4,050 research outputs found
The sense of a beginning : Bakhtinian dialogic criticism on 'the gospel' in Mark.
No full textContemporary literary approaches have caused paradigm shifts in Biblical Studies in the last two decades as it appears in a great deal of Markan studies using narrative, reader-response, deconstructive, feminist, and new historicist approaches. However, literary studies on the Gospel of Mark have not taken into account theoretical questions underlying those approaches. As a result biblical critics are driven by new trends without ever having a chance to examine the critical baggage of the approaches. Consequently, there is a gap of communication between the old and the new one. Therefore this thesis is an attempt to meet the need of enhancing the quality of critical endeavour in biblical studies. In the light of most recent competing critical theories of literature, the first contribution of this thesis is the methodological finding that Bakhtinian dialogic criticism contains the most profound philosophical and practical foundations for solving some crucial theoretical problems in contemporary literary theories. It is a critique to a Saussurian linguistic system of language which becomes the very foundation of modern and postmodern literary criticism. Bakhtinian literary theory shifts the foundation of literary criticism on linguistic signs into the creative activity of the socio-cultural production of human communication. The shift into socio-cultural reality of language communication makes the notion of 'genre' very important to unlock the problem of text and context in literary studies. Since the Gospel of Mark has fascinated most literary critics in Biblical Studies, the problem of 'genre' of this gospel is chosen as the focus of this study. Secondly, as no agreement is reached as to what 'genre' the Gospel of Mark belongs, this thesis makes its contribution to the discussion by locating the problem of 'genre' of Mark in the context of genre theories and argues that the Bakhtinian suggestion to find genre in the socio-cultural sphere by analysing artistic intercourse between narrative agents in Mark has freed the competing analysis from the unresolved problem between the kerygmatic (content oriented) approach and the analogical (form oriented) approach. To achieve finding 'genre' in the socio-cultural sphere, this thesis focuses on Bakhtinian analysis of the process of artistic intercourse between narrative agents. The narrative communicative interrelationships between narrative agents is constructed in this thesis as a 'stereophonic' Bakhtinian model of dialogic communication. This model is an original contribution of this thesis for revising the traditional two dimensional model of narrative communication. Based on this dialogical model of communication, a special role is given to the Bakhtinian 'author-creator' in the realization process of genre through the interaction of polyphonic voices. Through the interaction of voices of the author-artist and the hero we are led to discover a relatively stable type of portraying and controlling reality in Mark, known as the genre of Roman 'satire'. The closest literary affinity is Satyrica by Petronius. This narrative strategy of 'satire' in Mark has its root in the prophetic discourse of the Old Testament which is saturating the speech of the narrator, John the Immerser, the centurion, the people, and even Jesus. Finally, the whole search for Markan 'genre' culminates in the analysis of the realization of genre through the analysis of Bakhtinian chronotope. The reality of the genre of Mark is its social reality that is in its role as dpxrj/ 'beginning'. As the Gospel of Mark proclaims itself as 'a beginning', it defines its claim of socio-cultural 'authority' in early Christianity. It is this 'sense of beginning' which enables the narrating and the narrated world of Mark to interact dialogically
Well-known trade mark protection: confusion in EU and Japan
No full textIn this thesis concerning the protection of well-known trade marks against confusion in the European Community Trade Mark (CTM) and Japanese trademark systems, the author critically considers the difficulties in comprehensively defining ‘well-known trade mark’ in the relevant international trade mark instruments. After critical analysis of various definitions of both ‘trade mark’ and ‘well-known trade mark’, she undertakes a comparison of the definitions of the parallel concepts of ‘trade mark of repute’ and ‘syuchi-syohyo’, and also undertakes an assessment as to the extent to which these trade marks are protected against confusion and kondo in the CTM and Japanese systems, respectively. It is concluded that the protection of well- known trade marks against confusion in the CTM and Japan cannot be said to be completely clear, and the author identifies some areas for legal refor
sj-pdf-3-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 - Supplemental material for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-3-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI by Phoebe G Evans, Maria Sajic, Yichao Yu, Ian F Harrison, Patrick S Hosford, Ken J Smith, Mark F Lythgoe, Daniel J Stuckey and Jack A Wells: on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
sj-pdf-2-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 - Supplemental material for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI by Phoebe G Evans, Maria Sajic, Yichao Yu, Ian F Harrison, Patrick S Hosford, Ken J Smith, Mark F Lythgoe, Daniel J Stuckey and Jack A Wells: on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
sj-pdf-4-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 - Supplemental material for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-4-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI by Phoebe G Evans, Maria Sajic, Yichao Yu, Ian F Harrison, Patrick S Hosford, Ken J Smith, Mark F Lythgoe, Daniel J Stuckey and Jack A Wells: on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 - Supplemental material for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI by Phoebe G Evans, Maria Sajic, Yichao Yu, Ian F Harrison, Patrick S Hosford, Ken J Smith, Mark F Lythgoe, Daniel J Stuckey and Jack A Wells: on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
sj-pdf-5-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 - Supplemental material for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-5-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231209641 for Changes in cardiac-driven perivascular fluid movement around the MCA in a pharmacological model of acute hypertension detected with non-invasive MRI by Phoebe G Evans, Maria Sajic, Yichao Yu, Ian F Harrison, Patrick S Hosford, Ken J Smith, Mark F Lythgoe, Daniel J Stuckey and Jack A Wells: on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
The Gospel on the Margins: The Ideological Function of the Patristic Tradition on the Evangelist Mark
No full textIn spite of the virtually unanimous patristic opinion that the evangelist Mark was the interpreter of Peter, one of the most prestigious apostolic founding figures in Christian memory, the Gospel of Mark was mostly neglected in the patristic period. Not only is the text of Mark the least well represented of the canonical Gospels in terms of the number of patristic citations, commentaries and manuscripts, the explicit comments about the evangelist Mark reveal some ambivalence about its literary or theological value. In my survey of the reception of Mark from Papias of Hierapolis until Clement of Alexandria, I will argue that the reason why the patristic writers were hesitant to embrace the Gospel of Mark was that they perceived the text to be amenable to the Christological beliefs and social praxis of rival Christian factions. The patristic tradition about Mark may have little historical basis, but it had an important ideological function in appropriating the text in the name of an apostolic authority from the margins or periphery
Landsat MSS classification of fire fuel types in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Canada
No full textJ1: Global Ecology & Biogeography Letters; M3: Article; Milne, David Franklin, Steven E. Wilson, Bradley A. Ghitter, Geoff Heathcott, Mark McCaffrey, Thomas M. Ow, Charlotte F. Y.; Source Information: Mar1994, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p33; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada (Wood Buffalo National Park); Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel type classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat data; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Articl
Acupuncture needling sensation: the neural correlates of deqi using fMRI
No full textThe needling sensation of deqi is considered by most acupuncturists to be an important component of acupuncture, yet neuroimaging research that investigates this needle sensation has been limited. In this study we have investigated the effect of deqi and acute pain needling sensations upon brain fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals. Seventeen right-handed participants who received acupuncture at the right LI-4 (Hegu) acupoint were imaged in a 3T MRI scanner. fMRI datasets were classified, on the basis of psychophysical participants' reports of needling scores, into those that were associated with predominantly deqi sensations versus those with predominantly acute pain sensations. Brain areas showing changes in BOLD signal increases (activations) and decreases (deactivations) were identified. Differences were demonstrated in the pattern of activations and deactivations between groupings of scans associated with deqi versus pain sensations. For the deqi grouping, significant deactivations occurred, whereas significant activations did not. In contrast, the predominantly acute pain grouping was associated with a mixture of activations and deactivations. For the comparison between the predominately deqi sensation grouping and the acute pain sensation grouping (deqi>pain contrast), only negative Z value voxels resulted (mainly from deactivations in the deqi grouping and activations in the pain grouping) in the limbic/sub-cortical structures and the cerebellum regions of interest. Our results show the importance of collecting and accounting for needle sensation data in neuroimaging studies of acupunctur
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