145 research outputs found
Spontaneous Streptococcus mitis Meningitis in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
No full textHow to cite this paper: Villion, A., Lishner, M., Chowers, M. and Reisfeld, S. (2014) Abstract Streptococcus mitis is a component of the normal oropharynx, skin, gastrointestinal system, and genital tract florae. It is generally considered as a relatively benign bacterium. We present a case of spontaneous Streptococcus mitis meningitis in a patient with liver cirrhosis and no known risk factors for invasive infectious diseases
(Dis)honesty, psychopathy, and their relation to empathic concern
No full textA Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science-Psychology ExperimentalThe goal of the present research was to examine the relation between honesty-humility
and psychopathy, along with their relationship to empathic concern and helping behavior
by manipulating perspective taking and measuring feelings of empathic concern for
willingness to help a person in need. Measures of psychopathy were assessed using the
SRP- III, and the PPI-R: SF. The personality dimension of honesty-humility was
measured using a portion of the HEXACO-PI-R: SR (100 item version). Empathic
concern was evaluated using the 6 items that Batson (2011) suggests best defines the
construct. Based on previous work, it was hypothesized that (a) psychopathy and
honestly-humility would be negatively associated with one another; (b) psychopathy
would be negatively associated with empathic concern and helping; and (c) honestyhumility
would be positively associated with empathic concern and helping. A
perspective taking manipulation was used to further examine whether the associations of
the traits of empathic concern and helping would be mitigated if the participants actively
imagined the perspective of the person in need. Correlational analyses revealed a
negative relation between honesty-humility and the psychopathy measures. When
measures of psychopathy were decomposed into facet measures of fearless dominance,
impulsive antisociality, coldheartedness, Factor 1 (primary psychopathy), and Factor 2
(secondary psychopathy), only individuals higher in Factor 1 reported significantly lower
levels of empathic concern (after controlling for gender). Logistic regression analyses
indicated that the interaction between coldheartedness and perspective taking
significantly predicted helping behavior, such individuals higher in coldheartedness were
less likely to help, but only when participants were asked to imagine the other?s
perspective
Relación entre depresión y rendimiento académico en los alumnos del primer y segundo grado de secundaria de la institución educativa estatal N°001 José Lishner Tudela, Tumbes - 2016
No full textLa investigación titulada “Relación entre depresión y rendimiento académico
en los alumnos del primer y segundo grado de secundaria de la institución
educativa estatal “Nº 001 José Lishner Tudela”, Tumbes - 2016” tuvo como
objetivo principal: Determinar si la depresión se relaciona al rendimiento
académico en estudiantes del 1° y 2 grado matriculados en el año académico
2016 de la Institución educativa Nº 001 “José Lishner Tudela”. Se llevó a cabo
un estudio de tipo de estudio correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo; la
población de estudio estuvo constituida por 145 estudiantes del 1° y 2 grado
de secundaria de ambos sexos en edades comprendidas de 12 a 14 años,
matriculados con asistencia regular; los instrumentos utilizados fueron el
Cuestionario de Depresión para niños, de M, LANG Y M, TISHER, las
calificaciones de los estudiantes para el rendimiento académico.
Resultados: El nivel de depresión en los alumnos del primer y segundo grado
fue para ambos grupo medio (67,6%) seguido de un nivel alto 19,3% y bajo
13,1%, el nivel de rendimiento académico fue en proceso para ambos grupos
(81.3%), seguido de un logro esperado (14,4%) e inicio (4,1%) y existe
relación significativa inversa entre los componentes de la depresión:
respuesta afectiva – problemas sociales, preocupación por la muerte/salud,
dimensión Sentimiento de Culpabilidad - depresión varios y el rendimiento
académico y existe relación significativa positiva entre los componentes de la
depresión: Autoestima y dimensión Animo – Alegría – positivos varios
MINDFUL EATING: WILLINGNESS TO SAMPLE AND ENJOYMENT OF SAMPLED FOOD IN OLDER ADULTS
No full textA Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science-Psychology ExperimentalThe present study examined the role of mindful eating and willingness to sample food and enjoyment of the sampled food among older adults. Participants were older adults (age > 55) with no known food allergies. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: a mindful raisin-eating task (n = 26), a nonmindful raisin-eating (control) task (n = 25), and a no-task baseline condition (n = 25). Following the experimental manipulation, all participants rated their expected liking of different foods, were offered anchovies to sample, and rated their actual enjoyment of the sampled anchovies. Results indicated no statistically significant differences between the mindful raisin-eating and nonmindful raisin-eating control group on expected liking of different foods, F(1, 49) = 0.17, p = .68, willingness to sample anchovies, ?2 (2) = 0.34, p = .84, or the enjoyment of sampled anchovies, F(2, 37) = 0.93, p = .41. The failure to replicate previous findings may be due to a lack of statistical power to detect meaningful differences, particularly in the expected liking of previously disliked foods, due to the small sample size (N = 76). It may also be that the attitudes and behaviors of older adults are more ingrained or reflexive due to a longer lifetime of rehearsal compared with young adults, and thus a one-time mindfulness experience may be less impactful in altering attitudes and behaviors in older adults compared to young adults
Evidence for endorsement of a trait-oriented approach to the examination of psychopathy
No full textA Thesis Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
Master of Science - Psychology Cognitive and Affective ScienceResearchers have long assumed that psychopathic traits are associated with lower endorsement and adherence to moral values (Koch, 1891; Cleckley, 1941). This assumption is emphasized in fictional depictions of psychopathy (Furham, Daoud, & Swami, 2009), but modern empirical studies suggest a more complex state of affairs. In particular, the some studies suggest that psychopathy is generally associated with low levels of moral value endorsement (Jonason et al., 2014), whereas others find evidence of positive and negative associations, depending o the specific types of values assessed (Djeriouat & Trémolière, 2014). The present study seeks to provide clarification on how psychopathy relates to value endorsement by examining how the common four factors of psychopathy (Hare & Neuman, 2008) are individually related to value endorsement. Data were analyzed from 531 participants who completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk website. Correlations and hierarchical regressions revealed a general trend toward alignment with lay theories of psychopathy, but notable exceptions emerged. Findings are examined with respect to the dimensionality of psychopathy, research methodology, and the importance of replication. Implications of the results and proposed directions for future research are also discussed
VIDEO GAME VIOLENCE AND BEHAVIORAL AGGRESSION: A META-ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF POTENTIAL MODERATORS
No full textA Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science-Psychology Industrial/OrganizationalThe current study used fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses to test four
additional potential moderators of the relation between exposure to media violence and
aggression. First, fourteen relevant studies meeting Anderson et al.?s (2010) best
practices criteria were coded for characteristics related to the violent and non-violent
(control) video games and for study authorship. Next, the program Comprehensive Metaanalysis
was used to conduct a fixed-effects meta-analysis in order to examine the
variability between the studies within the sample. Then, potential moderating effects
were tested via random-effects analyses.
Consistent with previous research, an average effect of r+ = .26 was found for the
relation between violent video game play and aggression. The realism of the violent and
non-violent video games, competitiveness of the non-violent video game, and authorship
were tested for moderating effects. Although, violent video game realism was not found
to be a significant moderator Q(1) = 1.45, p > .05, the unrealistic subgroup of studies
produced a significant average effect, r+ = .33, p < .05, whereas the realistic subgroup
did not, r+ = .18, p > .05. Non-Violent video game realism, non-violent video game
competitiveness, and Craig Anderson as author did not moderate the relation, Q = .08, p
= .776; Q = .01, p = .91; and Q = .30, p = .58, respectively. Future research should
evaluate whether violent video game realism moderates the relation between playing
violent video games and aggression using a more definitive methodology
THE EFFECT OF SONGS WITH VIOLENT LYRICS ON INTERPERSONAL AGGRESSION
No full textA Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science-Psychology Plan of Study ExperimentalThe focus of this study was to investigate the relation between listening to music containing violent lyrics and interpersonal aggression. To examine this relation, participants wrote a brief essay and then received feedback from a second ostensible participant as part of a study on peer feedback and writing. Participants were assigned randomly to receive either positive or negative feedback from the other and were then provided an opportunity to evaluate an essay written by the other. Prior to receiving the feedback, participants were assigned randomly to listen to a song with either violent lyrics or non-violent lyrics.
Consistent with previous research, those receiving provocative negative feedback reported more negative affect and evaluated the second participant?s essay more negatively than those who received positive feedback. However, despite finding a difference in perceived aggressive content between violent and non-violent songs, exposure to violent songs had no discernable effect on interpersonal aggression. The results provide mixed support for predictions made using the General Aggression Model (GAM)
Hematologic malignancies in pregnancy: management guidelines from an international consensus meeting
No full textThe incidence of hematologic malignancies during pregnancy is 0.02%. However, this figure is increasing, as women delay conception until a later age. Systemic symptoms attributed to the development of a hematologic cancer may overlap with physiologic changes of pregnancy. A favorable prognosis is contingent upon early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required by health care providers. Although timely, accurate diagnosis followed by appropriate staging is essential and should not be delayed due to pregnancy, management guidelines are lacking due to insufficient evidence-based research. Consequently, treatment is delayed, posing significant risks to maternal and fetal health, and potential pregnancy termination. This report provides guidelines for clinical management of hematologic cancers during the perinatal period, which were developed by a multidisciplinary team including an experienced hematologist/oncologist, a high-risk obstetrics specialist, a neonatologist, and experienced nurses, social workers, and psychologists.These guidelines were developed by experts in the field during the first International Consensus Meeting of Prenatal Hematologic Malignancies, which took place in Leuven, Belgium, on May 23, 2014.This consensus summary equips health care professionals with novel diagnostic and treatment methodologies that aim for optimal treatment of the mother, while protecting fetal and pediatric health
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