4,126 research outputs found
Synthesis of Azaphosphinines by Directed Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions with Na(OCP)
No full textPyrylenes: A New Class of Tunable, Redox-Switchable, Photoexcitable Pyrylium–Carbene Hybrids with Three Stable Redox-States
No full textOrganische Vier‐Elektronen Redox‐Systeme basierend auf Bipyridin‐ und Phenanthrolin‐Carben‐Architekturen
No full textDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
Organic Four‐Electron Redox Systems Based on Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Carbene Architectures
No full textNovel organic redox systems that display multistage redox behaviour are highly sought‐after for a series of applications such as organic batteries or electrochromic materials. Here we describe a simple strategy to transfer well‐known two‐electron redox active bipyridine and phenanthroline architectures into novel strongly reducing four‐electron redox systems featuring fully reversible redox events with up to five stable oxidation states. We give spectroscopic and structural insight into the changes involved in the redox‐events and present characterization data on all isolated oxidation states. The redox‐systems feature strong UV/Vis/NIR polyelectrochromic properties such as distinct strong NIR absorptions in the mixed valence states. Two‐electron charge–discharge cycling studies indicate high electrochemical stability at strongly negative potentials, rendering the new redox architectures promising lead structures for multi‐electron anolyte materials
Measurement of the Bs0-Bs0 oscillation frequency δms in Bs0→Ds-(3)π decays
No full textThe Bs0-Bs0 oscillation frequency δms is measured with 36 pb-1 of data collected in pp collisions at s=7TeV by the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. A total of 1381 Bs0→Ds-π+ and Bs0→Ds-π+π-π + signal decays are reconstructed, with average decay time resolutions of 44 fs and 36 fs, respectively. An oscillation signal with a statistical significance of 4.6σ is observed. The measured oscillation frequency is δm s=17.63±0.11(stat)±0.02(syst)ps -1
Assessing the Integration of Electrified On-Board Systems in an MDAO framework for a small transport aircraft
No full textThe integration of on-board systems design within the aircraft design process is often
considered only in the late part of the initial design. This is acceptable for civil aircraft using
standard technology systems. However, facing with MEA and AEA concepts and different
possible architectures, the systems design and the assessment of their effects on the overall
aircraft should be moved up in the usual design process. This paper deals with evaluation of
the effect of different on-board systems architecture, with a different electrification level, on
the overall aircraft design. These effects have been evaluated using three different MDA
workflows developed within the AGILE4.0 European research project. The workflows are
defined with an increasing number of disciplines to show how the effect of a proper selection
of a systems architecture is differently caught by each one. In this way it is possible to define
which disciplines should be included for the systems architecture assessment. The results show
a save of 1% of MTOM for the AEA applied to a small turboprop aircraft when only the OBS
mass is assessed. Increasing workflow complexity, adding performance and engine design the
save increase to 1.2%. Finally, the save increases to 1.3% when the effect on engine SFC is
also considered
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Agency Problems, Legal Strategies, and Enforcement
No full textThis article is the second chapter of the second edition of "The Anatomy of Corporate Law: A Comparative and Functional Approach," by Reinier Kraakman, John Armour, Paul Davies, Luca Enriques, Henry Hansmann, Gerard Hertig, Klaus Hopt, Hideki Kanda and Edward Rock (Oxford University Press 2009). The book as a whole provides a functional analysis of corporate (or company) law in Europe, the U.S., and Japan. Its organization reflects the structure of corporate law across all jurisdictions, while individual chapters explore the diversity of jurisdictional approaches to the common problems of corporate law. In its second edition, the book has been significantly revised and expanded. "Agency Problems and Legal Strategies" establishes the analytical framework for the book as a whole. After further elaborating the agency problems that motivate corporate law, this chapter identifies five legal strategies that the law employs to address these problems. Describing these strategies allows us to more accurately map legal similarities and differences across jurisdictions. Some legal strategies are "regulatory" insofar as they directly constrain the actions of corporate actors: for example, a standard of behavior such as a director's duty of loyalty and care. Other legal strategies are "governance-based" insofar as they channel the distribution of power and payoffs within companies to reduce opportunism. For example, the law may accord direct decision rights to a vulnerable corporate constituency, as when it requires shareholder approval of mergers. Alternatively, the law may assign appointment rights over top managers to a vulnerable constituency, as when it accords shareholders - or in some jurisdictions, employees - the power to select corporate directors. We then consider the relationship between different enforcement mechanisms - public agencies, private actors, and gatekeeper control - and the basic legal strategies outlined. We conclude that regulatory strategies require more extensive enforcement mechanisms - in the form of courts and procedural rules - to secure compliance than do governance strategies. However, governance strategies, for efficacy, require shareholders to be relatively concentrated so as to be able to exercise their decisional rights effectively.Version of Recor
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