27,140 research outputs found
Clinical validation of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory
No full textThe clinical validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; F. M. Cheung, K. Leung, et al., 1996) was examined in 2 studies involving a group of 167 male prisoners in Hong Kong and a group of 339 psychiatric patients in China. Elevated scores on the clinical scales were obtained for the clinical samples. Logistic regression analyses confirmed that the CPAI scales were useful in differentiating between male prisoners and the Hong Kong male normative sample and between psychiatric patients and a random sample of normal adults in China. Multivariate analyses of variance results showed significant differences on the CPAI clinical scales and personality scales among subgroups of psychiatric patients with diagnoses of bipolar, schizophrenic, and neurotic disorders. The usefulness of an indigenous personality inventory is discussed.The clinical validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; F. M. Cheung, K. Leung, et al., 1996) was examined in 2 studies involving a group of 167 male prisoners in Hong Kong and a group of 339 psychiatric patients in China. Elevated scores on the clinical scales were obtained for the clinical samples. Logistic regression analyses confirmed that the CPAI scales were useful in differentiating between male prisoners and the Hong Kong male normative sample and between psychiatric patients and a random sample of normal adults in China. Multivariate analyses of variance results showed significant differences on the CPAI clinical scales and personality scales among subgroups of psychiatric patients with diagnoses of bipolar, schizophrenic, and neurotic disorders. The usefulness of an indigenous personality inventory is discussed
Convergent validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2: Preliminary findings with a normative sample
No full textWe examined the convergent validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; Cheung, Leung, et al., 1996), an indigenously constructed measure, by comparing its patterns of correlations with the MMPI-2 (Butcher et al., 2001). A valid sample of 147 Chinese students took both the CPAI and the MMPI-2. Results provide preliminary support for the convergence between most of the CPAI clinical scales and the relevant MMPI-2 scales. The CPAI personality scales further illustrated the patterns of personality features associated with the MMPI-2 scales in a Chinese cultural context. We discuss discrepancies in the correspondence between a number of CPAI and MMPI-2 clinical scales.We examined the convergent validity of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI; Cheung, Leung, et al., 1996), an indigenously constructed measure, by comparing its patterns of correlations with the MMPI-2 (Butcher et al., 2001). A valid sample of 147 Chinese students took both the CPAI and the MMPI-2. Results provide preliminary support for the convergence between most of the CPAI clinical scales and the relevant MMPI-2 scales. The CPAI personality scales further illustrated the patterns of personality features associated with the MMPI-2 scales in a Chinese cultural context. We discuss discrepancies in the correspondence between a number of CPAI and MMPI-2 clinical scales
2024-09-13 Metacognitive Moral Learning & Decision Making in Realistic Moral Dilemmas | Vanessa Cheung and Max Maier
No full textMany controversies arise from disagreements about which decision-making strategies to use in which situations (e.g., following rules or reliance on cost-benefit reasoning). In this talk, we propose a new theory of moral decision-making based on strategy selection that explains how these differences arise. Using a new paradigm with realistic moral dilemmas (across four experiments, total N=2328), we show how moral strategy selection learning (i.e., metacognitive learning) from the consequences of previous moral decisions can influence people's reliance on different decision-making strategies. Using computational modeling, we showed that many participants learned about decision strategies in general (metacognitive learning) rather than specific actions. Their learning transferred to incentive-compatible donation decisions and moral convictions beyond the experiment. Further, we use the new scenarios to compare large language model (LLM) and human moral decision-making, finding that human decisions are consistent with the strategy-selection account but not LLM decisions. LLMs show stronger omission bias and an additional type of “yes-no” bias not shared by humans. We conclude that strategy selection is an important mechanism of human moral decision-making and discuss the implications of this account.
Maier, M.*, Cheung, V.*, & Lieder, F. (2023). Metacognitive Learning from Consequences of Past Choices Shapes Moral Decision-Making. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gjf3h
Cheung, V.*, Maier, M.*, & Lieder, F. (2024). Large Language Models Amplify Human Biases in Moral Decision-Making. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/aj46
Some Weighted Hardy-type Inequalities of Vector-Valued Functions
No full textBy adopting the C-technique of Cheung and Pečrić, we establish some interesting weighted Hardy-type inequalities of vector-valued functions. These generalize and improve some existing results of Cheung, Cheung-Hanjš-Pēcarić, Hanjš-Love-Pečarić, Levinson, and Pachpatte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
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