1,721,004 research outputs found
Immunization of rhesus macaques with Echinococcus multilocularis recombinant 14-3-3 antigen leads to specific antibody response.
Full text linkE. multilocularis (Em) is the etiologic agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a severe and potentially fatal disease, primarily affecting the liver of and occurring in aberrant intermediate hosts, e.g., humans and non-human primates. Due to increasing numbers of spontaneous cases of AE in the Old World monkey colonies of the German Primate Center, the question arose as to whether vaccination of non-human primates may represent a useful prophylactic approach. In this pilot study, the recombinant antigen Em14-3-3, which has provided a 97 % protection against E. multilocularis challenge infection in rodent models, was used for the first time to immunize rhesus macaques. In order to increase immunogenicity, the antigen was formulated with different adjuvants including Quil A®, aluminum hydroxide (alum), and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Also, different vaccination regimens were tested. All vaccinated animals developed antigen-specific antibodies. While Quil A® induced a local adverse reaction, alum proved to be the most potent adjuvant in terms of induced antibody levels, longevity as well as tolerability. In conclusion, our pilot study demonstrated that recombinant Em14-3-3 is safe and immunogenic in rhesus monkeys. As a next step, efficacy of the vaccination remains to be explored
Malignant Nephroblastoma in a Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus )
No full textNecropsy of a 17-month-old male common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) with a history of increased abdominal girth resulted in the finding of a unilateral polycystic renal neoplasm. Detailed histopathologic and immunohistochemical investigations revealed different tissue types within the tumor including stromal connective tissue and fusiform mesenchymal cell formations surrounding blastemal cells as well as different developmental stages of organ-specific epithelial cells accompanied by extensive cyst formation. Metastases were not observed. In consideration of the macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was classified as a nephroblastoma closely resembling the so-called Wilms' tumor, a malignant embryonic renal tumor frequently observed in humans, especially in young children. In contrast, this tumor entity has rarely been observed in nonhuman primates. This report represents the first documented case of a cystic variant of nephroblastoma in a nonhuman primate
[Occurrence and significance of different adhesion molecules--review]
No full textThe adhesion of leucocytes to endothelial cells is an important step in the migration of these cells into lymphatic tissue and to places of acute inflammation. These leucocytes do not only stick to altered endothelial cells during acute inflammation as part of the immun response. They also interact with normal endothelial cells in order to immigrate in lymphatic and extralymphatic tissue. Three cell surface molecule families regulate the tissue specific migration of leucocytes on the molecular level: integrin family, selectin family and the immunglobulin supergen family. This review reports the present state of research. It has to be taken in consideration, that almost every day new results will be found
[Occurrence and significance of different adhesion molecules--review]
No full textThe adhesion of leucocytes to endothelial cells is an important step in the migration of these cells into lymphatic tissue and to places of acute inflammation. These leucocytes do not only stick to altered endothelial cells during acute inflammation as part of the immun response. They also interact with normal endothelial cells in order to immigrate in lymphatic and extralymphatic tissue. Three cell surface molecule families regulate the tissue specific migration of leucocytes on the molecular level: integrin family, selectin family and the immunglobulin supergen family. This review reports the present state of research. It has to be taken in consideration, that almost every day new results will be found
Necrotizing endometritis and isolation of an alpha-toxin producing strain of Clostridium septicum in a wild sooty mangabey from Côte d'Ivoire
No full textFew lethal pathogens in wild‐living primates have been described, and little is known about infectious diseases of the reproductive tract and their possible impact on health and reproduction. This report describes the pathology and isolation of an alpha‐toxin producing strain of Clostridium septicum in a case of necrotizing endometritis in a wild sooty mangabey found dead in a tropical rainforest of West Africa
Oncocytic Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Putty-nosed Monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with Hyperadrenocorticism
No full textA Case of Intestinal Mycobacterium simiae Infection in an SIV-infected Immunosuppressed Rhesus Monkey
No full textAlthough Mycobacterium simiae was identified and classified more than three decades ago, only a few cases are mentioned in the current literature. After experimental simian immunodeficiency virus infection, a 9-year-old female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) developed progressive immunosuppression and gastrointestinal disease very similar to the clinical and pathomorphologic features of Johne's disease, which is caused by M. paratuberculosis. Acid-fast-positive bacteria reacted immunohistochemically with antibodies against M. paratuberculosis and M. bovis but were not useful for differentiation because of a high degree of cross-reactivity. In contrast to immunohistochemistry and histopathology, biochemical methods and cycle sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA identified M. simiae as the disease-causing pathogen. This case demonstrates the importance of molecular biological methods for the diagnosis of M. simiae infection in monkeys
Reactivation of a Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Experimentally Infected with SIV
No full textTrypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates were incidentally noted in blood smears of a routinely monitored rhesus monkey experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Immunodeficiency in the course of the SIV infection reactivated a chronic infection of Chagas' disease that had been unnoticed when the macaque was imported to Europe. The animal developed no specific clinical symptoms of American trypanosomiasis, but histologically a chagasic myocarditis was detected. Analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene of the trypanosome identified the protozoan as T. cruzi
SIV-associated Lymphomas in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in Comparison with HIV-associated Lymphomas
No full textA retrospective study was performed to characterize malignant lymphomas of 16 Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta), 2–9 years of age, on the basis of clinical data, histologic and immunophenotypic results, and cell death indices compiled with the TdT-mediated X-duTP nick end labeling method. We particularly focused on providing immunohistochemical evidence of expression products of EBNA2, Bcl2, c-Myc, P21, P53, and Bc16. Results were compared with data from the literature on human HIV-associated lymphomas. According to the updated Kiel classification, the lymphomas were classified as 11 centroblastic lymphomas, three immunoblastic lymphomas, one Burkitt-like lymphoma, and one immunocytoma. Using antibodies to CD20, the B-cell origin of tumor cells was demonstrated. SIV antigen was not demonstrated in the tumor cells. Infection with rhesus lymphocryptovirus was present in 94% of the monkeys. Lymphomas revealed expression of Bc12 in 15/16 (94%), c-Myc in 14/16 (88%), P21 in 10/16 (63%), P53 in 12/16 (75%), and Bc16 in 1/16 (6%) monkeys. This study provided evidence that the expression of these gene products, which are thought to play an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis in HIV- and non-HIV-associated lymphomas, are also involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas in SIVinfected rhesus monkeys. A tentative relationship between the described gene products and the cell death indices was established for the expression of Bc12. The present primate model represents a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphomas
- …
