143 research outputs found
The Author Reply. Letter to the Editor
No full textThe Author reply to the Letter sent to the Editor about a previus article on low anterior resection
Health challenges and perspectives for sub-Saharan Africa
No full textthe article is related to the partnership between University of Ferrara , Italy and Namibia University of Science and Technology in performing a new Bechelor's Degree for Nurses and Midwifer
) CHIRURGIA LOCALE DELLE NEOPLASIE DEL RETTO: METODICHE E RISULTATI. QUANDO L'ENDOSCOPIA QUANDO LA CHIRURGIA
No full textGli Autori espongono la propria esperienza in tema di opzioni terapeutica sul cancro del retto, individuando le indicazioni alla scelta endoscopica o chirurgica
Pre- and Postsynaptic Effects of Glutamate in the Frog Labyrinth
No full textThe role of glutamate in quantal release at the cytoneural junction was examined by measuring mEPSPs and afferent spikes at the posterior canal in the intact frog labyrinth. Release was enhanced by exogenous glutamate, or DL-TBOA, a blocker of glutamate reuptake. Conversely, drugs acting on ionotropic glutamate receptors did not affect release; the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R) blocker CNQX decreased mEPSP size in a dose-dependent manner; the NMDA-R blocker p-AP5 at concentrations <200 mu M did not affect mEPSP size, either in the presence or absence of Mg and glycine. In isolated hair cells, glutamate did not modify Ca currents. Instead, it systematically reduced the compound delayed potassium current, IKD, whereas the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-II inverse agonist, (2S)-2-amino-2-[(1S,2S)2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl]-3-(xanth-9-yl)propanoic acid (LY341495), increased it. Given mGluR-II decrease cAMP production, these finding are consistent with the reported sensitivity of IKD to protein kinase A (PKA)mediated phosphorylation. LY341495 also enhanced transmitter release, presumably through phosphorylation-mediated facilitation of the release machinery. The observed enhancement of release by glutamate confirms previous literature data, and can be attributed to activation of mGluR-I that promotes Ca release from intracellular stores. Glutamate-induced reduction in the repolarizing IKD may contribute to facilitation of release. Overall, glutamate exerts both a positive feedback action on mGluR-I, through activation of the phospholipase C (PLC)/IP3 path, and the negative feedback, by interfering with substrate phosphorylation through G(i/0)-coupled mGluRs-II/III. The positive feedback prevails, which may explain the increase in overall rates of release observed during mechanical stimulation (symmetrical in the excitatory and inhibitory directions). The negative feedback may protect the junction from over-activation. (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf IBRO
La terapia transanale degli adenomi rettali
No full textVengono analizzate e descritte le tecniche operatorie per la escissione transanale degli adenomi rettali. Viene inoltre illustrata e discussa la casistica clinica di riferimento degli Autori a sostegno delle proprie argomentazioni
Use of Biofragmentable Anastomosis Rings in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
No full textThe book based on the proceedings of the second European Workshop on Compression Anastomoses provides experimental and clinical data on the compression anastomosis technique with the bioabsorbable Valtrac ring and considers the prospects for the technique. Bioabsorbable anastomotic rings (BAR) represent a fascinating concept: standardization of anastomoses, a safe technique and expulsion of the material without residues are among the many advantages. In addition, their development means that a single technique can be used to perform the classical end-to-end, end-to-side, and side- to-side anastomoses in most areas of the gastrointestinal tract without any auxiliary tool. This brings a great advantage in terms of practicability. The data presented provide an up-to-date overview of this new technique
What Brexit and students are teaching us.
No full textSeveral comments immediately following the British vote for Brexit focused on the negative effects both in general terms and in individual sectors, such as that of scientific research. The most feared consequence is the isolation and loss of funding for researchers in community projects and a possibile restriction in free circulation of students and researchers
Exposure to reduced gravity impairs junctional transmission at the semicircular canal in the frog labyrinth.
No full textThe effects of microgravity on frog semicircular canals have been studied by electrophysiological and morphological approaches. Reduced gravity (microG) was simulated by a random positioning machine (RPM), which continually and randomly modified the orientation in space of the anesthetized animal. As this procedure stimulates the semicircular canals, the effect of altered gravity was isolated by comparing microG-treatment with an identical rotary stimulation in the presence of normal gravity (normoG). Electrophysiological experiments were performed in the isolated labyrinth, extracted from the animals after the treatment, and mounted on a turntable. Junctional activity was measured by recording quantal events (mEPSPs) and spikes from the afferent fibers close to the junction, at rest and during rotational stimulation. MicroG-treated animals displayed a marked decrease in the frequency of resting and evoked mEPSP discharge, vs. both control and normoG (mean decrease approximately 50%). Spike discharge was also depressed: 57% of microG-treated frogs displayed no spikes at rest and during rotation at 0.1 Hz, vs. 23-31% of control or normoG frogs. Among the firing units, during one cycle of sinusoidal rotation at 0.1 Hz microG-treated units emitted an average of 41.8 +/- 8.06 spikes, vs. 77.2 +/- 8.19 in controls. Patch-clamp analysis on dissociated hair cells revealed altered Ca(2+) handling, after microG, consistent with and supportive of the specificity of microG effects. Marked morphological signs of cellular suffering were observed after microG, mainly in the central part of the sensory epithelium. Functional changes due to microgravity were reversible within a few days
Calcium Currents in Hair Cells Isolated from Semicircular Canals of the Frog
No full textAbstractL-type and R-type Ca2+ currents were detected in frog semicircular canal hair cells. The former was noninactivating and nifedipine-sensitive (5μM); the latter, partially inactivated, was resistant to ω-conotoxin GVIA (5μM), ω-conotoxin MVIIC (5μM), and ω-agatoxin IVA (0.4μM), but was sensitive to mibefradil (10μM). Both currents were sensitive to Ni2+ and Cd2+ (>10μM). In some cells the L-type current amplitude increased almost twofold upon repetitive stimulation, whereas the R-type current remained unaffected. Eventually, run-down occurred for both currents, but was prevented by the protease inhibitor calpastatin. The R-type current peak component ran down first, without changing its plateau, suggesting that two channel types generate the R-type current. This peak component appeared at −40mV, reached a maximal value at −30mV, and became undetectable for voltages ≥0mV, suggestive of a novel transient current: its inactivation was indeed reversibly removed when Ba2+ was the charge carrier. The L-type current and the R-type current plateau were appreciable at −60mV and peaked at −20mV: the former current did not reverse for voltages up to +60mV, the latter reversed between +30 and +60mV due to an outward Cs+ current flowing through the same Ca2+ channel. The physiological role of these currents on hair cell function is discussed
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