65 research outputs found
A retrospective study of clinical profile and outcomes of critically ill patients with heat-related illness
No full textBackground and Aims: Heat-related illness (HRI) due to high ambient temperatures is a common feature during the Indian summer. HRI often results in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, published report on the effects of HRI among the Indian population is lacking. This study was undertaken to identify the profile of patients admitted to ICU with clinical features of HRI and study their clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of patients admitted with features of HRI during the summer of 2012 in our multidisciplinary ICU. Data on demographics, co-morbid illness, admission severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]), organ failure scores (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA]) and neuroimaging studies were collected. Outcome data studied included mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), ventilator days and hospital LOS. Statistical analysis was performed using Student′s t-test, Chi-square test and multivariate analysis. Results: Twenty-six patients met the diagnostic criteria for HRI. Fifteen were males. The mean age was 53.12 18.6 years. Mean APACHE II score was 19.6 7.7 and mean SOFA score was 7.5 2.6. The common presenting symptoms were fever with neurological impairment (100%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (30%). Major organ systems involvement include neurological (100%), renal (57%), hepatic (34%) and coagulation abnormalities (26%). Most common metabolic abnormality noted was hyponatraemia (73%). Magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of heat stroke were seen in 5 of 26 patients. Mortality rate was 34%. 8 of 17 survivors had residual neurological impairment. Conclusion: HRI carries a high mortality and significant neurological morbidity
Molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of calcium signals in insulin secreting cells
No full textIntracellular Ca 2+ regulates diverse cellular functions in almost all the cells. In the pancreatic ß-cells, Ca 2+ signals are critical for insulin secretion. An increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) triggers insulin secretion. Multiple mechanisms increase the [Ca 2+ ]i in the ß-cells, and in this respect depolarization of the plasma membrane and consequent Ca 2+ entry through the voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels is particularly important. For depolarization of ß-cells the closure of KATP channels is essential. In addition, cation channels belonging to Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family are thought to play important roles in causing depolarization. Previous studies have reported that the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-like subtype 5 (TRPM5) channel, a Ca 2+ activated monovalent cation channel, is involved in the stimulus-secretion coupling in the mouse ß-cells. We aimed to study the role of the TRPM5 channel in regulating insulin secretion, and [Ca 2+ ]i in the rat ß-cells. Another focus of this thesis was to evaluate a new human inluinoma cell line as a model for studying Ca 2+ signaling in the ß-cells. Recently a genetically engineered human insulinoma cell line (EndoC-BH1) has been developed. We studied Ca 2+ signaling in the EndoC-BH1 cells, in an attempt to assess whether these cells could be used as a model for this purpose. For inhibiting the TRPM5 channels we used triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO), a selective and potent pharmacological inhibitor of the channel. We measured insulin secretion from the islets from Sprague-Dawley rats in batch incubations. For measuring [Ca 2+ ]i from single rat ß-cells and EndoC-BH1 cells, we used fura-2 based ratiometric microfluorometry. We found that TPPO did not inhibit insulin secretion triggered by KCl, or fructose but it significantly reduced insulin secretion in response to glucose, Larginine, and GLP-1. It also significantly inhibited the KATP channel-independent insulin secretion by glucose. TPPO significantly inhibited the [Ca 2+ ]i increase in response to L-arginine. It also inhibited the [Ca 2+ ]i increase triggered by glucose in a KATP channel independent mechanism. However, TPPO did not alter the [Ca 2+ ]i response triggered by KCl, fructose, glucose and GLP-1. We stimulated the EndoC-BH1 cells with gluocse, GLP-1, KCl, carbachol, Larginine, and tolbutamide. These agents that are known to increase [Ca 2+ ]i in the primary ß-cells also increased [Ca 2+ ]i in the these human insulinoma cells. Moreover, we found that GLP-1 was essential for eliciting Ca 2+ response in the EndoC-BH1 cells upon stimulation by tolbutamide and glucose. We conclude that in the rat islets, TRPM5 plays an important role in mediating insulin secretion by glucose, and L-arginine, and in potentiating the glucoseinduced insulin secretion by GLP-1. We also conclude that the EndoC-BH1cells responds by [Ca 2+ ]i increase upon stimulation by several well-known agonists.List of scientific papersI. Krishnan K, Ma Z, Björklund A, Islam M S. Role of transient receptor potential melastatin-like subtype 5 channel in insulin secretion from rat β-cells. Pancreas. [Accepted] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24632551 II. Krishnan K, Ma Z, Björklund A, Islam M S. Calcium signaling in a genetically engineered human pancreatic β-cell line. [Submitted]</p
Intuitionistic fuzzy MAUT-BW Delphi method for medication service robot selection during COVID-19
No full textCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new illness caused by a novel coronavirus, a member of the corona family of viruses, is currently posing a threat to all people, and it has become a significant challenge for healthcare organizations. Robotics are used among other strategies, to lower COVID’s fatality and spread rates globally. The robot resembles the human body in shape and is a programmable mechanical device. As COVID is a highly contagious disease, the treatment for the critical stage COVID patients is decided to regulate through medication service robots (MSR). The use of service robots diminishes the spread of infection and human error and prevents frontline healthcare workers from exposing themselves to direct contact with the COVID illness. The selection of the most appropriate robot among different alternatives may be complex. So, there is a need for some mathematical tools for proper selection. Therefore, this study design the MAUT-BW Delphi method to analyze the selection of MSR for treating COVID patients using integrated fuzzy MCDM methods, and these alternatives are ranked by influencing criteria. The trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are beneficial and efficient for expressing vague information and are defuzzified using a novel algorithm called converting trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers into crisp scores (CTrIFCS). The most suitable criteria are selected through the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), and the selected criteria are weighted using the simplified best–worst method (SBWM). The performance between the alternatives and criteria is scrutinized under the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) method. Moreover, to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, sensitivity and comparative analyses are conducted with the existing defuzzification techniques and distance measures. This study also adopt the idea of a correlation test to compare the performance of different defuzzification methods
Potential and indispensable high temperature superconductivity in novel Rare Earth Hydrides under higher pressure.
No full textThe talk presented at 29th Annual General Meeting Of Materials Research Society Of India And National Symposium On Advances In Functional And Exotic Materials
CpG dinucleotide depletion in the M segment is linked to evolutionary lineage of host.
No full text<p>(a) In M segment the CpG O/E ratios were significantly lower in insectivore borne viruses than that in rodent borne viruses (0.19±0.03 vs 0.22±0.03; P = 0.0077). The average CpG O/E ratios were lower in insectivore borne hantaviruses as compared to rodent borne hantaviruses for S segment (0.25±0.08 vs 0.29±0.06; P = 0.1344) and L segment (0.26±0.03 vs 0.30±0.05; P = 0.1481); however the difference was not statistically significant. (b) The GpU O/E ratios was not statistically different between insectivore borne and rodent borne hantaviruses in S segment (0.75±0.06 vs 0.72±0.06; P = 0.2289), M segment (0.97±0.02 vs 0.97±0.03;P = 0.9355) and L segment (0.89±0.05 vs 0.87±0.03).</p
Avoidance of GpU-containing codons in the S segment of hantaviruses.
No full text<p>Box plots showing the RSCU values of synonymous GpU-containing codons. The RSCU values of GpU-containing codons are shown in yellow boxes. GpU-containing codons were avoided in the S segment of hantaviruses as evidenced by median RSCU values of less than one. The average RSCU values for GpT-containing codons in the S segment were lower as compared those in the M segment (0.91±0.32 vs 1.46±0.25; P<0.0001) or the L segment (0.91±0.32 vs 1.7±0.27; P<0.0001); this is a reflection of GpU dinucleotides depletion from the S segment.</p
Influence of ZrB2 Particles on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of AA7075/ZrB2 In-Situ Composites
No full textHantavirus S segments are GpU depleted and that underlying evolutionary pressure is specific to GpU (not UpG) dinucleotides.
No full text<p>(a) The hantavirus S segment had significantly lower GpU dinucleotide O/E ratios as compared to that in the M segment (0.72±0.06 vs 0.97±0.03; P<0.0001) or the L segment (0.72±0.06 vs 0.86±0.04; P<0.0001). (b) The GpU/UpG O/E ratios were found to be significantly lower in hantaviruses for the S segment as compared to those for the M segment (0.58±0.07 vs 0.74±0.03; P<0.0001) or for the L segment (0.58±0.07 vs 0.74±0.05; P<0.0001); suggesting that GpU depletion in the S segment is not linked to pressures acting on the constituent mononucleotides (G or U) but is due to pressures specifically acting on GpU dinucleotides.</p
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