1990s were initially undertaken without UN approval, but were later sanctioned by the world body. These interventions undermined the idea of state sovereignty as independence from external interventions, which had previously constrained humanitarian missions in Africa. However, the essay argues that the R2P principle was boosted by the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 2002 to prosecute persons suspected of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and/or genocide. In addition, the intervention clause in the AU's Constitutive Act of 2000 supports the R2P principle while prohibiting unilateral interventions. Notwithstanding these developments, the author notes that the AU and Africa's regional bodies still have a long way to go in translating the R2P doctrine into practice.
</jats:sec
Differences in physical-fitness test scores between actively and passively recruited older adults: consequences for norm-based classification
No full textThis study investigated differences in physical-fitness test scores between actively and passively recruited older adults and the consequences thereof for norm-based classification of individuals. Walking endurance, grip strength, hip flexibility, balance, manual dexterity, and reaction time were measured in participants age 57 years or older: 1 sample recruited through media announcements (passively recruited) and 1 sample recruited through personal contact (actively recruited). Classifications on a 5-point scale based on norms were cross-tabulated. Compared with the actively recruited sample, performance of the passively recruited sample was significantly better on all tests except, for women, hip flexibility and manual dexterity. Cross-tabulation of the 2 classifications showed that percentages of agreement varied from 27.4% to 87.4%. Cohen's Kappa varied from. 11 to .84. Caution should be used when giving feedback on test performance and subsequently making physical activity recommendations if norms are based on the performance of passively recruited older adults
A Hydrophobic antireflective and antidust coating with and nanoparticles using a new 3-D printing method for photovoltaic panels
No full textThe main outdoor factors that reduce the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) panel are the reflection and refraction of light, dirt, dust, and organic waste accumulating on the panel surface. In this article, an antireflection, self-cleaning coating was applied on the PV panel cover glass with a new method. With the coating, the surface has been given a hydrophobic feature. As a coating method, a 3-D printer has not been seen in the literature and used as a new method. The electrospinning method has also been tried as an alternative method. Solutions in different combinations were developed using polylactic acid or polymethylmethacrylate polymer, chloroform () as a solvent, and silicon dioxide () and titanium dioxide () nanoparticles as primary materials in a modified 3-D printer for bioprinting. Five PV panels were obtained by applying different 3-D parameters from three solutions, which have the best results. Coating thicknesses are in the range of 3.12-8.47 mu m. Coated and uncoated PV panels were tested in outdoor conditions for ten-day periods. The power outputs of the PV panels were measured, and their ten-day average efficiency was presented. According to the results, the highest efficiency increase is 8.7%. The highest light transmittance is 88.2% at 550 nm. In addition, hydrophobic properties were observed on all surfaces and the water contact angle was measured as 96.18 degrees
Using the Crisis in the Transitional Justice Process in Nepal to Understand How Matters of Legitimacy and Credibility Undermine Such Commissions
No full textOver five decades and with dozens of examples of truth commissions to look back on, an undeniable aspect of their legacy is that the world has become far more focused on dealing with the past and uncovering the truth about past atrocities. While there is typically a focus in the literature on the more widely publicized and famous truth commissions, scores of other processes have taken place, especially since the 1990s. Post-conflict or divided societies have designed institutions in ways that achieve specific objectives but at the same time conform to international standards, creating a reputation of being both democratic and accountable. Using the prism of Nepal, this article examines why the process to establish transitional justice mechanisms, and specifically truth commissions, needs to be legitimate and credible for them to be effective and be impactful. It specifically examines issues relating to appointments to such institutions and why such appointments need to be done independently and not overtly politically. It scrutinizes why appointment mechanisms and processes are so important to enhancing the legitimacy and independence of such bodies. The case of Nepal is used as an example to extrapolate conclusions about the problems that affected its processes, and the various crises that have emerged in those processes. The article argues that commissioners ought to be chosen on the basis of their impartiality, moral integrity, and known commitment to human rights and disclosure of the truth. This is essential to ensure that the process is seen to be independent and credible. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.publishe
Interpersonal Deficits and Time Spent in Exercise or Active Recreation
No full text This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that people with interpersonal deficits would spend less time in exercise or active recreation. Participants completed a questionnaire about the time spent per week in exercise or active recreation as well as in other activities such as reading and watching television. They also completed a questionnaire designed to measure both interpersonal and cognitive-perceptual deficits. Interpersonal deficits measured were social anxiety, constricted affect, and lack of close friends. Cognitive-perceptual deficits measured were perceptual aberration, magical ideation, and ideas of reference. Analysis showed that interpersonal deficits were related to reduced time spent in exercise or active recreation. Cognitive-perceptual deficits were not associated with time spent in exercise or active recreation. </jats:p
A Hydrophobic Antireflective and Antidust Coating With and Nanoparticles Using a New 3-D Printing Method for Photovoltaic Panels
No full textThe main outdoor factors that reduce the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) panel are the reflection and refraction of light, dirt, dust, and organic waste accumulating on the panel surface. In this article, an antireflection, self-cleaning coating was applied on the PV panel cover glass with a new method. With the coating, the surface has been given a hydrophobic feature. As a coating method, a 3-D printer has not been seen in the literature and used as a new method. The electrospinning method has also been tried as an alternative method. Solutions in different combinations were developed using polylactic acid or polymethylmethacrylate polymer, chloroform () as a solvent, and silicon dioxide () and titanium dioxide () nanoparticles as primary materials in a modified 3-D printer for bioprinting. Five PV panels were obtained by applying different 3-D parameters from three solutions, which have the best results. Coating thicknesses are in the range of 3.12-8.47 mu m. Coated and uncoated PV panels were tested in outdoor conditions for ten-day periods. The power outputs of the PV panels were measured, and their ten-day average efficiency was presented. According to the results, the highest efficiency increase is 8.7%. The highest light transmittance is 88.2% at 550 nm. In addition, hydrophobic properties were observed on all surfaces and the water contact angle was measured as 96.18 degrees
Assessment of efficiency of realization of paternalistic policy of industrial enterprises development
No full textThe article describes the methodology of adapting of M. Porter's model of influence of five market forces to the conditions of new paternalistic economy considering the priority impact of procedures of the state stimulation and administration of activity of the industrial enterprises. The model is applied to the processes of diagnosing of the current state and perspectives of future development, as well as planning, organization and regulation of processes of the economic entity of the industrial sphere within formation of strategy of its constant growth. In the article the system of indicators of the assessment of productivity and efficiency of activity of the industrial enterprise (association) in the conditions of new paternalistic economy is created. It is structured in terms of elements of the system of balanced indicators and includes the corresponding complexes of private and group indicators
Assessment of efficiency of realization of paternalistic policy of industrial enterprises development
No full textThe article describes the methodology of adapting of M. Porter's model of influence of five market forces to the conditions of new paternalistic economy considering the priority impact of procedures of the state stimulation and administration of activity of the industrial enterprises. The model is applied to the processes of diagnosing of the current state and perspectives of future development, as well as planning, organization and regulation of processes of the economic entity of the industrial sphere within formation of strategy of its constant growth. In the article the system of indicators of the assessment of productivity and efficiency of activity of the industrial enterprise (association) in the conditions of new paternalistic economy is created. It is structured in terms of elements of the system of balanced indicators and includes the corresponding complexes of private and group indicators
Assessment of School Facilities and Challenges in Almajiri School, Gagi, Sokoto-Nigeria
No full textSchool facilities play vital role in the actualisation of the educational goals and objectives by satisfying the physical and emotional needs of the staff and students of the school. The quality of education children received bear direct relevance to facilities made available and proper utilization. Thus, the study examines the availability of school facilities in Almajiri School, Gagi, Sokoto. The study adopts a quantitative research designed that focuses on survey design, where a sample of 175 was drawn out of 283 population comprising 23 staff and 152 students of Almjiri School, Gagi, Sokoto through random and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument used for this study was Availability of School Facilities and Challenges Questionnaire (ASFCQ). The questionnaire items statement was analyzed individually based on simple frequency count and responses percentage. The findings indicated that the school building facilities, feeding facilities, laboratories facilities, health and sport facilities, teaching and learning materials and financial facilities were adequately provided. On the other hand the study revealed that, toilet facilities, adequate meal with balance diets, classrooms furniture, incentives and allowance for staff were not adequately provided as the challenges of provision of school facilities in the School. As a result of the findings the study concludes that, for Almajiri School Gagi to realise it educational goals and objectives adequate facilities should be made available. Upon the above conclusion the study recommends among others that: School should collaborate with Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), politicians, clerics, individuals and other philanthropists in the provision of school facilities; School management should ensure that toilets facilities are made adequate with regular water supply; Meal given to students should be improved and enough to ensure that it contain required balance diets; Adequate furniture should be made in classrooms for students comfort and maximum attention during lesson
- …
