128,584 research outputs found
Coccoglypta billiana Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi & Chen & Lyu 2019, n. comb.
No full textCoccoglypta billiana (Heude, 1882) n. comb. Helix billiana Heude, 1882: 25, pl. 14, fig. 3. TYPE LOCALITY. — “In montosis Kiun-tcheou, ditionis fluvii Han” (= in the mountain regions of Kiun-tcheou, the area of the Han River). REMARKS As for the previous species, Johnson (1973) did not mention type specimens in American museums, and we could not examine the types probably deposited in Beijing. Since the sculpture is also mamillated, the species also potentially belongs to Coccoglypta.Published as part of Páll-Gergely, Barna, Hunyadi, András, Chen, Zhe-Yu & Lyu, Zhi-Tong, 2019, A review of the genus Coccoglypta Pilsbry, 1895 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), pp. 595-608 in Zoosystema 41 (29) on page 604, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a29, http://zenodo.org/record/372611
Coccoglypta leprosula Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi & Chen & Lyu 2019, n. comb.
No full textCoccoglypta leprosula (Heude, 1885) n. comb. (Fig. 6I-L) Helix leprosa Heude, 1885a: 106, pl. 27, fig. 15. Helix leprosula Heude, 1885b: 43. Helix (Satsuma) leprosula – Tryon 1887: 220, pl. 51, figs 80-82. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — China. Sichuan, Mianyang Shi, Jiangy- ou Shi, Wudu Zhen, Guanwushan Forest Farm; 31°56’38.8”N, 104°44’1.1”E; 1590 m; A. Hunyadi & M. Szekeres leg.; 21 -22. VI.2015; coll. HA; 1 adult + 2 juvenile shells (Coccoglypta cf. leprosula n. comb., Figures 6 I-L). TYPE LOCALITY. — “Tchen K’eou” (Chengkou, Chongqing Province). REMARKS Johnson (1973) did not mention type specimens in American museums, and we could not contact the Beijing Natural History Museum, where some of Heude’s types are deposited. Therefore, we rely on the original description only. Accordingly, the shell is 26 mm wide, narrowly umbilicated, and the sculpture is finely tuberculated, as in Coccoglypta. The specimen we examined matches the original description, but the identification is certainly doubtful. It was collected c. 370 km west from the type locality of “ Satsuma ” leprosula. However, it must be kept in mind that the type locality is just a rough estimate, Heude received specimens from other missionaries who collected shells during their travels across large geographic areas.Published as part of Páll-Gergely, Barna, Hunyadi, András, Chen, Zhe-Yu & Lyu, Zhi-Tong, 2019, A review of the genus Coccoglypta Pilsbry, 1895 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), pp. 595-608 in Zoosystema 41 (29) on page 604, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a29, http://zenodo.org/record/372611
Coccoglypta arbusticola Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi & Chen & Lyu 2019, n. comb.
No full textCoccoglypta arbusticola (Deshayes, 1870) n. comb. (Fig. 6A-D) Helix arbusticola Deshayes, 1870: 20. non Bradybaena arbusticola arbusticola – Yen 1939: 135, pl. 14, fig. 2. non Coccoglypta arbusticola – Chen & Zhang 2004: 155-156, fig. 123. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. — China. Moupin [Muping Zhen, Sichuan], l’Abbé David, 1869, syntype, MNHN-IM-2000-34192. TYPE LOCALITY. — “Principauté de Moupin, Thibet oriental” (from title). REMARKS This species has previously been assigned to the genus Bradybaena, however it surely does not belong to that genus in its present concept. The type species of Bradybaena, B. similaris (Rang, 1831), has a small (c. 1 cm), fragile shell without any distinctive sculpture. However, C. arbusticola n. comb. is larger (shell diameter of syntype: 24.5 mm), and has a thick, finely mamillated shell, reminiscent of those of Coccoglypta. We have examined the lectotype of Eulota arbusticola chrysomphala Möllendorff, 1899 (see Möllendorff, 1899: 70 and Yen, 1939: 135) in the Senckenberg Museum (China: W. Sy-tshuan, Fu-bien-ho, SMF 9159, figs 6E-H). It had a light brown, very finely wrinkled and extremely finely spirally grooved shell, without any signs of mamillae. The aperture is also comparatively much larger in chrysomphala than in arbusticola. Thus, “ Bradybaena ” chrysomphala and Coccoglypta arbusticola n. comb. cannot be subspecies of the same species and must be considered as two distinct species. The single shell in the Senckenberg Museum identified as B. arbusticola and figured by Yen (1939) has a narrower umbilicus and more rapidly growing whorls than the type, and there are also no signs of a mamillated sculpture. Therefore, we here exclude it from the present species. Its true identity remains unknown. Furthermore, the shell figured in Chen & Zhang (2004) also belong to another species, because it has a narrower umbilicus, a dark spiral band, and a more strongly expanded peristome.Published as part of Páll-Gergely, Barna, Hunyadi, András, Chen, Zhe-Yu & Lyu, Zhi-Tong, 2019, A review of the genus Coccoglypta Pilsbry, 1895 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), pp. 595-608 in Zoosystema 41 (29) on pages 602-604, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a29, http://zenodo.org/record/372611
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Panophrys daiyunensis Lyu, Wang & Wang 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPanophrys daiyunensis Lyu, Wang & Wang sp. nov. Chresonymy. Megophrys sp18— Liu et al. 2018 Holotype: SYS a001733 (Fig. 3 A–D), adult male, collected by Run-Lin Li on 22 May 2012 from Daiyun Village (25.6362°N, 118.2139°E; ca 1040 m a.s.l.), Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve, Dehua County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, PR China. Paratypes: Three adult males (SYS a001730/ CIB 116075, SYS a001731–1732), collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype; one adult female (SYS a006002), collected by Jian Wang on 26 June 2017 from the same locality as the holotype; two adult females (SYS a006000, 6003), collected by Zhi-Tong Lyu, Ying-Yong Wang, and Ya-Qiong Huang on 26 June 2017 from Jiuxianshan (25.7101°N, 118.1200°E; ca 1200 m a.s.l.), Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve. Etymology. The specific epithet daiyunensis refers to the type locality of the new species, the Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve. Common names. Daiyun Horned Toad (in English) / Dài Yún Jiǎo Chán (ăủfflḃ in Chinese) Diagnosis. (1) body size small, with SVL 27.6–28.7 mm (n = 4) in adult males and 33.7–35.6 mm (n = 3) in adult females; (2) tympanum edge distinct, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold, TD/ED 0.45–0.53; (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) margin of tongue not notched; (5) heels overlapping or meeting; (6) tibio-tarsal articulation reaching just posterior to eye; (7) TIB/SVL 0.36–0.42, FTL/SVL 0.51–0.60; (8) narrow lateral fringes on fingers present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger, relative finger lengths I = II 31 mm in males or> 38 mm in females, namely P. angka, P. baolongensis, P. binchuanensis, P. binlingensis, P. brachykolos, P. caobangensis, P. caudoprocta, P. daweimontis, P. fansipanensis, P. hoanglienensis, P. insularis, P. jiangi, P. jingdongensis, P. jinggangensis, P. leishanensis, P. liboensis, P. lini, P. mirabilis, P. minor, P. nankunensis, P. obesa, P. omeimontis, P. palpebralespinosa, P. sangzhiensis, P. shuichengensis, P. spinata, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wuliangshanensis, P. wushanensis, P. xiangnanensis, and P. yangmingensis. Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining nine congeners by the following characteristics: SVL 27.6–28.7 mm in males and 33.7–35.6 mm in females (vs SVL 30.2–39.3 mm in males in P. dongguanensis; vs SVL 30.4–33.9 mm in males in P. jiulianensis; vs SVL 30.1–30.8 mm in males and 36.3 mm in female in P. mufumontana; vs SVL 30.5–37.3 mm in males in P. nanlingensis; vs SVL 30.3–33.7 mm in males and 37.6 mm in female in P. shunhuangensis); horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid small (vs large in P. acuta); vomerine teeth present (vs absent in P. acuta, P. cheni, P. mufumontana, and P. shunhuangensis); tongue not notched (vs notched in P. cheni, P. jiulianensis, P. nanlingensis, and P. rubrimera); heels overlapping or meeting (vs not meeting in P. acuta and P. dongguanensis); narrow lateral fringes present on toes (vs wide in P. cheni; vs absent in P. dongguanensis, P. jiulianensis, and P. shunhuangensis); rudimentary web present between toes (vs absent in P. rubrimera). Description of holotype. SYS a001733, adult male. Habitus small, SVL 28.7 mm; head width shorter than head length, HDW/HDL 0.97; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping posteriorly to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; dorsal surface of head flat; eye small, ED/HDL 0.39; nostril obliquely ovoid; pupil vertical; canthus rostralis well developed, curved above nostril; loreal region sloping; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum distinct, small, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold; choanae large ovoid, situated at base of maxilla; vomerine teeth present; margin of tongue not notched. Lower arm length 0.23 of SVL and hand length 0.24 of SVL; relative finger lengths I = II <IV <III; tip of finger rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each finger; fingers without webs, narrow lateral fringes present on fingers; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged. Shank length 0.46 of SVL and foot 0.63 of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches posterior margin of eye when hindlimb stretched alongside body; heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each toe; rudimentary web and lateral fringes present between toes; tarsal folds absent; inner metatarsal tubercle long, ovoid, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Dorsal body’s skin texture rough with densely-distributed granules and scattered raised tubercles; “X” shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; dorsolateral skin ridges present; a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, curving from posterior corner of eye, posteroventrally to above insertion of arm. Ventral surface of throat smooth; rounded, densely-distributed tubercles present on ventral chest and belly; raised, densely-distributed tubercles on ventral thigh; pectoral gland large, closer to axilla; single large femoral gland on posterior surface of thigh. Coloration of holotype. Dorsal surface yellowish brown; a dark incomplete triangular marking with light edge between eyes; a dark “X” shaped marking with light edge on center of dorsum; dark patches on dorsal upper arms and hindlimbs; dark stripes below eyes and at lateral tip of snout; iris reddish brown. Ventral surface dark brown; three dark longitudinal stripes on the throat, middle one distinctly shorter; red spots on the chest and densely-distributed tiny white spots on belly and ventral thigh; palms and soles purplish brown, tips of digits greyish white, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles orange red; pectoral glands and femoral glands white. Variation. Measurements of type series are given in Table 4. All specimens were similar in morphology. Females are larger than males. SYS a006000 (Fig. 3E, F) has reddish brown dorsal surface with “)(”-shaped marking and gray ventral surface with unclear marking. Without “X” or “)(”-shaped marking on center of dorsum in SYS a006002. Distribution and ecology. Currently, Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. is known from Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve (1000–1250 m a.s.l.) and Xiamen City (ca 400 m a.s.l.) of southern Fujian. This toad inhabits streams surrounded by moist subtropical secondary evergreen broadleaved forests, and is common from May to June. Males call actively on leaves of bushes or rocks near streams during this period. All females found in June were gravid with oocytes but tadpoles have not been found.Published as part of Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou & Wang, Ying-Yong, 2021, Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus, pp. 9-40 in Zootaxa 4927 (1) on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/453384
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Stereoselective total synthesis of lupin alkaloids
No full textA highly anti-selective formal imino-aldol methodology has been developed and applied to asymmetric total synthesis of five alkaloids, including (+)-lupinine, ()-epitashiromine, (–)-epilamprolobine, (+)-isosophoridine and (+)-sparteine. This method combined an imino-aldol reaction and anti-alkylation, with a variety of (S)-p-tolylsulfinimines, to give anti-products with high diastereoselectivity (dr >10:1). Absolute stereochemical determination of the anti-product was proved by the synthesis of (+)-lupinine and ()-epitashiromine in 17% and 23% overall yields respectively.The first total synthesis of the tetracyclic lupin alkaloid (+)-isosophoridine has been completed in 10 steps in 9% overall yield. The target molecule was assembled with excellent control of contiguous stereocenters employing an anti-selective formal imino-aldol reaction and N-acyliminium cyclisation as key steps. As a part of our studies towards (+)-isosophoridine, we performed the first total synthesis of the tricyclic alkaloid (–)-epilamprolobine.In addition, based on the anti-selective methodology and good understanding of N-acyliminium cyclisation chemistry, a total synthesis of (+)-sparteine has been achieved in 16 linear steps and 1.6% overall yield, which employed a cross metathesis to assemble the allyl silane present in the N-acyliminium precursor
Spatial Localization of Anterior Precuneus for Bodily Self Validated with Brain Stimulation
No full text# SELF-project-Neuron: Causal Evidence for the Processing of Bodily Self in the Anterior Precuneus---The repository contains the group-based ROI of self-hot electrodes and self-cold electrodes in the posteromedial cortex, and some key customized codes for generating the results of paper.## Description of the data and file structure- ROIsThe two nifti files are group-based ROIs from the study. With brain stimulation, we found a distinct area in the anterior precuneus that can induce robust subjective changes that are related to self-location displacement (sometimes self-dissociation). These stimulation sites are labelled "hot", while the surrounding posteromedial (PMC, or otherwise addressed as posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus) sites that did not induce such an effect are labelled "cold". The method of extracting the native coordinates of these stimulation sites is presented in the extractSbjNativeCoord.m. By transforming the individual brain to the standardized MNI space, we generated the presented ROIs by summarizing the spatial location of these stimulation sites (using 4mm-radius sphere). The ROIs are plotted in the provided figure ROI_vis.png, where the yellow color indicates hot sites. We hope these ROIs will be helpful for people who are interested in studying self-related processing, PMC heterogeneity and many other. - fMRI/FC_results:HCP100Cohort and StanfordCohort respectively contains the group-level seed-based FC results from human connectom project open-access data (N=100, unrelated healthy young adults) and from our own cohort (N=5) where the hot/cold electrodes were identified individually. The subfolders with a suffix of "selfHot"/"selfCold"/"selfContr" respectively means the FC of the hot sites for the bodily self, the cold sites for it and the contrast between them. Among the nifti files, the xxx_0001.nii and xxx_0002.nii are associated with positive and negative contrasts, i.e. positive and negative connectivities, while the prefix of "beta", "con" and "spmT" indicates the image type (i.e., spmT is t-score images, beta is beta-coefficient images). When the suffix of an image is thr, it is a thresholded image based on the cluster-level significance (i.e. significant clusters), and a "**_bin.nii" is a binary image of the thresholded image (i.e. significant cluster mask). The resulting significance table is presented in the *.csv files. - CCEPThe CCEP_result_barplots.Rmd has the code for generating the barplot presented in the Figure 4 of the paper, and the prelim_CCEP_explore5_2.m has the code for generating the brain 3D plots of the figure as well as the inflow/outflow CCEP videos.## Code/SoftwareMATLAB >= 2019aSPM1
Panophrys tongboensis Wang & Lyu 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPanophrys tongboensis Wang & Lyu sp. nov. Chresonymy. Megophrys sp21— Liu et al. 2018 Holotype. SYS a003228 (Fig. 6 A–E), adult male, collected by Run-Lin Li on 18 August 2014 from Pingxi (28.1154°N, 118.2372°E; ca 1100 m a.s.l.), Mt Tongbo, Guangfeng District, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Paratypes. Three adult males (SYS a003225–3227), collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype; one adult male (SYS a001911/ CIB 116078), collected by Run-Lin Li on 5 August 2012 from the same locality as the holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet tongboensis refers to its type locality, Mt Tongbo. Common names. Mt Tongbo Horned Toad (in English) / Tóng Bó Shān Jiǎo Chán (ffiůƜfflḃin Chinese) Diagnosis. (1) body size small, with SVL 26.5–31.5 mm (n = 5) in adult males; (2) tympanum visible, the anterior edge indistinct; (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) margin of tongue notched; (5) heels overlapping; (6) tibiotarsal articulation reaching at center of eye; (7) TIB/SVL 0.46–0.49, FTL/SVL 0.59–0.68; (8) narrow lateral fringes on fingers present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger, relative finger lengths II 34 mm in males, namely P. baolongensis, P. binlingensis, P. caobangensis, P. caudoprocta, P. daweimontis, P. hoanglienensis, P. insularis, P. jiangi, P. jingdongensis, P. jinggangensis, P. liboensis, P. lini, P. minor, P. mirabilis, P. obesa, P. omeimontis, P. palpebralespinosa, P. sangzhiensis, P. shuichengensis, P. spinata, and P. xiangnanensis. Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining 20 congeners by the following characteristics: SVL 26.5–31.5 mm in males (vs SVL 32.0–36.0 mm in P. binchuanensis; vs SVL 33.2–37.1 mm in P. yangmingensis; vs SVL 33.2–39.0 mm in P. tuberogranulatus; vs SVL 33.7–39.3 mm in P. brachykolos); horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid small (vs large in P. acuta); vomerine teeth present (vs absent in P. acuta, P. angka, P. binchuanensis, P. brachykolos, P. cheni, P. leishanensis, P. mufumontana, P. shunhuangensis, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wuliangshanensis, P. wushanensis, and P. yangmingensis); tongue notched (vs not notched in P. acuta, P. angka, P. brachykolos, P. dongguanensis, P. leishanensis, P. mufumontana, P. nankunensis, P. shimentaina, P. shunhuangensis, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wushanensis, and P. yangmingensis); heels overlapping (vs not meeting in P. acuta, P. brachykolos, P. dongguanensis, P. nankunensis, and P. wugongensis); lateral fringes on toes absent (vs present in P. acuta, P. binchuanensis, P. cheni, P. mufumontana, P. nanlingensis, P. rubrimera, P. shimentaina, and P. yangmingensis; vs absent in females while wide in males in P. wushanensis); web between toes absent (vs present in P. acuta, P. angka, P. binchuanensis, P. brachykolos, P. cheni, P. dongguanensis, P. jiulianensis, P. leishanensis, P. mufumontana, P. nankunensis, P. nanlingensis, P. shimentaina, P. shunhuangensis, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wushanensis, and P. yangmingensis); one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger (vs absent in P. fansipanensis). Description of holotype. SYS a003228, adult male. Habitus small, SVL 28.5 mm; head width shorter than head length, HDW/HDL 0.91; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping posteriorly to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; dorsal surface of head flat; eye large, ED/HDL 0.39; nostril obliquely ovoid; pupil vertical; canthus rostralis well developed, curved above nostril; loreal region sloping; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum visible but the anterior edge indistinct; choanae large ovoid, situated at base of maxilla; vomerine teeth present; margin of tongue notched. Lower arm length 0.24 of SVL and hand length 0.24 of SVL; relative finger lengths II <I <IV <III; tip of finger rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each finger; fingers without webs, narrow lateral fringes present on fingers; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged. Shank length 0.46 of SVL and foot 0.61 of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches at center of eye when hindlimb stretched alongside body; heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each toe; web and lateral fringes on toes absent; tarsal folds absent; inner metatarsal tubercle long, ovoid, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Dorsal body’s skin texture relatively smooth with tiny granules; “)(”-shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, curving from posterior corner of eye, posteroventrally to above insertion of arm; flank with raised tubercles. Ventral surface smooth, with scattered tubercles on thigh; pectoral gland large, closer to axilla; single large femoral gland on posterior surface of thigh. Coloration of holotype. Dorsal surface beige; a brown “V” shaped marking with light edge between eyes; a brown “)(”-shaped marking with light edge on center of dorsum; dark crossbars on dorsal upper arms and hindlimbs; dark stripes below eyes and at lateral tip of snout; iris reddish brown. Ventral surface dark brown with densely-distributed white spots; a dark longitudinal stripe on the throat; a pair of longitudinal black stripes with white edge on the lateroventral belly; palms and soles reddish brown, tips of digits light red, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles orange red; pectoral glands and femoral glands white. Variation. Measurements of type series are given in Table 7. All specimens were similar in morphology. SYS a003227 has an incomplete triangular marking between eyes. SYS a001911 (Fig. 6F) has a triangular marking between eyes and short longitudinal skin ridges on the flanks. Distribution and ecology. Currently, Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. is only known from the type locality, Mt Tongbo (1100–1115 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Jiangxi. This toad appears to be rare with all individuals being found in the same stream, and is under the competition with the sympatric congener P. boettgeri which is more abundant. Males call on deadwood above streams in August, however, the male individuals found in August were not bearing nuptial pads or spines. Females and tadpoles have not been found and additional ecological information remains unknown.Published as part of Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou & Wang, Ying-Yong, 2021, Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus, pp. 9-40 in Zootaxa 4927 (1) on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/453384
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